Violence and HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Female Sex Partners of Male Drug Users

SUMMARY

Objective: Violence and HIV are emerging as interconnected public health hazards among drug users and their families. The purposes of this study are to (1) determine the prevalence of sexual and physical abuse of non-drug-using female sex partners of male drug users, and (2) ascertain the association between such violence and HIV-related risk behaviors. Methods: From 11/93 to 11/95, 208 female sex partners of injection drug or crack users in Collier County, FL, Tucson, AZ, and Portland, OR, were interviewed as part of a NIDA-funded HIV risk reduction project. Their mean age was 30 years (range 18–54); 21% were White, 6% African American, 7% Native American, and 63% Hispanic. Results: Of the 208 women, 28% reported being sexually molested and 20% raped before age 13; 41% reported being raped at least once in their lifetime. Forty-two percent of the women were physically assaulted by their sex partners; 36% had been threatened with assault by their sex partners. Those who were raped or threatened with assault were more likely to have multiple sex partners and engage in unprotected anal sex; there was a trend for women who had been physically assaulted to be more likely to engage in unprotected anal sex. Discussion: Rape, assault and the threat of assault are commonplace in the histories of female sex partners of male drug users. Experiences of violence and threats of violence are associated with heightened risk for the sexual transmission of HIV. Providers of HIV prevention need to understand the sequelae of violence, and design interventions which empower women to protect themselves from sexual transmission of HIV.     

Intimate Partner Violence and Health Care-Seeking Patterns Among Female Users of Urban Adolescent Clinics

To assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and associations with health care-seeking patterns among female patients of adolescent clinics, and to examine screening for IPV and IPV disclosure patterns within these clinics. A self-administered, anonymous, computerized survey was administered to female clients ages 14–20 years (N = 448) seeking care in five urban adolescent clinics, inquiring about IPV history, reasons for seeking care, and IPV screening by and IPV disclosure to providers. Two in five (40%) female urban adolescent clinic patients had experienced IPV, with 32% reporting physical and 21% reporting sexual victimization. Among IPV survivors, 45% reported abuse in their current or most recent relationship. IPV prevalence was equally high among those visiting clinics for reproductive health concerns as among those seeking care for other reasons. IPV victimization was associated with both poor current health status (AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03–2.40) and having foregone care in the past year (AOR 2.59, 95% CI 1.20–5.58). Recent IPV victimization was associated only with past 12 month foregone care (AOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.18–3.46). A minority (30%) reported ever being screened for IPV in a clinical setting. IPV victimization is pervasive among female adolescent clinic attendees regardless of visit type, yet IPV screening by providers appears low. Patients reporting poor health status and foregone care are more likely to have experienced IPV. IPV screening and interventions tailored for female patients of adolescent clinics are needed.     

Unmet Service Needs: A Comparison Between Dementia and Non-Dementia Caregivers

This study compared the unmet service needs between dementia and non-dementia caregivers using data extracted from the Caregiving in the U.S. survey. This study sample included 625 non-dementia caregivers and 208 dementia caregivers. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis was used in analysis. The study showed that a large percentage of dementia (78.8%) and non-dementia caregivers (69.9%) reported unmet needs in at least one service area. Dementia caregivers who reported higher levels of caregiving strain were likely to report greater unmet service needs (p = .05). To address caregivers' unmet service needs more effectively, a comprehensive assessment of caregivers and their care receivers and interventions addressing the needs of both caregivers and care receivers are needed.     

Male and Female Adult Population Health Status in China: A Cross-Sectional National Survey

Background  

With rapid economic growth and globalization, lifestyle in China has been changing dramatically. This study aimed to describe the male and female adult Chinese population health status.     

Runaway and Pregnant: Risk Factors Associated with Pregnancy in a National Sample of Runaway/Homeless Female Adolescents

PURPOSE: Homeless youth are at particularly high risk for teen pregnancy; research indicates as many as 20% of homeless young women become pregnant. These pregnant and homeless teens lack financial resources and adequate health care, resulting in increased risk for low-birth-weight babies and high infant mortality. This study investigated individual and family-level predictors of teen pregnancy among a national sample of runaway/homeless youth in order to better understand the needs of this vulnerable population. METHODS: Data from the Runaway/Homeless Youth Management Information System (RHY MIS) provided a national sample of youth seeking services at crisis shelters. A sub-sample of pregnant females and a random sub-sample (matched by age) of nonpregnant females comprised the study sample (N = 951). Chi-square and t tests identified differences between pregnant and nonpregnant runaway females; maximum likelihood logistic regression identified individual and family-level predictors of teen pregnancy. RESULTS: Teen pregnancy was associated with being an ethnic minority, dropping out of school, being away from home for longer periods of time, having a sexually transmitted disease, and feeling abandoned by one's family. Family factors, such as living in a single parent household and experiencing emotional abuse by one's mother, increased the odds of a teen being pregnant. CONCLUSIONS: The complex problems associated with pregnant runaway/homeless teens create challenges for short-term shelter services. Suggestions are made for extending shelter services to include referrals and coordination with teen parenting programs and other systems of care.     

Training Needs of Peer and Non-Peer Transition Service Providers: Results of a National Survey

The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research - Participatory action research processes guided a national online survey of service providers working with transition age youth with mental...     

非酒精性脂肪肝性别之间血清生化指标比较

目的比较非酒精性脂肪肝患者性别之间生化代谢差异,探讨预防控制策略。方法检测973名体检者的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、葡萄糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(T-CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(apoA1)、载脂蛋白B100(apoB100),计算non-HDL-C、apoB100/apoA1、LDL-C/HDL-C、apoB100/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C比值,并对89例非酒精性脂肪肝与202名体检健康者(对照组)进行比较。结果脂肪肝患病率为9.05%,男性患病率12.53%,显著高于女性的6.0%(P<0.05);与对照组比较,59例男性患者的ALT、IBIL、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoA1、non-HDL-C、apoB100/apoA1、LDL-C/HDL-C、apoB100/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),30例女性患者的AST、TBIL、DBIL、IBIL、GLU、T-CHO、TG、LDL-C、apoA1、non-HDL-C、apoB100/apoA1、LDL-C/HDL-C、apoB100/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);non-HDL-C与TC、LDL-C、TG、HDL-C、apoA1、apoB100、apoB100/apoA1、TC/HDL均显著相关(相关系数0.4113~0.9893,P<0.01)。结论非酒精性脂肪肝普遍具有代谢异常和肝脏受损特点,且性别之间表现不同,应采取针对性措施进行必要的预防和干预。     

Understanding the Needs of Hand Control Users,Driver Rehabilitation Specialists,and Dealers/Installers

Understanding unique perspectives from key stakeholder groups involved in the hand control (HC) industry, including driver rehabilitation specialists (DRSs) who train users how to use their HCs, dealers/installers, and users, may become increasingly important in the United States due to increases in elderly, diabetic, and wounded warrior amputee driving populations. In this exploratory study, phone interviews were conducted with 20 DRSs, 20 dealers/installers, and 20 users regarding their perspectives about HC training, maintenance and operation, and design improvements. Results revealed common views and differences in perspectives about whether HC users should receive training and for how long, when and how often users should receive maintenance on their HCs, and what DRSs, dealers/installers, and users would like to see in the future.     

Male–Female and Female–Female Mounting in Japanese Macaques: A Comparative Study of Posture and Movement

Mounting is generally considered to be a male-typical behavior. Female Japanese macaques, in certain populations, are unusual, in that they routinely mount other females. In this study, we examined to what extent female Japanese macaques mount same-sex partners in a male-typical manner. We compared the mount postures males and females adopt and their rate of pelvic thrusting. In addition, we employed a modified form of Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) to compare patterns of pelvic movement during mounts. LMA is a universal language for movement that describes quantitative features of movement, such as changes in the relation of the body segments, as well as qualitative features, such as the style of movements. Our results indicate that female Japanese macaques do not mount in a male-typical manner. Females exhibited a much greater variety of mount postures than did males. Some of the most common types of mount postures employed by females were never exhibited by males. Females performed fewer pelvic thrusts per mount than males, but they executed more pelvic movements per mount, as well as, greater variety and complexity of movement. In addition, the qualitative style of pelvic mounting that females employed differed, in general, from that of males. We argue that these sex differences in mounting can be explained by the fact that both sexes sought sexual reward via genital stimulation during mounting, but they did so in different ways owing to the constraints imposed by their genital architecture. This study raises the larger question as to what constitutes a male-typical or female-typical behavior.     

北京某医学院校男女教职工健康状况比较分析

目的了解高等医学院校男女教工的健康状况,提出有效保障健康的干预措施。方法对2010年和2011年参加常规体检的987名和1016名高等医学院校在职教工的体检数据进行分析。应用SPSS 10.0统计软件对男女体检指标中异常人数多的前6项指标应用Pearsonχ2检验进行对比分析。结果高血压、高血脂、高血糖、肥胖、脂肪肝和高尿酸的男女发病率在2010年是36.2%和10.8%、26.1%和16.0%、14.0%和7.2%、23.9%和15.1%、45.0%和21.4%、25.3%和14.0%,在2011年是44.5%和22.5%、29.4%和20.6%、18.9%和11.8%、19.1%和5.4%、45.0%和44.8%、27.2%和6.3%,男性的发病率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论男性教工健康状况劣于女性教工,更应受到关注和重视。     

Young Adult Mental Health: a Prospective Examination of Service Utilization,Perceived Unmet Service Needs,Attitudes, and Barriers to Service Use

Prevention Science - Most young adults with mental health symptoms do not receive treatment or access services. It remains important to identify barriers to service utilization to improve access to...     

Male Labor Migrants in Russia: HIV Risk Behavior Levels,Contextual Factors,and Prevention Needs

Although the dire life circumstances of labor migrants working in Russia are well-known, their HIV risk vulnerability and prevention needs are understudied. Low socioeconomic status, lack of access to services, separation from family, and limited risk awareness all contribute to migrants’ HIV vulnerability. Male labor migrants in St. Petersburg (n = 499) were administered assessments of their sexual behavior practices, substance use, and psychosocial characteristics related to risk and well-being. Thirty percent of migrants reported multiple female partners in the past 3 months. Condom use was low, ranging from 35% with permanent to 52% with casual partners. Central Asian migrants had very low AIDS knowledge, low levels of substance use, moderate sexual risk, high depression, and poor social supports. Eastern European migrants had higher AIDS knowledge, alcohol and drug use, and sexual risk. Improved HIV prevention efforts are needed to reduce the risk vulnerability of migrants who relocate to high disease prevalence areas.     

Men and Women with Bisexual Identities Show Bisexual Patterns of Sexual Attraction to Male and Female “Swimsuit Models”

Do self-identified bisexual men and women actually show bisexual patterns of sexual attraction and interest? To answer this question, I studied bisexual men’s and women’s sexual attraction to photographed male and female “swimsuit models” that varied in attractiveness. Participants (663 college students and gay pride attendees, including 14 self-identified bisexual men and 17 self-identified bisexual women) rated their degree of sexual attraction to 34 male and 34 female swimsuit models. Participants’ viewing times to models were unobtrusively assessed. Results showed that bisexual men and women showed bisexual patterns of attraction and viewing times to photo models, which strongly distinguished them from same-sex heterosexual and homosexual participants. In contrast to other groups, which showed evidence of greater male than female category specificity, bisexual men and women did not differ in category specificity. Results suggest that there are subsets of men and women who display truly bisexual patterns of sexual attraction and interest.     

Children's Food Acceptance Patterns: The Interface of Ontogeny and Nutrition Needs

Children's eating behaviors are driven by nutrient needs for growth and health, their developmental stage, and by physical and social aspects of the feeding environment. Engendering healthful eating styles requires recognition of children's needs and abilities and a positive, structured environment in which learning and self-regulation are encouraged.     

青年与中老年女性乳腺癌患者临床病理特点、分子分型及预后的对比分析

目的探讨青年与中老年女性乳腺癌患者的临床病理、分子分型及预后情况。方法收集我院138例女性乳腺癌患者,将其中66例(年龄≤35岁)和72例(年龄>35岁)的患者分别纳入青年组和中老年组。回顾性分析两组患者的临床分期、肿瘤直径、病理分级、淋巴结转移及分子分型的特点及预后情况。结果两组患者在肿瘤直径、临床分期、病理分级、淋巴转移方面分布不同,与中老年组相比,青年组肿瘤直径>2 cm者所占比例高,临床分期晚,病理分级高,容易有淋巴结转移,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。分子分型总体分布不同,青年组以三阴性型居多(34.8%),中老年组以Luminal A型居多(36.1%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。青年组与中老年组乳腺癌患者的3年、5年累积生存率分别为87.9%、62.1%及95.8%、76.4%,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相比中老年乳腺癌,青年女性乳腺癌更具有侵袭性,易发生淋巴结转移,且在临床分期、病理分级及分子分型方面存在明显的差异,因此在临床治疗中,应充分考虑青年乳腺癌的生物学特性,给予个体化的治疗。