THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS IN DIABETIC CHINESE

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of non-surgical treatment on diabetic Chinese with chronic periodontitis. Methods Moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis (CP) was studied in 36 diabetes mellitus （DM) patients ctassified as 20 with hihg and fluctuating blood glucose level (DM-H) and 16 with relatively low and stable blood glucose level (DM-L). 28 non-DM CP patients acted as controls (Non-DM). Plaque index (PII), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss ( AL ) of all patients were recorded at 6 sites on each tooth at the baseline and 1,3 and 6 months after oral hygiene instruction ( OHI) , scaling and root planing. Results It was found that the short-term effect of non-surgical periodontal procedure had resulted in significant resolution of gingival inflammation and pronounced reduction in pocket depth and gain of attachment loss in both DM and Non-DM CP patients. Conclusion The pilot study suggested that non-surgical periodontal treatment allowed for favorable treatment responses in a group of Chinese diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis and that their various profiles of blood glucose did not influence the short-term healing response to OHI, scaling and root planning.     

EXPRESSION OF HLA-CLASS Ⅱ GENESOF IDDM PATIENTS ON THE SURFACE OF THE LTK- CELLS

To investigate the function of HLA-class Ⅱ genes in the autoimmune response of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(DDM),the HLA-class Ⅱ gene of IDDM patients was introd uced into Ltk^-cells with pSV2-neo plas-mid,using the calcium phosphate precipitation technique.We obtained a stable cell line expressing the HLA-class Ⅱ gene from lymphocytes of IDDM patients.Expression was identified by direct ox erythocyte-CrCl3-HLA DR monoclonal antibody rosetting.     

DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF GENES IN OMENTAL FAT OF NORMAL WEIGHT AND OBESE SUBJECTS AND OBESE DIABETIC PATIENTS USING eDNA MICROARRAY

Objective To identify genes differentially expressed in omental fat of normal weight subjects, obese subjects and obese diabetic patients. Methods Using a high-density cDNA microarray, gene expression profile of omental fat from normal weigh subjects, obese subjects and obese diabetic patients were compared Results Totally, 119 and 257 genes were up-regulated in obese subjects and obese diabetic patients respectively, while 46 and 58 genes were down-regulated. A total of 77 genes, including PDK4 , which switched from carbohydrate to fatty acids as the primary source of fuel, were up-regulated in both obese and obese diabetic patients, while 8 genes, including key enzymes in lipid synthesis, such as HMG-CoA synthase, fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, were down-regulated in both groups. Tyrosine-3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein θ（ YWHAZ） , a negative regulator for insulin signal transduction, was up-regulated only in obese diabetic patient, but not in normal-glycemic obese subjects. Conclusion The study demonstrated that decrease of lipogenesis along with increase of fatty acids oxidation of adipose tissue could be a common cause of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes, while block of insulin signal transduction may trigger the transition from obesity to diabetes. Further exploration of these genes will be useful in the understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes.     

STUDY ON HEMODYNAMICS OF ERECTION IN DIABETICEREC TILE DYSFUNCTION

Objective To study the cavernosa hemodynamics in diabetic erectile dysfunction ( ED).Methods 22 diabetic and 35 psychic ED patients were studied by intracavernosum injection of a mixture papaver-ine and phentolamine (30/1mg) to assess the hemodynamics changes of the corpus cavernosum by means of colour duplex ultrasonography. Results The average hemodynamics data of the diabetic ED patients vs that of the psy-chogenic ED patients in terms of peak flow velocity (PFV):20. 06±7.15cm/s vs 35. 82±9. 41cm/s, end diastolic velocity (EDV) : 8. 82±0. 35cm/s vs 5. 51±0. 42cm/s,artery diameter (Ad) : 0. 78±0. 25cm vs 1. 01±0. 42cm, vein diameter ( Vd) : 1.05±0. 32mm vs 1.21±0. 45mm, resistance index(RI) : 0. 72±0. 28 vs 0. 98±0. 31,mean velocity of artery (MV):6. 71±0. 27cm/s vs 10. 31±3. 32cm/s, dorsal deep vein flow(DDVF) : 28. 81±6. 32cm/ s vs 25. 74±0. 58cm/s. Stasticstical differences existed in PFV, Ad,RI and MV(P <0. 01). The arterial wall is thick and rigid in diabetic ED patients. Conclusion     

EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISMS ON SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

TYPE1diabetes mellitus ( T1DM) is now be-lieved to be an autoimmune disease mediatedmainly by autoreactive T cells·It is widely regar-ded that both genetic and environmental factors contributeto the immune pathogenesis of T1DM·Recently, it hasbeen found…     

AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF THE PANCREATIC ISLETS

On the base of the one-step, oparator-independent method which was set up by Christophe A. E., the pancreas was infused with cold University of Wisconsin(UW) solution for the preservation, digested hy the collagenase P, circuited with HBSS 5?tal calf serum(FCS) 10mmol/L Hepes solution, and separated with the stainless steel mesh. The number of the collected islets were 400 000～1 800 000 per pancreas,i.e. about 12 150/g pancreas. After purification, the recovery was 350 000～l 700 000 per pancreas, i, e.about 10 250/g pancreas, the recovery rate was above 80%, and the purity of the final preparation was above 95%. The insnlin secretion in the response to the high concentration glucose (22mmol/L) stimulation was apparently different on the 1,3,5 day of the cultural islets, which the high level of insulin was three times the low level (5.5mmol/L) on the 5th day, and the insulin level of the double stimulation under perfusion conditions is apparently higher than low glucose, The result demonstrated that the purified islets were functionally alive. Histological studies also sllow that the shape of islets are complete, and the β-cell was specially stained by the dithizone (DTZ). The Trypan Blue staining had shown the living cell was above 90%. In conclusion, the new method was highly practical and yielded higher concentration of active pancreatic islets.     

RELATION OF HYPERTENSION TO DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH NONINSULIN—DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS—A PAIR—MATCHED CASE—CONTROL STUDY

INTRODUCTIONNon－insulin－dependentdiabetesmellitus（NIDDM）constitutesabout８５％ofallcasesofdiabetesindevel－opedcountriesandithasnowreachedepidemicpropor－tionsinmanydevelopingnations，aswellasindisad－vantagedgroupsindevelopedcountries．Asoneofthemost     

EFFECTS OF GLUCAGON ON ISLET β CELL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective To evaluate islet β cell response to intravenous glucagon(a non-glucose secretagogue)stimulation in diabetes mellitus.Methods Nineteen patients with type 1 diabetes(T1D)and 131 patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D)were recruited in this study.T2D patients were divided into two groups according to therapy:36 cases treated with insulin and 95 cases treated with diet or oral therapy.The serum C-peptide levels were determined at fasting and six minutes after intravenous injection of 1 mg of glucagon.Results Both fasting and 6-minute post-glucagon-stimulated C-peptide levels in T1D patients were significantly lower than those of T2D patients(0.76±0.36 ng/mL vs.1.81±0.78 ng/mL,P<0.05;0.88±0.42 ng/mL vs.3.68±0.98 ng/mL,P<0.05).In T1D patients,the C-peptide level after injection of glucagon was similar to the fasting level.In T2D,patients treated with diet or oral drug had a significantly greater fasting and stimulated C-peptide level than those patients received insulin therapy(2.45±0.93 ng/mL vs.1.61±0.68 ng/mL,P<0.05;5.26±1.24 ng/mL vs.2.15±0.76 ng/mL,P<0.05).The serum C-peptide level after glucagon stimulation was positively correlated with C-peptide levels at fasting in all three groups(r=0.76,P<0.05).Conclusions The 6-minute glucagon test is valuable in assessing the function of islet β cell in patients with diabetes mellitus.It is helpful for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.     

CHANGES OF NAILFOLD MICROCIRCULATION IN PATIENTS OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Objective.To study the changes of microcirculation in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods.Examination were performed in 153 cases of type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus, among them,72 cases were male,81 cases were female,mean age 57.0±10.0 years, mean disease course 8.2±7.5 years.All cases were examined fundi by ophthalmologist,urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE)in 24 hours was measured by radioimmunoassay.Moreover,we examined the blood glucose,blood pressure,blood viscosity and observed the changes of naifold microcirculation.Results.It was found that there were more evident disturbance of microcirculation,markedly slowed velocity of blood flow(P＜0.05),significantly increased aggregation of blood cells(P＜0.05)and exudation around the loop(P＜0.05)in the group with DR,compared with the group without DR.Conclusion.It was more evident disturbance of nailfold microcirculation in patients with diabetic retinopathy.     

2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者检测HCY和血流变学指标的意义

目的:观察2型糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者同型半胱氨酸(HCY)和血流变学指标的变化,探讨其与DR的关系。方法:根据眼底镜检查或眼底照相结果将60例2型糖尿病患者分为单纯糖尿病(SDM)组26例和DR组24例,24例体检健康者作为正常对照组,测定并比较各组HCY和血流变学指标全血黏度、血浆黏度及红细胞压积。结果:正常对照组HCY、全血黏度、血浆黏度及红细胞压积显著低于SDM组和DR组(P<0.05);DR组HCY、全血黏度、血浆黏度及红细胞压积显著高于SDM组(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病患者普遍存在HCY、血液流变性异常,糖尿病视网膜病变患者的变化更明显,检测糖尿病患者HCY、血流变学指标的变化,有助于早期发现2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变。     

甲襞微循环检测在糖尿病视网膜病变筛查中的应用研究

目的 研究甲襞微循环与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的相关性,评价甲襞微循环检测作为DR筛查新方法的敏感度和特异度.方法 选择在我院就诊的2型糖尿病患者80例,对患者进行直接检眼镜、45°眼底照相、眼底荧光素血管造影(FFA)和甲襞微循环状态检查,评价以上筛查方法与DR分期的相关性、敏感度和特异度.结果 甲襞微循环加权积分值重度异常组合并DR者明显高于轻、中度异常组,有差异性(P＜0.05);中度异常组合并DR者高于轻度异常组,但无差异性(P＞0.05).非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者(NPDR)甲襞微循环各项积分值,除形态积分无差异外(P＞0.05),微血管的血液流态和襻周状态积分增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)均高于NPDR(P＜0.05),并且PDR组细胞聚集度,襻周渗出和襻周出血均与NPDR组有差异性(P＜0.05).结论 DR与甲襞微循环改变显著相关,甲襞微循环检测是一个很实用的筛查新方法.     

2型糖尿病视网膜病变与血液流变学相关性分析

目的：探讨糖尿病视网膜病变患者血液流变学指标的变化。方法：将2型糖尿病（DM）患者按有无视网膜病变分为糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）组、糖尿病无视网膜病变（NDR）,与正常对照组对比,比较其血液流变学的变化。结果：DR组、NDR组血液黏度、红细胞聚集指数等指标均高于正常对照组,这些变化在DR组患者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：DR的发生发展可能与血液流学异常所致的微循环功能障碍有关。     

半胱氨酸、高敏C反应蛋白在2型糖尿病合并视网膜病变中的变化分析

目的:根据2型糖尿病视网膜的病变特点,分析半胱氨酸(Hcy)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的变化及其临床意义。方法:选取153例糖尿病患者为研究对象,根据视网膜病变情况分为糖尿病无视网膜病变组(105例),背景期DR组(27例),增殖期DR组(21例),并选取同期体检的正常人群为对照组(30例)。记录病程,比较各组人群血糖值、hs-CRP、Hcy,分析其临床意义。结果:随着眼底病变的进展,背景期DR组、增殖期DR组FPG、hs-CRP、Hcy均显著高于对照组或糖尿病无视网膜病变组(P<0.05),随着糖尿病的进展,背景期DR患者已经出现Hcy、hs-CRP水平的升高,显著高于正常人群;而在增殖期DR患者中上述指标升高更为明显,已明显高于无视网膜病变的糖尿病患者(P<0.05)。糖尿病视网膜病变患者Hcy与hs-CRP呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者Hcy、hs-CRP均显著高于正常人群,在增殖期DR患者中上述指标的异常更为明显,联合检测可更全面评估2型糖尿病视网膜病变的程度。     

血脂异常与2型糖尿病视网膜病变的关系探讨

目的:探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)与血脂的关系。方法:将109例2型糖尿病患者按照有无糖尿病视网膜病变分为无视网膜病变(NDR)组56例,有视网膜病变(DR)组53例,DR组进一步分为背景型糖尿病视网膜病变(BDR)组38例和增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)组15例,检测患者甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)水平,分析各组间上述指标的变化。结果:DR组患者病程、血清TG、TC、LDL-C、HbA1c水平显著高于NDR组(P<0.05);PDR组病程、血清TG、TC、LDL-C、HbA1c水平也显著高于BDR组(P<0.05)。结论:DR的发生发展与血脂异常相关,检测血脂及治疗血脂异常对防止DR的发生发展有益。     

血脂代谢异常与糖尿病视网膜病变及糖尿病肾病的关系

目的 探讨糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病肾病与血脂血糖及胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法 随机选择160例2型糖尿病患者,按有无视网膜病变及糖尿病肾病分为DR组、DN组、DR合并DN组,非DN、DR组,检测血脂、脂蛋白、糖基化血红蛋白、胰岛素水平并进行分析总结.结果 DR组,DN组,DR合并DN组分别与非DN、DR组比较血清总胆固醇(Tch)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(APO-B)明显增高(P＜0.05),血高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A(APO-A)明显下降(P＜0.05);HbA1C明显增高(P＜0.05).DR合并DN组与非DR、DN组比较,TG显著增高(P＜0.01),胰岛素抵抗指数有差异(P＜0.01).结论 血脂代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗,影响着DN、DR的发生发展;反之,DN、DR的发生发展也促进血脂代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗的发生发展.因此,糖尿病患者应严格控制血糖、血脂水平.     

血糖漂移与2型糖尿病视网膜病变发生的相关性

目的探讨血糖漂移与2型糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)发生的关系。方法对138例2型糖尿病患者根据眼底摄片结果分为无视网膜病变组(NDR)和糖尿病视网膜病变组(DR)。比较两组年龄、糖尿病病程、血压、空腹血糖、餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、尿白蛋白/肌酐、甘油三酯、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹C肽的水平。同时对两组患者进行连续72 h的动态血糖监测,观察两组间血糖波动指标的差异。最后采用Logistic回归分析DR与各因素的相关性。结果两组间患者的年龄、病程、平均血糖水平、日内平均血糖漂移幅度的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),Logistic分析结果显糖尿病病程、日内平均血糖漂移幅度是DR的独立危险因素(P<0.01),但平均血糖水平是否为其独立危险因素尚不能确定(P=0.05)。结论糖尿病病程、日内平均血糖漂移幅度是2型糖尿病患者发生DR的独立危险因素,血糖波动可加剧DR病变进展,应及早干预。     

2型糖尿病患者糖尿病视网膜病变和脂联素的相关性分析

 目的  探讨血清脂联素水平与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的相关性。方法  收集T2DM住院患者165例,根据眼底检查分为正常眼底(non-DR,NDR)组83例和DRP组82例,同期正常健康人群82例作为正常对照(normal control,NC)组。收集病史并检测各组血清中脂联素水平及相关生化指标。结果  与NC组比较,NDR组和DR组糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、血肌酐、胱抑素C明显升高 (P<0.05),血清脂联素水平明显下降 (P<0.05)。与NDR组比较,DR组血清脂联素水平明显下降,病程、胱抑素C、餐后2小时血糖升高明显 (P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归结果显示低血清脂联素水平及糖尿病病程是T2DM合并视网膜病变的危险因素。结论  血清脂联素水平与T2DM合并视网膜病变呈负相关。     

糖尿病视网膜病变与血液流变学和血脂关系的观察

检查86例糖尿病的血液流变学和血脂，结果糖尿病视网膜病变组（DR组）比无视网膜病变组（DM组）血流变有4项显著升高（P＜0．05－0．001），总胆固醇及甘油三酯亦增加．DR组比对照组（C组）血流变有8项显著升高（P＜0.01－0.001），总胆固醇及甘油三酯亦显著升高（P＜0.01），表明本病呈高粘滞血症及高脂血症，并讨论对本病的影响和治疗上应给以相应措施．