基于脑缺血临床病症特点的动物模型分析

根据脑缺血临床病症特点,对目前常用的脑缺血模型进行归纳分析,探讨现有脑缺血模型与临床病症的吻合程度及应用前景。现有的脑缺血动物模型分为全脑缺血模型与局灶性脑缺血模型,在一定程度上代表临床脑梗塞、急性脑缺血、血管性痴呆等病症,而且模型复制方法多样,但现有模型复制的因素相对单一,与临床脑缺血仍存在不小差距。根据现有脑缺血模型与临床病症特点的吻合程度及以中医中风症候特点,提出了制作相关复合性脑缺血动物模型的设想。     

基于中西医临床病症特点的短暂性脑缺血发作的动物模型分析

基于短暂性脑缺血发作的中医、西医临床病症特点,对目前现有的短暂性脑缺血发作模型进行总结归纳,通过整理分析短暂性脑缺血发作各个动物模型的优缺点、中西医诊断标准以及临床症状吻合度,进一步提出相应动物模型的评价思路及改进方法。而且还发现短暂性脑缺血发作动物模型虽然造模方法比较多,但不能很好地反映该病的短暂性、可逆性、反复发作性等典型特征,与临床病症特点差异较大,且缺少对该动物模型造模成功与否的合理的量化标准。通过利用现有的单因素动物模型相结合,建立与临床病症相结合的、更接近人类短暂性脑缺血发作典型症状的复合动物模型,复制出能更加吻合临床病症特点的动物模型。建立合理的模型量化标准,体现其中西医病因,完善一套系统完整的模型评价方法,是短暂性脑缺血发作动物模型未来的发展方向。     

基于缺血预处理诱导脑缺血耐受临床特点的动物模型分析

通过分析临床上短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)诱导脑缺血耐受的特点和影响因素,总结脑缺血耐受动物模型的特点和造模方法,比对临床相关症状,对现有动物模型与临床病症的吻合情况进行分析探讨,提出相应动物模型的评价及改进方法。脑缺血耐受造模方法较多,但缺少能反映脑缺血耐受临床特点的动物模型,建立合理的模型量化标准,完善模型评价方法,是脑缺血耐受动物模型的发展方向。     

短暂脑缺血动物模型及特点分析

目的探讨建立能体现临床特点的短暂性脑缺血动物模型的方法。方法对可用于短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)研究的短暂性全脑缺血模型、局灶性短暂性脑缺血模型和过氧化物诱导小鼠TIA样发作模型进行综述,分析并比较已有模型的造模方法和模型特点。结果通过对现有可用于TIA研究的动物模型对比分析,揭示各种模型的适宜范围,并提出对已有模型的改进建议。结论病症结合的动物模型是最能体现TIA临床特点的模型。     

线栓法制备大鼠中动脉缺血闭塞模型研究进展

脑缺血疾病严重威胁着患者健康,建立一种生理指标控制严格、操作简便、稳定可靠且重复性好、与人类脑缺血病理过程相似的理想脑缺血动物模型,对脑缺血病理机制和药物的研究至关重要。缺血性脑血管病中由大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)引起者占绝大多数,与此相适应,大脑中动脉闭塞所致局灶性脑缺血模型的研究也是学者们研究的重点。目前,制备MCAO模型的方法有很多种,包括光化     

基于临床病症特点的湿疹动物模型分析

分析现有湿疹动物模型与湿疹临床病症特点的吻合情况及各湿疹动物模型特点,提出相应的湿疹动物模型的评价方法及改进方法。依据中、西医湿疹临床诊断标准,总结当前湿疹模型的特点及造模方法,分析现有动物模型与湿疹临床特点的吻合情况。目前多选用小鼠背部湿疹动物模型,一定程度反映了临床湿疹的病理生理特点。但缺少能反映中医临床特征的病症模型。建立较好反映湿疹中西医临床特点的病症结合模型及湿疹模型指标体系是未来研究的重点。     

基于中西医临床病症特点的结肠炎动物模型分析

该文旨在为药物治疗结肠炎的研究提供良好的实验方法.基于结肠炎疾病的中医、西医临床病症特点,分析现有常用的结肠炎动物模型,总结目前结肠炎动物模型与临床病症的契合程度及优缺点.目前对结肠炎的研究主要采用免疫法、化学刺激法、复合法、基因模型等4类建模方法.已报道的结肠炎造模方法较多,但没有一种模型能反映结肠炎中西医临床病症特...     

基于中西医临床病症特点的分泌性中耳炎动物模型分析

基于分泌性中耳炎的中西医临床病症特点,参考临床诊断标准,整理分析并建立分泌性中耳炎的西医诊断标准和中医辨证标准,总结分泌性中耳炎动物模型的造模方法和模型特点,依据临床诊断标准及症状特点,对现有的动物模型与临床症状的吻合程度进行评价,明确其优缺点。统计结果发现,目前分泌性中耳炎动物模型的造模方法较少,且仅能揭示出某一种相关致病机制,其中吻合度较高的模型是基因工程技术造模和向中耳耳泡注入细菌因子2种造模方法,与西医临床病症吻合度较高,但均未能体现中医证型。因此建立同时体现分泌性中耳炎中西医临床病症特点的动物模型,完善分泌性中耳炎病症结合动物模型评价标准,是分泌性中耳炎中医药未来研究的主要任务。     

基于中西医临床病症特点的糖尿病下肢血管病变动物模型分析

根据中西医对糖尿病下肢血管病变(lower extremity arterial disease,LEAD)病因病机的认识以及对患者的临床诊断标准和病症特点,建立LEAD动物模型评价标准,分析现有LEAD动物模型与中西医临床病症特点的吻合度,比较现有模型的优势及缺点,对不同模型的适用范围进行思考,提出现有模型可能的改进...     

湿疹动物模型制备规范(草案)

湿疹是一种临床常见的过敏性、炎症性皮肤病,是由各种原因引起的慢性复发性疾病,常反复发作。因目前湿疹的发病机制尚不确定,现动物模型只是反映湿疹的某些特点,多为急性湿疹动物模型。基于对湿疹中西医临床病症特点分析及对现有动物模型大量实验研究,形成如下湿疹动物模型制备规范(草案),以期为该模型的相关研究提供参考。     

脑小血管病实验动物模型及制备方法研究进展

脑小血管病（cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD）是由于颅内微小血管的动态弥漫性病变所致的脑微血管疾病,是脑卒中和血管性痴呆的主要病因,具有高隐匿性、高发病率、高致残率等特点,发病机制可能与脑血流量减少或慢性大脑低灌注、内皮功能障碍、血-脑脊液屏障功能受损、炎症反应和遗传等因素有关。为有效探寻CSVD的中西医病理机制及防治方法,制备合适的且能展示中医药特色优势的动物模型尤为重要。当前构建的CSVD动物模型有低灌注损伤CSVD模型、高血压靶器官损伤CSVD模型、基因修饰CSVD模型、微小栓子栓塞CSVD模型等。从CSVD模型的建立、行为学与病理改变、模型的优缺点等角度综述了近年来国内外有关CSVD动物模型的研究进展,旨在为深入探索CSVD的发病机制和靶向防治脑小血管病的创新药物研发提供模式动物参考。     

延胡索总生物碱对慢性低灌注脑损伤大鼠神经保护的作用研究

目的:本研究通过建立永久性双侧颈总动脉结扎复制慢性低灌注大鼠动物模型,探讨延胡索总生物碱(TAC)对脑慢性低灌注损伤的改善作用。方法:选取雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成假手术组、TAC组、阳性对照组和模型组,采用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎建立动物模型。通过走平横木实验和Morris水迷宫实验,检测精细运动和认知能力;苏木素-伊红染色法观察TAC对脑海马CA1区组织形态学变化;免疫组织化学法检测TAC对脑海马CA1区血管内皮生长因子的表达。结果:与模型组相比,TAC组大鼠精细运动能力和认知功能显著升高(P<0.01),海马CA1区神经元损伤程度减轻,血管内皮生长因子阳性细胞数显著增加(P<0.01)。结论:TAC可明显改善慢性脑低灌注大鼠的学习记忆能力,减轻神经元损伤,提高血管内皮生长因子的表达,对脑神经元有保护作用。     

绿茶多酚对血管性认知功能障碍影响的相关机制探讨

目的研究两种剂量的绿茶多酚对慢性脑低灌注后病理生理变化的影响,以探讨绿茶多酚改善血管性认知功能障碍的相关机制。方法健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、双侧颈总动脉结扎（2VO）＋生理盐水组、2VO＋GTP100组[绿茶多酚100 mg/（kg.d）]、2VO＋GTP400组[绿茶多酚400 mg/（kg.d）]。采用大鼠2VO制备慢性脑低灌注模型,结扎后从第4周开始给药,给药4周后通过Morris水迷宫观察大鼠的空间学习及记忆功能,采用生化方法检测大鼠海马组织的MDA含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）的活性,并采用实时定量PCR方法检测海马组织Nrf2mRNA的表达。结果绿茶多酚缩短慢性脑低灌注大鼠的逃逸潜伏期,使大鼠在平台区的停留时间延长。绿茶多酚减少海马组织的MDA含量,增强SOD活性,但对AchE的活性没有显著影响,400 mg/（kg.d）剂量的绿茶多酚增强海马组织Nrf2mRNA的表达。结论绿茶多酚改善慢性脑低灌注后的认知功能损害,减轻海马组织的脂质过氧化反应及抗氧化能力,尤其是400 mg/（kg.d）的剂量,但对胆碱能系统没有显著影响。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型的研究进展

脑血管病是危害人类生命与健康的常见病和多发病，由于临床研究的局限性，动物实验就成为研究脑血管疾病的重要途径。为系统研究缺血性脑血管病的病理生理变化，并为治疗研究提供依据，有必要建立一个接近于人类脑缺血性疾病并且重复性好的动物模型。因此现就大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型的制备原理、方法、用途及优缺点等作一综述。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型的研究进展

脑血管病是危害人类生命与健康的常见病和多发病，由于临床研究的局限性，动物实验就成为研究脑血管疾病的重要途径．为系统研究缺血性脑血管病的病理生理变化，并为治疗研究提供佑据，有必要建立一个接近于人类脑缺血性疾病并且重复性好的动物模型。因此现就大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型的制备原理、方法、用途及优缺点等作一综述。     

基于中西医临床病症特点的慢性皮肤溃疡动物模型分析

基于慢性皮肤溃疡中、西医临床病症特点,总结归纳目前现有的皮肤溃疡动物模型.该文根据慢性皮肤溃疡的病因病机、中西医诊断标准及观测指标,分析动物模型的优缺点,评价现有动物模型与慢性皮肤溃疡中、西医临床病证特点的吻合情况.经分析对比发现,目前已有的造模方法中,多为单因素动物模型,与临床多因素、相互作用共同导致慢性皮肤溃疡的生...     

Effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced memory impairments and chronic lipopolysaccharide infusion-induced memory impairments

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Extracts of the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae) have been widely used to relieve fever related to bacterial infection and inflammatory diseases in traditional Korean medicine and have been reported to be effective in brain diseases.These experiments were conducted to examine the effects of oral administration of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts on the rescue of memory impairments induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion or chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of these effects were investigated.

Materials and methods

In the first experiment, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced in male Wister rats by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo). Daily administration of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts was started on 20 day after BCCAo and given for 40 days. A Morris water maze was then used to evaluate the status of the hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was examined in control rats, rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion that was administered Scutellaria baicalensis. In the second experiment, hippocampal microglial activation was induced by chronic infusions of LPS into the fourth ventricle of Fisher-344 rat brains. Daily administration of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts was started on 7 day after the surgery of LPS infusion and given for 32 days. Spatial memory and hippocampal microglial activation was then examined in control rats with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid infusion, rats with chronic LPS infusion, and rats with chronic LPS infusion that were administered Scutellaria baicalensis.

Results

Rats that received chronic cerebral hypoperfusion or chronic LPS infusion showed spatial memory impairments relative to their control rats; however, these symptoms were reduced by daily administration of Scutellaria baicalensis. Administration of Scutellaria baicalensis mitigated alterations of hippocampal MAPK signaling by chronic cerebral infusion and microglial activation by chronic LPS infusion.

Conclusions

These results indicate that Scutellaria baicalensis may possess therapeutic potential for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.     

Acupuncture stimulation at Baihui acupoint reduced cerebral infarct and increased dopamine levels in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injured sprague-dawley rats

The Baihui acupoint has three Yang and five convergences; it is needled in order to activate spirit and resuscitate the brain in traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of acupuncture stimulation at the Baihui acupoint on cerebral infarct and dopamine levels. A chronic cerebral hypoperfusion animal model was established by permanent ligation of both common carotid arteries; a cerebral infarct animal model was established by blocking the blood flow of both common carotid arteries and the right middle cerebral artery for 90 min followed by reperfusion in Sprague-Dawly (SD) rats. The Baihui acupoint was stimulated for 20 min 3 days per week for 4 weeks. The cognitive and memory functions were evaluated by measuring the successful rates for rats to negotiate an 8-arm radial maze test; the test was performed after operation once a week for 4 weeks. Finally, the rats were sacrificed and their brains were removed; the dopamine levels in brain tissue were measured and the percentage of right to left hemisphere area was calculated. The results indicated that acupuncture stimulation (AS) did not increase the success rate of performing the 8-arm radial maze in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rat models. AS increased dopamine levels in the right cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats, and increased dopamine levels of the cerebral cortex in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rat's models. The neurological deficit score was similar between control and AS groups 24 hours after reperfusion, whereas the AS group comprised of ischemia-reperfusion injured rats had a greater percentage of right to left hemisphere area than the control group. In conclusion, AS at the Baihui acupoint for 4 weeks increased dopamine levels in the brain tissue of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats and of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. The AS also reduced brain atrophy after cerebral infarct, suggesting that AS at the Baihui acupoint acts as neuroprotector. However, regular stimulation at the Baihui acupoint enhances cognition and memory functions need further study.     

地黄饮子对慢性脑低灌注大鼠学习记忆及海马AChE,ChAT的影响

目的:探讨地黄饮子对慢性脑低灌注大鼠学习记忆及海马乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、乙酰胆碱转移酶(ChAT)的影响。方法:采用双侧颈总动脉结扎制作大鼠慢性脑缺血模型,通过Morris水迷宫试验测定地黄饮子对慢性脑低灌注大鼠学习记忆功能改善情况,并测定大鼠海马脑组织AChE,ChAT的含量。结果:地黄饮子组(10,20 g.kg-1)与模型对照组比较,Morris水迷宫试验逃避潜伏期缩短,跨越平台次数增加,海马AChE和ChAT含量显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:地黄饮子能改善慢性脑低灌注大鼠学习记忆功能,可能与保护胆碱能系统有关。     

基于中西医临床病症特点血栓闭塞性脉管炎动物模型分析

基于血栓闭塞性脉管炎的临床病症特点,通过查阅相关文献,整理分析并建立血栓闭塞性脉管炎的西医诊断标准与中医辨证标准,总结血栓闭塞性脉管炎动物模型的造模方法、造模对象、模型优缺点.分析其与中西医临床病症特点的吻合度,总结发现血栓闭塞性脉管炎动物模型与西医临床病症吻合度较高,与中医寒湿阻络证和热毒伤阴证吻合度较高,与湿热毒盛...