冠状动脉钙化的研究进展

冠状动脉钙化（CAC）是动脉粥样硬化的特异性标志,也是粥样斑块负荷程度的标志。冠脉钙化程度与冠脉管腔狭窄程度存在一定相关性,冠脉钙化对心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率具有独立影响。随着各种无创心血管检查技术的进步,冠状动脉钙化的检测和度量更为精确可靠,因此,对冠状动脉钙化的研究有利于早期针对亚临床动脉粥样硬化的干预。     

Woven right coronary artery: A rare coronary anomaly

Woven coronary artery is an extremely rare anomaly in which epicardial coronary arteries divided into thin tunnel-like channels. WCA is thought to be a benign condition, however, it was associated with myocardial infarction and ischemia in some case reports. We present a 61-year-old male patient with woven right coronary artery.     

Rare case of coronary to pulmonary vein fistula with coronary steal phenomenon

Coronary artery fistulas are abnormal connections between coronary artery territories and cardiac chambers or major vessels,most of them are congenital.Patients with coronary artery fistula can be asymptomatic or present with different symptoms like angina.Cardiac computed tomography(CT)is one of the best modalities for diagnosis.We present an elderly patient that presented with angina symptoms,non invasive stress test was positive for ischemic heart disease,coronary angiogram could not reveal any obstructive lesions,but an abnormal branch of the left descending coronary artery(LAD),cardiac CT showed fistula that connect left anterior descending coronary artery to left superior pulmonary vein.Our case is extremely rare as most of the reported cases were fistulas between LAD and pulmonary artery,but in our case the fistula between LAD and left superior pulmonary vein.In addition,our patients’symptoms resolved with anti-ischemic medical treatment without any surgical intervention.     

Robotic coronary artery bypass for aberrant right coronary artery stenosis

Anomalous coronary arteries that course between the aorta and pulmonary artery are subject to compressive forces and can manifest angina, myocardial infarction and sudden death. The current report presents a young, female patient who presented with a short duration of severe, rapidly progressive angina despite optimal medical therapy. Combined computed tomography and myocardial perfusion scanning identified an anomalous dominant right coronary artery that appeared kinked at its origin between the aorta and main pulmonary artery. A robot-assisted right internal thoracic artery to right coronary artery bypass was performed, which was confirmed to be widely patent (FitzGibbon grade A) on routine intraoperative angiography. The procedure completely resolved the patient's angina symptoms.     

The use of coronary artery calcium scanning in detection and risk stratification of coronary artery disease

Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan can be obtained using chest computed tomography, with no use of contrast agents, and with a relatively low radiation exposure. The mere absence of calcium is associated with a good prognosis in asymptomatic subjects and in patients at low to medium risk of coronary artery disease. CAC can be quantified in different ways, with higher scores being associated with a higher cardiovascular risk. CAC carries both diagnostic and prognostic information over and above that determined by classical risk factors. This paper presents the overview of the current use of CAC scanning, its advantages and limitations, as well as potential future applications.     

冠状动脉造影中冠状动脉先天性变异的分析

目的:分析冠状动脉先天性变异的冠状动脉造影表现,探讨冠状动脉造影的诊断价值。方法:2003年1月～2007年12月在武汉钢铁公司总医院行冠状动脉造影的患者900例,对其结果进行回顾性分析。结果:共检出67例冠状动脉先天性变异,检出率为7.44%。其中检出冠状动脉瘘9例,检出率为1.00%,并以冠状动脉-右心室瘘最为多见。12例为冠状动脉起源和分布异常,占1.33%,并以右冠状动脉的先天性变异为多见。检出冠状动脉心肌桥(壁冠状动脉)46例,检出率为5.11%,并以左前降支心肌桥多见。结论:冠状动脉先天性变异的临床症状和体征多不典型或缺如,冠状动脉造影是确诊各种冠状动脉先天性变异的重要手段。     

95例拟诊冠心病心绞痛患者冠状动脉造影分析

目的:总结95例临床拟诊冠心病心绞痛患者的冠状动脉造影结果,分析其临床症状及其心电图ST-T改变与冠状动脉造影确诊冠心病的相关性。方法:从发作性胸痛、胸闷为主诉或伴心电图ST-T改变的患者中,筛选出符合或疑似心绞痛,并经心脏超声、胸片检查排除了其他心脏病患者95例,其中典型心绞痛36例;疑似心绞痛的非典型胸痛59例;伴有ST-T改变者87例(缺血型改变25例、非特异性改变62例)。分别接受选择性冠状动脉造影。血管内径狭窄≥50%为造影阳性,诊断冠心病的依据。结果:95例患者造影阳性的45例,其中36例典型心绞痛造影者阳性34例(伴ST-T典型缺血型改变23例、非特异性改变者10例、无改者1例),阳性率94.44%;59例非典型胸痛造影阳性11例(伴非特异性ST-T改变),阳性率18.64%。两组阳性率有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:典型心绞痛患者冠脉造影诊断冠心病相关性高,非典型胸痛或心电图非特异性ST-T改变患者冠脉造影诊断冠心病阳性率低。     

血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变中的临床应用

因冠状动脉复杂病变或经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）并发内膜夹层12例，成功植入冠状动脉支架（CS）17支，取得显著临床效果，且并发症少。初步结果提示，冠心病介入治疗中选择性应用CS，有益于PTCA后急性并发症的防治，亦可减少冠状动脉再狭窄的形成。     

70岁及以上老年患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的　探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)在 70岁及以上 (≥ 70岁 )老年冠心病患者施行的可行性和优越性。　方法　回顾性分析≥ 70岁患者 6 3例及 70岁以下 (<70岁 )患者197例施行OPCAB的临床资料。≥ 70岁组术前有脑血管病史和慢性阻塞性肺病史的比例大于 <70岁组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其余相关因素差异无显著性。　结果　≥ 70岁组和 <70岁组平均远端吻合口数目分别为 (3 5± 0 9)个和 (3 4± 0 8)个 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。≥ 70岁组采用动脉桥的比例明显少于 70以下组 (分别占 12 7%及 5 2 3% ,P <0 0 1) ,监护时间大于 72h和机械通气大于 12h的比例 ,≥70岁组明显增多 (P <0 0 5 )。≥ 70岁组输血比例明显大于 <70岁组 (P <0 0 5 )。 2组死亡率分别为1 6 %和 1 0 % ,差异无显著性。心律失常的发生 ,≥ 70岁组明显多于 <70岁组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其余并发症差异无显著性。　结论　OPCAB手术对于≥ 70岁老年冠心病患者同样安全可行 ,临床效果好     

老年人冠状动脉疾病的外科治疗

目的探讨老年人冠状动脉疾病外科治疗的疗效。方法３５例老年患者接受了冠状动脉旁路移植术。按ＮＹＨＡ心功能分级,Ⅲ级１７例,Ⅳ级１８例。其中３支血管病变２４例,左主干病变６例;左室射血分数小于５０％者２５例。结果人均移植血管３．１根,无手术死亡。术后所有患者心绞痛均消失,心功能恢复至Ⅰ级者３３例,Ⅱ级２例。随访３～６４个月,平均３７个月,无死亡。结论对于老年冠状动脉疾病患者,冠状动脉旁路移植术是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术围手术期的处理

目的:研究伴冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)围手术期的处理。方法:以2000年1月至2006年5月的189例冠心病行CABG患者为研究对象,按是否同时合并有糖尿病分为糖尿病组(56例)和无糖尿病组(133例),对比两组临床特点,搭桥支数,术后处理及术后并发症。结果:冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠脉病变广泛而严重(P<0.01),搭桥4支的比例明显高于非糖尿病组(56.3%∶19.63%,P<0.01)),术后并发症的发生率明显高于非糖尿病例组(P<0.01)。结论:冠心病合并糖尿病患者较无糖尿病患者冠脉病变更加严重,合并症更多,需认真、积极对待。     

经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉介入术的对照研究

目的比较经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉造影术(coronaryangiography,CAG)和经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneouscoronaryintervention,PCI)的优缺点。方法2005年1月～2005年8月行CAG和(或)PCI患者231例,按途径分为2组,桡动脉组111例,股动脉组120例。比较两组手术成功率、并发症发生率、手术操作时间和住院时间。结果手术成功率:桡动脉组97.3%,股动脉组96.7%,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);血管相关并发症发生率:桡动脉组1.8%,股动脉组17.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);CAG操作时间:桡动脉组(19±5)min,股动脉组(17±4)min,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);PCI操作时间:桡动脉组(56±8)min,股动脉组(56±12)min,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);住院时间:桡动脉组(2.1±1.3)日,股动脉组(3.7±0.8)日,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与股动脉途径比较,经桡动脉途径行CAG和(或)PCI,并发症少,住院时间短,费用低,患者舒适度高,值得推广应用。     

冠心病患者心电图和冠脉CT检查结果分析

目的探讨冠心病患者心电图和冠脉CT检查的相关性及其临床意义。方法对诊断明确的冠心病患者行心电图和冠脉CT检查,分析其相关性。结果心电图检查均有ST—T改变者,冠脉CT9例有血管病变,血管狭窄程度为50％-70％,1例为冠状动脉血管均纤细（各支血管管腔内未见斑块形成和血管狭窄）,6例为冠状动脉前降支肌桥。结论心电图和冠脉CT检查均可作为判定病变程度的重要指标。     

EXCEL支架在冠状动脉分叉病变应用的研究

目的:探讨EXCEL雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的安全性和有效性。方法:共56例病人有57处冠状动脉真性分叉病变(其中前降支/对角支30例,左回旋支/钝缘支17例,右冠脉/后降支8例,前降支/回旋支1例)接受主支血管EXCEL雷帕霉素洗脱支架和分支血管球囊扩张术,回顾性分析其结果。结果:手术即刻成功率100%,住院期间无主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生。6~18个月随访[临床随访率100%,造影随访38例(67.9%)]结果显示:MACE发生1例(1.8%,1/56),为造影证实的支架内再狭窄70%,并实施了再次PCI。造影再狭窄率为5.3%(2/38)。结论:EXCEL雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉分叉病变安全,有效。     

Single coronary artery, anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left anterior descending artery

We present a patient with an abnormal origin of the right coronaryartery from the left anterior descending artery. The patienthad chest pain probably related to myocardial ischaemia. Thisanomaly is very rare and has previously been reported in onlythree cases. The abnormal vessel travelled rightwards and remainedanterior to the main pulmonary artery, it was free of significantstenosis. The mechanism of anterior myocardial ischaemia remainsunexplained.     

Single coronary artery, anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left anterior descending artery

We present a patient with an abnormal origin of the right coronaryartery from the left anterior descending artery. The patienthad chest pain probably related to myocardial ischaemia. Thisanomaly is very rare and has previously been reported in onlythree cases. The abnormal vessel travelled rightwards and remainedanterior to the main pulmonary artery, it was free of significantstenosis. The mechanism of anterior myocardial ischaemia remainsunexplained.     

微量尿蛋白与冠状动脉病变相关性研究

目的：分析微量尿蛋白与冠状动脉病变程度和范围的相关性。方法：入选连续179例冠状动脉造影患者,根据尿白蛋白肌酐比值(UACR)分为微量尿蛋白组(30～300μg/mg,n=43)和对照组(UACR＜30μg/mg,n=136)。比较两组冠状动脉造影结果差异,同时分析微量尿蛋白与冠状动脉病变之间的相关性。结果：与对照组相比,微量蛋白尿组高血压、糖尿病患者多见,且其造影阳性率(46．51%比30．15%,P＜0．05)、多支冠状动脉病变发病率(30．23%比8．82%,P<0．01)显著增高。结论：微量蛋白尿患者更易发生严重的冠状动脉病变。     

老年冠状动脉瘘8例

目的 探讨老年冠状动脉瘘的特点。方法 对8例老年冠状动脉瘘病例的临床症状,体征,辅助检查的综合分析。结果 心肌缺血是老年冠状动脉瘘的主要表现,易误诊为冠心病。结论长期出现心肌缺血症状的患者,随着的年龄的增加,症状越来越明显,应考虑诊断冠状动脉瘘,冠状动脉造影是确诊冠状动脉瘘的最可靠的方法。     

Single coronary artery, anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left anterior descending artery.

We present a patient with an abnormal origin of the right coronary artery from the left anterior descending artery. The patient had chest pain probably related to myocardial ischaemia. This anomaly is very rare and has previously been reported in only three cases. The abnormal vessel travelled rightwards and remained anterior to the main pulmonary artery, it was free of significant stenosis. The mechanism of anterior myocardial ischaemia remains unexplained.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中冠状动脉穿孔32例临床分析

目的总结经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中冠状动脉穿孔的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2004年4月至2006年8月阜外心血管病医院PCI术中发生的32例冠状动脉穿孔患者的临床资料。结果32例冠状动脉穿孔患者占同期7102例PCI患者的0.5%。病变特点按美国心脏病学会(ACC)/美国心脏协会(AHA)标准进行分型,其中B2+C型病变占81.3%,慢性完全闭塞病变占62.5%。冠状动脉穿孔的Ellis分型:Ⅰ型14例(43.8%),Ⅱ型10例(31.2%),Ⅲ型8例(25.0%)。发生原因:钢丝引起21例(65.6%),球囊预扩张引起6例(18.8%),球囊后扩张引起3例(9.4%),支架置入引起2例(6.2%)。处理措施:鱼精蛋白中和肝素14例(43.8%),穿孔近端球囊封堵9例(28.1%),心包穿刺引流7例(21.9%),置入带膜支架4例(12.5%),急诊外科修补加冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)2例(6.2%)。预后:死亡3例(9.4%),急诊外科修补加CABG2例(6.2%),急性心脏压塞6例(18.8%),迟发性心脏压塞1例(3.1%),急性心肌梗死9例(28.1%)。结论Ⅲ型冠状动脉穿孔后果严重,需积极处理。