Radial head fractures and their effect on the distal radioulnar joint. A rationale for treatment.

Nineteen patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation for radial head fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed to avoid radial head excision and the possible development of distal radioulnar joint dysfunction. Follow-up observation, which averaged 11.7 months, revealed that no patient developed wrist pain. Range of motion of the elbow and forearm was found to be complete in 14 patients and minimally restricted in four. Fourteen patients were pain free with full activity, and four had mild to moderate pain after heavy labor. One patient subsequently required radial head excision. Based on these findings and the authors continued disappointment with treatment of distal radioulnar joint dysfunction caused by proximal radial migration after radial head excision, the authors recommend early open reduction and internal fixation of all displaced or angulated radial head fractures.     

下尺桡脱位合并桡骨头脱位的诊断与治疗

目的探讨下尺桡脱位合并桡骨头脱位的的诊断和治疗。方法本文报道的2个典型病例,一例是下尺桡背侧脱位同时合并桡骨头后脱位,另一例是下尺桡掌侧脱位合并桡骨头前脱位,均不合并尺桡骨干的骨折。用单纯桡骨头脱位或下尺桡脱位的机制不能很好地解释。对于急性损伤,应先在麻醉下试行闭合复位,如不成功可考虑切开复位。结果根据目前研究,“绞锁损伤”的机制能比较好得解释这种损伤,骨间膜在前臂两骨之间起到一个“枢轴”的作用。早期诊断和治疗能达到良好的效果。结论早期诊断和早期复位固定非常重要,需要和孟氏骨折、盖氏骨折或Essex—Lopresti损伤等相鉴别。     

青年桡骨远端陈旧性骨折继发下尺桡关节重度脱位的手术治疗

目的 探讨青年桡骨远端陈旧性骨折继发下尺桡关节重度脱位的手术治疗方法.方法 采用短缩尺骨、重建下尺桡关节法,对7例桡骨陈旧性骨折、短缩,下尺桡关节重度脱位患者进行治疗.术后对患者腕关节外形、功能进行随访.结果 所有患者外形恢复良好,功能评价优6例,良1例.结论 短缩尺骨、重建下尺桡关节法是治疗桡骨陈旧性骨折、短缩,下尺桡重度脱位的有效方法.     

The Essex-Lopresti lesion: a variant with a bony distal radioulnar joint injury

The Essex-Lopresti lesion is an unusual injury, consisting of a radial head or neck fracture, distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) injury and interosseous membrane rupture. To date, all reported Essex-Lopresti lesions have consisted of soft tissue injuries at the DRUJ. We present a case of an Essex-Lopresti lesion with a bony variant, in which the DRUJ injury consisted of an ulnar head fracture associated with radial head fracture and acute proximal migration of the radius. The management involved plating of the ulnar head fracture and titanium replacement of the radial head.     

Radial head dislocation with acute plastic bowing of the ulna

Five radial head dislocations with acute plastic bowing of the ulna in patients aged 6–12 years were reviewed. Closed reduction was successful in two, and open reduction was required in three patients in whom treatment was started more than 2 weeks after injury. In one child who presented 2 months after injury, realignment by osteotomy of the ulna as well as open reduction of the radial head was necessary. Follow-up evaluations at 6–24 months revealed good clinical outcomes in all patients. Awareness of this type of radial head dislocation is important to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.     

Irreducible dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint

Although dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint is commonplace in association with fractures of the radial shaft, irreducible dislocation has previously been considered to be rare. In the only three previously reported cases the tendon of the extensor carpi ulnaris blocked reduction of the distal radioulnar joint in Galeazzi injuries. The cases presented in this report show that other tendons may be involved, and that the injury may occur even when the ulna is broken. It is likely that the injury described is more common than is realized and is usually overlooked.     

急性桡尺远侧关节脱位的诊治分析

目的:探讨急性桡尺远侧关节脱位的临床特点和治疗方法。方法:桡尺远侧关节脱位患者23例,其中男13例,女10例;年龄28~56岁,平均41岁。Galeazzi骨折18例,单纯桡尺远侧关节脱位5例。尺骨头向掌侧脱位13例,向背侧脱位10例。急性桡尺远侧关节脱位行手法复位,应用克氏针和(或)空心拉力螺钉固定。结果:23例术后随访6~32个月,平均22个月。18例腕痛消失,5例有轻微疼痛及不适。腕关节掌屈(53°±5°),为健侧的(81.5%±5.0%);背伸(51°±8°),为健侧的(83.6%±7.0%);桡偏(13°±4°),为健侧的(76.5%±5.0%);尺偏(27°±6°),为健侧的(77.1%±8.0%);前臂旋前(78°±6°),为健侧的(88.6%±8.0%);旋后(80°±7°),为健侧的(88.8%±7.0%);握力和捏力分别达健侧的(87.5%±6.0%)和(92.0%±7.0%)。20例恢复了原工作,3例改为轻工作。结论:桡尺远侧关节脱位常合并其他损伤,应用空心拉力螺钉或克氏针是治疗急性远侧桡尺关节脱位有效方法之一。     

Traumatic volar dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint

Isolated volar dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint may result from a variety of injuries. This injury is incorrectly diagnosed in approximately 50% of presented cases. A case of volar dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint by traumatic hypersupination is presented. The clinical diagnosis may be hindered by marked swelling, pain, and limitation of motion of the wrist. Dislocation can be diagnosed by accurately obtained anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms. Closed reduction with direct pressure over the ulnar head from a volar to dorsal direction and simultaneous distraction of the wrist is the preferred method of treatment.     

Radial head fractures

Radial head fractures are the commonest fractures in the elbow. They are often associated with other injuries: ligamentous, cartilaginous or other fractures. Associated injuries are important determinant of the management of the radial head fracture. These should be carefully looked for, diagnosed and treated. The original Mason classification for this fracture has been modified to include the associated injuries and their treatment. CT scan is a helpful diagnostic tool and should be used if available.Radial head fractures can be treated either conservatively or operatively (by excision, open reduction and internal fixation or prosthetic replacement). Undisplaced or minimally displaced fractures should be treated non-operatively. Internal fixation by headless cannulated screws is the preferred treatment for displaced fractures. It provides satisfactory biomechanical stability, can be done through a smaller incision, has less complications and lesser requirement of later removal of screws. Small number of fractures with comminution of neck would require plate fixation. Unfixable fractures in elderly can be treated by excision while such fractures in younger population or associated with significant soft tissue or bony injuries would require prosthetic replacement.     

Radial head fractures

Radial head fractures are the most common adult elbow fracture. Our ability to treat these fractures has improved with increased understanding of elbow biomechanics. Based on fracture type, possible treatment includes nonoperative management, open reduction and internal fixation, radial head resection, and replacement arthroplasty. Management and operative technique are discussed.     

Recurrent palmar dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. A case report

Recurrent palmar dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint is not a common injury. We report one case in a 73-year-old female. This injury was incorrectly diagnosed at the first presentation because there has been no distinct deformity at the wrist and extension-flexion was normal. The need for proper physical examination and accurate radiographic positioning is stressed. Distal diaphysis resection combined with distal radioulnar arthrodesis (modified Sauve-Kapandji procedure) was the preferred method of treatment in an old patient. Two years after the injury, the patient was asymptomatic.