老年保健干部生活质量调查分析

目的 探讨老年保健干部生活质量现状及影响因素。方法 采用问卷访问和体格检查相结合的方法。对1006例60岁以上的老年保健干部进行了生活质量调查分析。结果 889例（88．4％）有慢性病史,居前2位的是高血压和冠心病,脑卒中是严重影响老年人日常生活功能的重要因素,生活质量观评价,良10．2％,中81．1％,差8．7％.结论 应针对老年保健干部生活中的具体问题采取相应措施,以改善其生活质量。     

深圳市农村老年人生活质量及其影响因素研究

目的 研究农村老年人生活质量及其影响因素。方法 采用问卷访谈的方式，对深圳市宝安区1055名老年人进行调查，评价老年人生活质量现状并采用t检验和方差分析研究其影响因素。结果 老年人生活质量良、中、差分别占24．9％、69．8％和5．3％。女性、丧偶、高龄及有慢性病的老年人生活质量较差。结论 应针对老年人生活质量的现状及其影响因素，制定具体措施，开展社区老年保健工作。     

职业对老年人生活质量的影响

目的比较不同职业老年人群生活质量的差异。方法采用入户访谈方式，对５１９人不同职业离退休老年人的躯体健康、心理卫生和社会角色适应等方面进行调查。结果管理干部和专业人员冠心病的患病率（分别为２３％和２５％）高于一般干部和工人（均为１０％），差异有极显著性（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）；工人牙病患病率（９％）低于其他职业老年人（２９％～４０％），差异有极显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。专业人员的心理卫生健康水平低于其他职业老年人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。男性管理干部社会角色适应能力高于男性工人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论不同职业老年人在三维健康方面存在一定的差异。这种差异的产生与原职业背景有一定的联系。职业是影响老年人生活质量的一个重要的人口社会学特征     

长春市老年群体生活满意度及其影响因素分析

目的：通过评估老年群体生活满意度，了解老人物质生活状态、心身健康水平、生活与行为方式，为提高老年人生活质量提供依据。方法：采用老年人生活满意度量表（LSIA），以及自编的老年人生活满意度影响因素调查表，对长春市不同生活方式271名老年人进行问卷调查，结果：老年人对目前生活满意的占72．73％，显示老年群体总体来说自觉幸福、满意。不同生活方式老年人的满意度，经卡方检验，有显著差异，结论：影响满意度的因素主要为文化构成，经济收入，与子女关系，与配偶关系及团体活动参与程度。     

老年军人生活质量与慢性病关系的研究

目的研究西安地区老年军人慢性病患病情况及其生活质量现况，分析老年性疾病与其生活质量的关系。方法采用分层、整群抽样的方法，对西安地区934名老年军人进行体格检查和使用SF-36量表中文版进行问卷调查。结果老年军人慢性病患病率达98．6％，同时患两种病及以上的占87．3％。慢性病患病率由高到低前7位依次为心脏病、前列腺增生、高血压、白内障、肺气肿或慢性支气管炎、关节炎或风湿病、糖尿病，其患病率分别依次为56．7％，55．6％，50．1％，44．1％，38％，26．7％，17．9％。同时，该人群中生活质量“良”为35．3％、“中”为60．3％、“差”为4．4％。大多数老年慢性病对生活质量有较大的影响，而且。老年人生活质量也会影响疾病的发生、发展和结局。结论老年军人人群的生活质量受到各种疾病的影响，有必要采取综合措施来改善他们的整体健康水平，促进老年军人生活质量不断提高。     

成都地区老年退伍军人高血压现状调查

目的 调查和分析成都地区老年退伍军人群体高血压现状。方法 以定居成都地区参加2001年年度健康体检的1677例老年退伍军人作为研究对象，对这一特殊人群的高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率以及当前血压水平、高血压并发并存病情况、相关因素和生活质量进行调查分析。结果 (1)该人群高血压患病率为57．84％，知晓率为100％，治疗率为98．14％，控制率为62．37％。(2)高血压患者中合并冠心病的占59．89％、并存糖尿病的占28．24％，并发中风史占8．86％，并发慢性肾功能衰竭者占7．8％，都显著高于无高血压组。(3)高血压组的体重指数、腰围、空腹血糖、甘油三脂、尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸及心率等指标均显著高于非高血压组；生活质量评分显著低于非高血压组。结论 成都地区老年退伍军人群体高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率高于一般社区人群，但相关危险因素控制不够理想。     

济宁市老年抑郁情绪的现况及其影响因素的探讨

目的研究济宁市中区和郊区≥60岁老年人抑郁情绪的现况并探讨其影响因素。方法按分层整群抽样法，应用Brink(1982)制定的老年抑郁量表(GeriatricDepressionScale，GDS)和自行编制的生活事件表进行调查。结果老年抑郁情绪的发生率为29．39％，其中女性43．61％，男性23．04％(P＜0．001)，老年抑郁情绪与下列因素密切相关经济收入减少，子女生活状况，邻里关系，健身运动，社会地位变化，丧偶和健康状况。结论在各种负性生活事件刺激下老年人易产生抑郁情绪，减少社会心理应激与加强社会支持对预防老年抑郁情绪将起到重要作用。     

西安市老年人保健行为及生活条件的调查研究

目的 探讨老年人保健行为、生活条件及其影响因素。方法 采用分层整群抽样法，对1811例≥60岁老年人进行入户调查。结果 吸烟、大量饮酒者分别达23．9％、8．3％，以男性、干部及工人居多；1／3老年人不注意锻炼身体；多数老年人不注意健康检查和保健知识学习，以文盲、农民为著。月收少于200元者21．8％，医药费完全自付者61．5％。结论 应完善医疗保障制度，倡导健康的生活方式，改善生活条件，实现健康老龄化。     

济宁市老年抑郁情绪的现况及其影响因素的探讨

目的研究济宁市中区和郊区≥６０岁老年人抑郁情绪的现况并探讨其影响因素。方法按分层整群抽样法，应用Ｂｒｉｎｋ（１９８２）制定的老年抑郁量表（ＧｅｒｉａｔｒｉｃＤｅｐｒｅｓｉｏｎＳｃａｌｅ，ＧＤＳ）和自行编制的生活事件表进行调查。结果老年抑郁情绪的发生率为２９．３９％，其中女性４３．６１％，男性２３．０４％（Ｐ＜０．００１），老年抑郁情绪与下列因素密切相关：经济收入减少，子女生活状况，邻里关系，健身运动，社会地位变化，丧偶和健康状况。结论在各种负性生活事件刺激下老年人易产生抑郁情绪，减少社会心理应激与加强社会支持对预防老年抑郁情绪将起到重要作用。     

92例老年人咯血病因分析

作者分析９２例住院老年人咯血的病因，分老年干部组及普通老年组。结果老年干部组５２例中２７例（５１．９％）咯血病因为肺癌；而普通老年组４０例仅５例（１２．５％）为肺癌（Ｐ＜０．０１）。１５例（２８．９％）老年干部组病人伴有高血压病或冠心病；普通老年组中则仅有４例（１０％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。此结果对于老年干部咯血的诊断及治疗具有一定参考意义。     

Domains and Determinants of Well-Being of Older Adults in India

This study proposes a well-being index of older adults which integrates five domains, namely, activities of daily living, health status, psychological strength, life accomplishment and social ties, and examines potential socio-demographic, living arrangement, lifestyle and religiosity determinants of well-being. The present study uses micro data of 1255 older adults from the recent pilot survey for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted in 2010. The results suggest that normal activities of daily life, health, and social ties decline with advancing age, while life accomplishment remains stable over age. However, when all domains are integrated, well-being tends to fade out with advancing age. While smoking has a deterrent effect on well-being, better economic status, literacy, living in a joint family with spouse, religiosity, and regular physical exercise have a statistically significant positive effect on the well-being of older adults in India.     

The Effects of Functional Health Status on the Everyday Life of Older People in Japan

The effects of functional health status on socio-psychological aspects of everyday life were analysed with data from 2,255 Japanese persons aged 55 years and over. The sample was randomly selected from the residents' registration (response rate was 75.2%). The socio-psychological variables were self-rated health, working status, frequency of going out, leisure activities, social networks, social supports, and subjective well-being. Health status had significant and positive effects on these variables when the effects of age, gender and educational attainment were controlled. The results seem to confirm the notion that health status is the pivotal condition of quality of life in old age and ageing.     

Health-related quality of life in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States: results from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study

PURPOSE: To measure health-related quality of life among adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease; to compare the health-related quality of life of adults with HIV with that of the general population and with patients with other chronic conditions; and to determine the associations of demographic variables and disease severity with health-related quality of life. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 2,864 HIV-infected adults participating in the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, a probability sample of adults with HIV receiving health care in the contiguous United States (excluding military hospitals, prisons, or emergency rooms). A battery of 28 items covering eight domains of health (physical functioning, emotional well-being, role functioning, pain, general health perceptions, social functioning, energy, disability days) was administered. The eight domains were combined into physical and mental health summary scores. SF-36 physical functioning and emotional well-being scales were compared with the US general population and patients with other chronic diseases on a 0 to 100 scale. RESULTS: Physical functioning was about the same for adults with asymptomatic HIV disease as for the US population [mean (+/- SD) of 92+/-16 versus 90+/-17) but was much worse for those with symptomatic HIV disease (76+/-28) or who met criteria for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; 58+/-31). Patients with AIDS had worse physical functioning than those with other chronic diseases (epilepsy, gastroesophageal reflux disease, clinically localized prostate cancer, clinical depression, diabetes) for which comparable data were available. Emotional well-being was comparable among patients with various stages of HIV disease (asymptomatic, 62+/-9; symptomatic, 59+/-11; AIDS, 59+/-11), but was significantly worse than the general population and patients with other chronic diseases except depression. In multivariate analyses, HIV-related symptoms were strongly associated with physical and mental health, whereas race, sex, health insurance status, disease stage, and CD4 count were at most weakly associated with physical and mental health. CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial morbidity associated with HIV disease in adults. The variability in health-related quality of life according to disease progression is relevant for health policy and allocation of resources, and merits the attention of clinicians who treat patients with HIV disease.     

Reason or Result? Subjective Well-Being of the Elderly in Urban Beijing: A Cross-Lagged Panel Regression Analysis

Subjective well being (SWB) is an important index to assess the mental life quality of older adults. The purpose of present study is to investigate the casual relationship between the SWB and related factors by a 20-month follow up study. Seven potential factors were chosen from 2 taxonomies of resources—internal vs. external and physical vs. psychological predictors of subjective well-being in older adults. 170 old people in Beijing were assessed at Time 1 and Time 2. Multivariable cross-lagged panel regression analysis base on SWB, perceived social support, health status and general self-efficacy showed that: no variable at Time 1 can predict SWB at Time 2; on the contrary, SWB at Time 1 can predict the general self-efficacy and perceived social support at Time 2. This finding suggests that subjective well-being perhaps was not a result of related factors but a variable that can predict other mental variables of old adults in the future.     

Factors Associated with Hopelessness and the Role of Social Networks Among Chinese Older Adults

ObjectiveThe levels of hopelessness affect older adults’ physical and mental health. However, there has been a lack of research on the hopelessness among Chinese older adults. The aims of this study were to explore factors associated with hopelessness and the moderating role of social networks among Chinese older adults.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study among older adults (n = 837) from nine communities in Xi’an and Beijing in China, and collected the participants’ levels of hopelessness, demographic information (age and gender), socioeconomic status (marital status, education, monthly income, living status, and alimony), life satisfaction, health information (self-rated health and sleep quality), and quality of social networks.ResultsOf the participants, 61.9% reported different levels of hopelessness symptoms; 71.2% reported poor sleep quality, and 21.1% reported low levels of social networks. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that marital status, monthly income, alimony, life satisfaction, and sleep quality were significantly associated with hopelessness. A PROCESS analysis demonstrated that social networks played a moderating role in the relationship between sleep quality and hopelessness.ConclusionChinese older adults who had no spouse, had lower incomes, and were dissatisfied with life were more likely to have higher levels of hopelessness. Furthermore, older adults who did not receive financial support from their children reported higher levels of hopelessness. In addition, the worse the sleep quality the higher levels of hopelessness in older adults. However, high levels of social networks could weaken the negative effect of sleep quality on hopelessness.     

Factors associated with health-related quality of life in chronic pancreatitis

OBJECTIVES: Chronic pancreatitis may lead to considerable reduction in health-related quality of life, but factors associated with a poor perceived health status have not been investigated. METHODS: We recruited 265 patients with chronic pancreatitis from a tertiary care gastroenterology clinic. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-36 Health Survey. Data were compared with age- and gender-adjusted values from the German general population (6964 adults). Factors associated with poor perceived health status were identified by logistic regression. RESULTS: All domains of health-related quality of life were reduced in chronic pancreatitis. Decrements were most pronounced in role limitations caused by physical (-25%) and emotional health problems (-15%), and general health perceptions (-19%). Severity of abdominal pain, chronic pancreatic diarrhea, low body weight, and loss of work independently contributed to the physical component score of the Short Form-36 (adjusted R2= 33.8%) and were the factors most closely associated with poor health status perception. The etiology and duration of the disease or changes in pancreatic morphology had no impact on health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic pancreatitis experience substantial impairments in health-related quality of life. The severity of chronic pancreatitis-related symptoms is directly associated with patient function and well-being. These data offer further insight into the impact of chronic pancreatitis on patient health status and may serve as the basis for the development of disease-specific instruments, which are needed to measure the effect of therapeutic interventions on patient-derived health outcomes.     

Contributions of Psychological Well-Being and Social Support to an Integrative Model of Subjective Health in Later Adulthood

This study examined the contributions of psychological well-being and social support to an integrative model of subjective health among older adults. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model of subjective health which included age, education, physical health problems, functional status, psychological well-being and social support. Partial support for the model was found. Psychological well-being had both a direct effect on subjective health and an indirect effect mediated by physical health problems. Social support had an indirect association with subjective health via its effect on psychological well-being. Functional status had only a weak effect on subjective health. Longitudinal data at a six-year interval revealed the same direct and/or indirect effects of these variables on subjective health. This study sheds light on how psychological and social resources are linked with subjective health in later adulthood.     

长沙市区企业老年职工生活质量评价

对555例60岁以上老年企业职工采用中华老年医学学会流行病学组“老年生活质量调查问卷”进行调查检测，所得资料通过多元逐步回归分析作出评价．结果表明，其生活质量（QOL）在中等以上者主、客观评价分别占87.9％和90.8％（P＞0.05）；共同影响因素依次为；身体健康、日常生活功能、经济收入、生活满意度和精神心理．评分低者突出身体健康与经济收入，两者互为因果，且忽视精神心理、生活习惯和社会交往．通过分析，肯定QOL评价的现实意义，提出普及健康教育和心理卫生指导，通过建立合理的生活方式以促进健康，提高QOL．     

Subjective well-being among the old-old: the role of health, personality and social support

The purpose of this study was to devise and test a path model that explains how background variables, physical capacity, and psychosocial resources (locus of control and social network supportiveness) affect three well-being outcome measures--self-rated health, mental health, and life satisfaction--among the old-old in Israel. A sample of European-born persons aged seventy-five and over, drawn randomly from the population registry in the greater Tel Aviv area, was administered a structured questionnaire in personal interviews (N=194). The findings confirm that the relationship between background variables, physical capacity and well-being is differentially mediated by the psychosocial resources, with different variable combinations predicting each of the respective facets of well-being. Moreover, the relative strength of the relationships between locus of control and social network supportiveness and well-being indicate that among the old-old, personality factors may be more consequential than social resources for one's well-being.