重性抑郁障碍患者自杀意念及其影响因素分析

目的探讨重性抑郁障碍患者中自杀意念的发生率及其影响因素。方法使用贝克自杀意念量表(Beck scale for suicidal ideation,SSI)对155例重性抑郁障碍患者评估有无自杀意念,并使用自制的一般资料调查问卷收集人口学资料,使用17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD-17)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)对患者进行自杀意念影响因素的评估。结果 重性抑郁障碍患者自杀意念的发生率为49.7%(77/155),有自杀未遂史的患者为17.4%(27/155)。相对于非汉族患者,汉族患者自杀意念更强(P0.05);相对于无自杀未遂史患者,有自杀未遂史患者自杀意念更强(P0.05);与无自杀意念组比较,有自杀意念患者的HAMD总分、焦虑/躯体化因子分、认知障碍因子分、阻滞因子分更高(P0.05)。路径分析结果表明,抑郁(β=0.22,P0.01)、自杀未遂史(β=0.41,P0.01)和疑病(β=-0.21,P0.01)对自杀意念具有直接预测作用,焦虑(β=0.08,P0.01)和疑病(β=0.07,P0.01)皆通过抑郁对自杀意念起间接作用。Bootstrap BC中介效应检验显示,抑郁在焦虑对自杀意念的影响中起完全中介作用,在疑病对自杀意念的影响中起部分中介作用。结论 重性抑郁障碍患者自杀意念的发生率较高,有自杀未遂史和抑郁情绪严重程度是自杀意念主要的危险因素,在自杀预防工作中要多关注有自杀未遂史和严重抑郁情绪的患者。     

初中生自杀意念与生活事件及家庭环境的关系

目的 探讨初中生自杀意念的现状及自杀意念与家庭环境特征、负性生活事件的关系.方法 采用自杀意念自评量表、青少年生活事件量表、家庭环境量表及一般情况调查问卷,调查济南市初中生共830人.结果 初中生年自杀意念检出率10.7%,且随着年级的增高呈上升的趋势(P<0.05).有无自杀意念两组在生活事件量表及家庭环境量表各因子上有显著性差异(P<0.05).自杀意念的影响因素包括:学习压力因子、受惩罚因子、其他因子、亲密度、知识性、独立性、矛盾性及道德宗教观.结论 初中生自杀意念的发生与不良的家庭环境、负性生活事件有密切的关系.     

强制戒毒者自杀意念研究

目的：了解强制戒毒者当前自杀意念的发生情况，探讨其相关危险因素。方法：通过晤谈获得各种信息，并进行量表评定。结果：强制戒毒者当前自杀意念的发生率为33．3％，其焦虑、抑郁和生活事件紧张分均高于无自杀意念组。结论：强制戒毒者当前自杀意念的发生率较高，与生活事件和焦虑、抑郁情绪有关。     

青少年自杀意念与生活事件及自尊水平的关系

目的 探讨青少年自杀意念的现状及自杀意念与生活事件、自尊水平的关系.方法 采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取长沙市和湘潭市2836例青少年学生,采用自制一般情况问卷、自杀意念问卷、青少年生活事件量表和自尊量表进行调查.结果 青少年自杀意念的检出率为23.4％.有无自杀意念两组在生活事件量表各因子及自尊水平上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).自杀意念的危险因素包括女性、单亲家庭、家庭经济差、家庭暴力、负性生活事件以及低自尊水平.结论 青少年自杀意念的产生与负性生活事件、不良家庭环境、低自尊水平有密切联系.     

留守儿童的自杀意念及相关因素调查

目的:探讨留守儿童的自杀意念及相关影响因素。方法:应用自杀意念自评量表、友谊质量量表、家庭亲密度与适应性量表对南京的4所中小学4～6年级及初1～初3的1 087名中小学生进行测查,比较留守儿童与非留守儿童自杀意念出现率,分析留守儿童在自杀意念、家庭亲密度与适应性、友谊质量间关系及留守儿童自杀意念的影响因素。结果:回收有效问卷954份。自杀意念出现率留守儿童(10.3%)与非留守儿童(10.7%)相比差异无统计学意义。留守儿童中,自杀意念组(54名)与无自杀意念组(468名)间,年级(即年龄)、离异家庭及父母在外工作时间项目相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);留守儿童的自杀意念与友谊质量总分及家庭亲密度和适应性各维度呈负相关(P0.05或P0.01);Logistic回归分析显示,家庭亲密度不满意度及友谊质量评对自杀意念有显著的预测作用(P均0.001)。结论:留守儿童自杀意念的出现率与非留守儿童相似;家庭亲密度与适应性及与同伴的友谊质量是其自杀意念及其强度的重要影响因素。     

伴自杀意念抑郁症患者静息态下比率低频振幅特征研究

目的探讨伴自杀意念抑郁症患者的脑活动特征及其与抑郁严重程度、自杀意念和自杀危险的关系。方法运用比率低频振幅方法对30例伴自杀意念、22例不伴自杀意念抑郁症患者和21名正常对照的静息态功能磁共振图像进行比较,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(Hamilton depression scale 17-item,HAMD-17)评估抑郁症患者的抑郁严重程度,Beck自杀意念量表评估抑郁症患者的自杀意念和自杀危险,并分析伴自杀意念抑郁症组与不伴自杀意念抑郁症组差异脑区的比率低频振幅值与抑郁症严重程度、自杀意念和自杀危险的关系。结果伴自杀意念抑郁症组左侧枕上回/枕中回、右侧枕中回/枕下回fALFF值高于对照组(P0.05,AlphaSim校正),不伴自杀意念抑郁症组左侧枕中回fALFF值高于对照组(P0.05,AlphaSim校正),伴自杀意念抑郁症患者左侧枕中回、右侧枕中回fALFF值高于不伴自杀意念组(P0.05,AlphaSim校正)。伴自杀意念组左侧枕中回(r=0.366,P=0.046)、右侧枕中回(r=0.513,P=0.004)fALFF值分别与HAMD-17总分呈正相关,与Beck自杀意念量表相关无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论伴自杀意念抑郁症患者的双侧枕中回脑功能存在异常,但本研究未发现这种异常脑功能活动与Beck自杀意念量表的自杀意念和自杀危险因子具有相关性。     

某部新兵自杀意念的心理社会相关因素研究

目的探讨新兵自杀意念的心理社会影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,应用自编的自杀意念量表、艾森克个性问卷、简易应对方式问卷、防御方式问卷、社会支持评定量表、青少年生活事件量表、症状自评量表、自杀态度问卷,对某部889名新兵自杀意念的心理社会相关因素进行了非条件logistic回归及通径分析。结果心理健康状况是自杀意念最主要的直接影响因素,负性生活事件通过心理健康状况微弱地间接作用于自杀意念,并起“扳机”作用;人格特征通过应对、防御、支持等中间变量对自杀意念产生直接或间接作用。结论人格特征、负性生活事件和心理健康状况,三者依次递进有机结合产生自杀意念。     

有癫痫发作史患者的幻觉发生率与精神病理学意义

癫痫发作活动已被证明与幻觉有关,而有癫痫发作史的患者产生幻觉的精神病理学意义尚不清楚.该研究的目的是评估有癫痫发作史的患者听幻觉和视幻觉的发生率,并调查它们与一些精神障碍、自杀意念和自杀企图之间的关系.这是一项基于人群的横断面调查,数据来自"成人精神疾病发病率调查".采用精神病筛查问卷评估听幻觉和视幻觉,临床访谈表评估...     

公寓老年人中抑郁症候群与自杀意念的关联研究

目的:探讨公寓老年人群中抑郁症候群和自杀意念的关系. 方法:采用老年抑郁量表(GDS)和自编自杀意念调查问卷对哈尔滨市2所老年公寓的221名老年人进行问卷调查.运用Logistic回归和Spearman相关进行数据分析. 结果:抑郁症候群与是否发生自杀意念相关(r=0.437,P＜0.0001),与自杀意念等级也相关(r=0.469,P=0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析表明,影响自杀意念发生的抑郁症状有:放弃了许多活动与兴趣(P=0.01,OR =4.19)、常感到孤立无援(P=0.00,OR =3.17)、觉得未来有希望(P=0.00,OR =0.19)、觉得现在活着很惬意(P=0.03,OR =0.31). 结论:公寓老年人群自杀意念发生和加重与抑郁症候群关系较为密切.     

中学生自杀意念发生率及其影响因素分析

目的：探讨中学生自杀意念的发生率及其影响因素，为心理干预措施提供参考。方法：采用随机、分层、整群抽样方法，抽取乐昌市３所中学的５１８中高中生，用症状自评量表、艾森克人格问卷、防御方式问卷、应对方式问卷进行调查。结果：有２０．７％的中学生有不同程度的自杀意念；女性、独生子女、单亲家庭的自杀意念发生率显著高于男性、非独生子女、核心家庭及传统大家庭；有自杀意念组的心理健康水平低，采用不成熟防御方式及消极     

Is the bipolar spectrum the psychopathological substrate of suicidality in heroin addicts?

BACKGROUND: To describe the prevalence and the risk factors of suicidal ideation in a cohort of Italian opioid addicts presenting for treatment. METHOD: Systematic cross-sectional clinical data on suicidal ideation, socio-demographic variables, psychiatric status, social adjustment, status and history of addiction in 616 patients were gathered. RESULTS: Suicidal thoughts during the past week were reported by 29.1%. Suicidal thoughts were more frequent in patients with bipolar spectrum diagnoses (OR = 1.42) and in patients with depressive and aggressive symptoms (multiple R = 0.47). The odds of having suicidal thoughts were also higher for subjects receiving public welfare benefits (OR = 1.69), unemployed patients (OR = 1.37), those with early onset of heroin dependence (OR = 1.36), living alone (OR = 1.33), and experiencing problems in organizing social contacts and leisure time (OR = 1.28). CONCLUSION: Current suicidal ideation was a common feature of patients with opioid addiction. Depression and hostility as part of the bipolar spectrum - in the context of early-onset drug dependence, work and social/leisure problems - appear independently associated with suicidal ideation. Given the elevated rates of completed suicide in heroin addiction, these data have implications for preventing suicide in patients with this type of addiction. Prospective data are needed to further address this important clinical and public health agenda.     

Suicidal Behavior in Juvenile Delinquents: The Role of ADHD and Other Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders

This study evaluated the role of psychiatric morbidity in relation to a history of suicidal behavior, with a particular focus on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Suicidality and psychiatric diagnoses were assessed in 370 incarcerated male juvenile delinquents from Northern Russia using the semi-structured K-SADS-PL psychiatric interview. A lifetime history of suicidal ideation only (24.7?%) and suicidal ideation with suicide attempts (15.7?%) was common. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the role of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. A history of suicidal ideation and of suicide attempts were associated with higher rates of psychiatric morbidity and with the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders. An ADHD diagnosis was associated with an increased risk for both suicidal ideation and for suicide attempts. The comorbidity of ADHD with drug dependence further increased the risk for suicidal ideation, while ADHD and alcohol dependence comorbidity increased the risk for suicide attempts. Our findings highlight the importance of adequately detecting and treating psychiatric disorders in vulnerable youths, especially when they are comorbid with ADHD.     

The association between suicidality and Internet addiction and activities in Taiwanese adolescents

Objective

The aims of this cross-sectional study were to examine the associations of suicidal ideation and attempt with Internet addiction and Internet activities in a large representative Taiwanese adolescent population.

Methods

9510 adolescent students aged 12–18 years were selected using a stratified random sampling strategy in southern Taiwan and completed the questionnaires. The five questions from the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia were used to inquire as to the participants’ suicidal ideation and attempt in the past one month. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale was used to assess participants’ Internet addiction. The kinds of Internet activities that the adolescents participated in were also recorded. The associations of suicidal ideation and attempt with Internet addiction and Internet activities were examined using logistic regression analysis to control for the effects of demographic characteristics, depression, family support and self-esteem.

Results

After controlling for the effects of demographic characteristics, depression, family support and self-esteem, Internet addiction was significantly associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt. Online gaming, MSN, online searching for information, and online studying were associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation. While online gaming, chatting, watching movies, shopping, and gambling were associated with an increased risk of suicidal attempt, watching online news was associated with a reduced risk of suicidal attempt.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicated that adolescents with Internet addiction have higher risks of suicidal ideation and attempt than those without. Meanwhile, different kinds of Internet activities have various associations with the risks of suicidal ideation and attempt.     

Prospective prediction of first lifetime suicide attempts in a multi-site study of substance users

Although considerable empirical work has been devoted to identifying risk factors for suicide attempts, most longitudinal research has studied recurrent attempts rather than first lifetime attempts. The present study sought to examine prospective predictors of first lifetime suicide attempts among adults receiving treatment for substance use. Data were drawn from the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study, a study of addiction treatment programs. Data were collected at treatment intake, treatment exit, and one year post-treatment. Patients (n = 3518) with no lifetime history of suicide attempts at treatment intake were followed at treatment exit and one year post-treatment, when they reported on the occurrence of suicide attempts since the prior assessment. Prospective suicidal behavior was assessed using logistic regression in relation to sociodemographic variables, health-related work impairment, history of psychiatric treatment utilization, history of suicidal ideation, history of depressive symptoms, substance use, and childhood abuse, assessed at intake. Health-related work impairment, history of suicidal ideation, and childhood physical abuse significantly predicted first lifetime attempts in a multivariate analysis. Suicidal ideation, health-related functional impairments, and childhood physical abuse may be particularly important in assessing risk for first lifetime suicide attempts. Findings suggest that future clinical work and research would benefit from considering these factors when identifying individuals at heightened risk of making a first suicide attempt.     

Personal and family risk factors for adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts.

Despite research indicating that suicidal ideation is strongly related to future suicide attempts, there is limited data on variables associated with continued suicidal ideation and behaviors in adolescents. The objective of this study is to investigate whether personal, cognitive and family risk factors can differentiate adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts. Twenty-four attempters, 50 ideators and 50 non-suicidal adolescents (aged 14 to 25 years) were asked during an interview to complete individual and psychosocial measures. Both suicidal groups reported greater personal vulnerability and perceived their family as less functional than did the non-suicidal group. However, no differences were found between both suicidal groups. The results suggest the presence of common factors in both adolescent suicidal ideators and attempters.     

Suicidal ideation and correlates in Taiwanese adolescent methamphetamine users

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its correlates in adolescent methamphetamine (MAMP) users. Using the Epidemiological Version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, 200 adolescent MAMP users were assessed for suicidal ideation and psychiatric disorders during the preceding year. Demographic variables, family and peer interaction, characteristics of MAMP use, and personality were also evaluated. Factors correlating to suicidal ideation in adolescent MAMP users were analyzed by logistic regression. In the preceding year, 16% of adolescent MAMP users had suicidal ideation, and multiple factors, including illicit drug use among family members, depressive disorder, adjustment disorder, and emotional instability, correlated with suicidal ideation. Multiple factors, including family, psychopathology, and personality correlate with suicidal ideation in adolescent MAMP users. Subjects showing these characteristics should be monitored for suicidal ideation.     

Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Behaviors among College Students in Northeastern China: a Cross-Sectional Study

The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviors among college students in Jilin Province, China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2016, using a self-reported questionnaire. Convenience sampling method was used to select college students as participants. The analysis was based on a sample of 730 college students. We use multivariate logistic model to determine the risk factors of suicidal behaviors.The prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal attempts were respectively 13.2%, 3.3% and 3.4%. After controlling for the potential confounding factors, history of family psychiatric illness, depression and quality of life were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Besides, suicidal plan was predicted significantly by not living together with university roommates and depression. In terms of suicidal attempts, not living together with university roommates and history of family psychiatric illness were its risk factors. Comprehensive interventions regarding aims at risk factors may be critical as effective strategies to protect college students from suicide.     

Mining social networks to improve suicide prevention: A scoping review

Attention about the risks of online social networks (SNs) has been called upon reports describing their use to express emotional distress and suicidal ideation or plans. On the Internet, cyberbullying, suicide pacts, Internet addiction, and “extreme” communities seem to increase suicidal behavior (SB). In this study, the scientific literature about SBs and SNs was narratively reviewed. Some authors focus on detecting at-risk populations through data mining, identification of risks factors, and web activity patterns. Others describe prevention practices on the Internet, such as websites, screening, and applications. Targeted interventions through SNs are also contemplated when suicidal ideation is present. Multiple predictive models should be defined, implemented, tested, and combined in order to deal with the risk of SB through an effective decision support system. This endeavor might require a reorganization of care for SNs users presenting suicidal ideation.     

Suicidal ideation among individuals whose parents have divorced: findings from a representative Canadian community survey

This study used a large, nationally representative sample to examine the gender-specific association between parental divorce and the cumulative lifetime incidence of suicidal ideation. Known risk factors for suicidal ideation, such as childhood stressors, socioeconomic factors, adult health behaviors and stressors, marital status, and any history of mood and/or anxiety disorders were controlled. Gender-specific analyses revealed that for men, the parental divorce-suicidal ideation relationship remained statistically significant even when the above-listed cluster of risk factors were included in the analyses (odds ratio (OR)=2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.56, 3.58). For women, the association between parental divorce and suicidal ideation was reduced to non-significance when other adverse childhood experiences were included in the analyses (full adjustment OR=1.04, 95% CI=0.72, 1.50). These findings indicate a need for screening of suicidal ideation among individuals, particularly men and those with mood and/or anxiety disorders, who have experienced parental divorce. Future research should focus on the mechanisms linking parental divorce and suicidal ideation.     

Contributors to suicidality in rural communities: beyond the effects of depression

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Rural populations experience a higher suicide rate than urban areas despite their comparable prevalence of depression. This suggests the identification of additional contributors is necessary to improve our understanding of suicide risk in rural regions. Investigating the independent contribution of depression, and the impact of co-existing psychiatric disorders, to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a rural community sample may provide clarification of the role of depression in rural suicidality. METHODS: 618 participants in the Australian Rural Mental Health Study completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, providing assessment of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts, affective disorders, anxiety disorders and substance-use disorders. Logistic regression analyses explored the independent contribution of depression and additional diagnoses to suicidality. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to illustrate the benefit of assessing secondary psychiatric diagnoses when determining suicide risk. RESULTS: Diagnostic criteria for lifetime depressive disorder were met by 28% (174) of the sample; 25% (154) had a history of suicidal ideation. Overall, 41% (63) of participants with lifetime suicidal ideation and 34% (16) of participants with a lifetime suicide attempt had no history of depression. When lifetime depression was controlled for, suicidal ideation was predicted by younger age, being currently unmarried, and lifetime anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition to depression, suicide attempts were predicted by lifetime anxiety and drug use disorders, as well as younger age; being currently married and employed were significant protective factors. The presence of comorbid depression and PTSD significantly increased the odds of reporting a suicide attempt above either of these conditions independently. CONCLUSIONS: While depression contributes significantly to suicidal ideation, and is a key risk factor for suicide attempts, other clinical and demographic factors played an important role in this rural sample. Consideration of the contribution of factors such as substance use and anxiety disorders to suicidal ideation and behaviours may improve our ability to identify individuals at risk of suicide. Acknowledging the contribution of these factors to rural suicide may also result in more effective approaches for the identification and treatment of at-risk individuals.