手术切除的ⅢA期-N2非小细胞肺癌预后因素分析

目的：研究影响ⅢA期-N2非小细胞肺癌根治术后患者预后的目素，方法：目1995年3月-1998年2月在上海市胸科医院118例非小细胞肺癌术后病理分期为ⅢA期-N2的患者．对可能影响其生存率的各种临床、病理、治疗方法等因素进行分析．用Kaplan-Meier曲线及Log rank检验生存率差异，Cox单、多因素骨析评价各因素对生存率的影响。结果：118例ⅢA期-N2非小细胞肺癌患者的三年及五年生存率分别为40.5％和18．4％．肿瘤切除情况、N2淋巴结转移的个数和组数及术后化疗周期敖均与生存率有关。在多因素分析中．N2淋巴结转移的个数及术后化疗周期数均为影响生存率的重要因素。结论：N2淋巴结转移的个数及术后化疗周期数是影响ⅢA期-N2非小细胞肺癌预后的重要因素。     

1380例手术后的非小细胞肺癌的多因素预后分析

背景与目的 非小细胞肺癌的预后影响因素较多。本研究旨在结合临床资料对非小细胞肺癌术后的预后及其影响因素进行分析。方法 回顾性分析自1996年1月至2003年1月1380例手术治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者的资料，对影响其预后的临床病理因素进行了单因素及多因素分析。结果 全组1、3、5年生存率分别为78．85％、49．78％和38．96％，中位生存时间38．77月。单因素分析显示患者肿瘤大小、病理类型、临床类型（中心型和周围型）、病理分期、淋巴结转移情况、手术方式、术后是否化疗及化疗周期数是影响预后的因素，多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、病理分期、淋巴结转移情况及术后是否化疗和化疗的周期数是影响预后的独立因素。结论 对于手术治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者，肿瘤大小、病理分期、淋巴结转移情况及术后化疗情况是独立的预后因素。     

288例手术切除的ⅢA-N2非小细胞肺癌患者的生存分析

背景与目的 探讨完整切除术后ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌(Non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的床预后因素.方法 对1999年1月至2004年12月中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治288例手术切除的ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌患者进行生存分析,生存率的计算及单因素生存分析用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-rank法检验;Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析.结果 288例手术切除的ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌患者的中位生存期为770天,1年、2年、3年、4年和5年的累计生存率分别为77.1%、52.4%、34.9%、28.1%和20.2%.单因素生存分析发现年龄(<60岁vs≥60岁)、是否吸烟、手术方式、T分期、术后化疗、术后化疗疗程数、术后放疗7个临床因素与ⅢA期NSCLC患者术后的预后有统计学意义,进一步利用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析发现术后化疗、术后放疗、T分期是影响预后的独立因素.结论 术后化疗、术后放疗、T分期是影响ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌预后的重要因素.     

288例手术切除的IIIA-N2非小细胞肺癌患者的生存分析

背景与目的探讨完整切除术后IIIA期非小细胞肺癌(Non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的床预后因素。方法对1999年1月至2004年12月中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治288例手术切除的IIIA期非小细胞肺癌患者进行生存分析,生存率的计算及单因素生存分析用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-rank法检验;Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析。结果288例手术切除的IIIA期非小细胞肺癌患者的中位生存期为770天,1年、2年、3年、4年和5年的累计生存率分别为77.1%、52.4%、34.9%、28.1%和20.2%。单因素生存分析发现年龄(<60岁vs≥60岁)、是否吸烟、手术方式、T分期、术后化疗、术后化疗疗程数、术后放疗7个临床因素与IIIA期NSCLC患者术后的预后有统计学意义,进一步利用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析发现术后化疗、术后放疗、T分期是影响预后的独立因素。结论术后化疗、术后放疗、T分期是影响IIIA期非小细胞肺癌预后的重要因素。     

Ⅲa期－N2非小细胞肺癌术后辅助化疗的疗效分析

 目的 探讨Ⅲa期－N2非小细胞肺癌术后辅助化疗的疗效。方法 用直接法统计45例Ⅲa期－N2非小细胞肺癌术后不同周期数化疗的生存率，评价其疗效。结果 术后4个周期化疗者3年、5年生存率分别为50.0 ％和16.7 ％，＞4个周期化疗者3年、5年生存率分别为23.1 ％和11.1 ％，两者差异有显著意义（P＜0.05）。≤2个周期化疗者2年生存率7.1 ％，无1例生存3年以上，未化疗者2年生存率14.3 ％，无1例生存3年以上，两者差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论 Ⅲa期－N2非小细胞肺癌单纯手术治疗疗效差，术后辅助化疗能提高其生存率，以4个周期化疗效果最佳。术后化疗周期数是影响Ⅲa期－N2非小细胞肺癌预后的一个重要因素。     

老年广泛期小细胞肺癌患者的预后分析

目的:分析老年广泛期小细胞肺癌患者的独立预后因素。方法:回顾性研究2010年6月至2015年6月在安阳市肿瘤医院治疗的60例老年广泛期小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料，所有患者均经细胞学或组织病理明确诊断。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存时间和生存率，采用Log-rank检验单因素分析，对有统计学意义的单因素采用Cox风险模型进行多因素分析。结果:60例老年广泛期小细胞肺癌患者1年、2年、3年生存率分别为38.3%、8.3%、3.3%，中位生存时间为10.0个月。单因素分析显示年龄、ECOG评分、一线化疗疗效、化疗周期数、肝转移情况和合并慢性疾病情况是影响患者预后的因素，P值小于0.05，具有统计学差异。Cox风险模型分析显示，年龄、ECOG评分、一线化疗疗效、化疗周期数和肝转移情况对患者的总生存时间具有显著影响。结论:患者年龄、ECOG评分、一线化疗疗效、化疗周期数和肝转移情况是影响老年广泛期小细胞肺癌的独立预后因素。     

66例广泛期小细胞肺癌患者预后分析

目的:分析广泛期小细胞肺癌的独立预后因素。方法:回顾性分析安阳市肿瘤医院2005年7月至2009年7月治疗的66例广泛期小细胞肺癌的临床资料,所有患者均经组织病理或细胞学确诊。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-rank检验进行单因素分析,并对有意义的单因素通过COX风险模型筛选影响预后因素。结果:广泛期患者1、2、3年生存率分别为40.9%、13.6%、6.1%,中位生存时间为10个月。单因素分析显示体重减轻情况、一线化疗疗效、总化疗周期数、治疗方式、低钠血症与患者预后相关,具有统计学差异。多因素分析显示一线化疗疗效、总化疗周期数、低钠血症对患者的总生存时间具有显著影响。结论:一线化疗疗效、总化疗周期数和低钠血症是影响广泛期小细胞肺癌的独立预后因素。     

ⅠB期非小细胞肺癌的预后影响因素

目的:研究影响ⅠB期非小细胞肺癌预后的因素.方法:手术治疗的67例ⅠB期非小细胞肺癌患者,均被手术病理证实为T2N0,并接受了系统淋巴结清扫术或淋巴结采样术.共392枚淋巴结被切除,201站纵隔淋巴结被清扫(上纵隔组103站,下纵隔组98站).生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier方法,采用Cox回归模型进行多因素分析.结果:67例患者中有8例死亡,2年生存率为88.4%.Cox多因素分析提示:纵隔淋巴结清扫站数≥3站者的预后优于纵隔淋巴结清扫站数＜3站者(P=0.041);原发灶≤4cm患者预后优于原发灶＞4cm患者(P=0.016),被切除的淋巴结总数、脏层胸膜受累情况、术后化疗情况、原发灶所在部位、性别及年龄等因素与患者预后没有显著的相关性.结论:增加术中纵隔淋巴结清扫站数对改善ⅠB期非小细胞肺癌的预后可能有益;原发灶＞4cm ⅠB期非小细胞肺癌患者的预后不佳,可能更适宜于接受进一步的术后治疗.     

基于SEER数据库的肿瘤直径大于7.0厘米的非小细胞肺癌患者预后分析

目的 区分肿瘤直径>7.0 cm的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者死亡风险,评估手术及非手术治疗的临床价值。方法 基于SEER数据库收集2010—2015年肿瘤直径>7.0 cm非小细胞肺癌患者数据。寿命表法计算1、2、3年生存率,Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,单因素及多因素Cox回归模型分析预后影响因素。结果 纳入的5 519例患者1、2、3年累计生存率分别为51.8%、33.0%、25.0%。单因素、多因素Cox回归分析显示肿瘤大小、淋巴结N分期、治疗方式是影响NSCLC的预后独立危险因素（P<0.001）。结论 N0~N1期肿瘤直径>7.0 cm非小细胞肺癌患者,手术治疗有利于患者生存预后。N2期肿瘤直径7.0~9.0 cm组,手术治疗在改善患者预后方面存在优势。N2期肿瘤直径≥9.0 cm组以及N3期患者手术与非手术患者预后方面差异未见统计学意义。姑息治疗不能改善患者预后。     

Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌预后因素及复发因素分析

目的 采用回顾性分析方法,对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的预后因素及复发因素进行分析.方法 我院1999年1月1日-2004年12月31日期间具有明确组织学类型、未经治疗过的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者175例,经手术、放疗、化疗等治疗后,观察1年、3年、5年生存率,分析预后因素,记录复发时间,分析复发因素.结果 截止到2009年11月9日,随访率95%,仍存活或失访者按截尾计算.整组患者中位生存期20个月,1、3、5年总生存率分别为43%、15%和3%.单因素分析因素T分期、临床分期、是否放化疗结合、放射治疗中断、近期疗效和急性放射性肺炎对总生存率有统计学意义.Cox逐步回归分析表明,临床分期、急性放射性肺炎、近期疗效是影响Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌放射治疗预后的影响因素.未发现某因素为局部复发的影响因素,临床期别是远处转移的影响因素.结论 初步研究结果表明原发肿瘤临床分期、急性放射性肺炎、近期疗效等因素对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的生存率有明显影响.     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.     

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Summary Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO-1, vimentin, keratin and ₁ and ₄ integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in anin vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in thein vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best within vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D_CO, the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.