长期居住海平面后藏族经受急性碱压低氧时的体力活动能力

本研究从急性低氧对移居海平面后藏族的体力活动能力的影响来探索藏族的高原低氧适应机制。结果揭示藏族的最大体力负荷强度没有显著下降，最大氧耗和氧脉搏也没有明显变化，动脉血氧饱和度明显高于汉族，这更显示藏族对高原低氧适应机制有独特之外。推测可能是藏族在氧的摄取，传递和释放过程比汉族更有利于对高原低氧环境的适应。     

高原环境血红蛋白变化的若干研究

血红蛋白对氧的结合、储存、运输、释放具有重要的生理作用。本文探讨血红蛋白与高原低氧的关系,血红蛋白在移居汉族和世居藏族中的变化。血红蛋白在世居藏族中是否存在功能与结构的改变,对于揭示高原低氧适应机制具有重要意义。     

青藏高原世居藏族青少年运动状态下心肺功能的适应机制研究

目的:通过研究青藏高原世居藏族青少年运动负荷下心、肺功能,以探讨其高原低氧的适应机制。方法:对居住在青藏高原海拔4200m的世居藏族和同龄移居的汉族青少年静息和运动负荷心、肺功能指标进行测定,指标包括CI(心指数)、VO2(氧耗量)、VCO2(CO2排出量)、DO2(氧供给量)、ERO2(氧摄取率)、SaO2(动脉血氧饱和度)等。结果:两组比较,静息状态下各项指标均无显著差别(P>0.05);但在最大运动负荷状态下,除ERO2外,世居藏族的各项指标均明显大于移居汉族;两组各项指标从静息—运动的变化幅度,世居藏族的CI、VO2、VCO2、DO2明显大于移居汉族(P<0.01,而SO2变化幅度却明显小于移居组(P<0.01)。结论:世居藏族青少年以CI、VO2、DO2为代表的强大的心肺储备功能是他们取得最佳高原适应的基础和保障,这可能是该民族世代生活在高原低氧环境中不断自然选择的结果。     

海拔4700m地区藏族和汉族运动能力及最大氧耗量的比较

海拔４７００ｍ地区藏族和汉族运动能力及最大氧耗量的比较［英］／ＧｅＲｉＬｉ……／／ＪＡｐｐｌＰｈｙｓｉｏｌ．１９９４，７７（２）．６８４—６９１．已有研究推论高原世居者对高原低氧环境的适应途径与移居者完全不同。为进一步证实这一假说，我们测定了居住在４...     

高原世居藏族α、β珠蛋白编码基因的克隆与测序

平原人移居高原后，为补偿低氧环境所导致的组织缺氧，红细胞和血红蛋白（hemoglobin，Hb）会代偿性增生，高原移居人群和南美高原世居民族都是以这种方式来适应高原低氧环境的。高原世居藏族Hb含量低于移居汉族和其他高原世居民族，且并不高于平原世居民族。Hb是由两条α与两条β珠蛋白链构成的四聚体分子，是结合与运输氧的重要载体，在高原低氧适应中具有重要生理作用。目前已在许多高原土生动物和迁徙鸟类（斑头雁）的Hb中，发现氧亲和力增高的突变，     

高原世居藏族及移居汉族缺氧性肺动脉增压反应的对比观察

目的：探讨高原世居人及高原移居人缺氧性肺动脉高压及缺氧性肺动脉增压反应. 方法： 采用右心漂浮导管术,观察了5例高原世居藏族及5例移居汉族在静息吸入室内空气、100.0%纯氧及14.0%低氧后的肺动脉压变化. 结果：5例高原世居者及4例高原移居者的静息肺动脉压在平原值的正常范围内,仅有1例高原移居者出现低氧性肺动脉高压;吸入14.0%低氧时,世居藏族及移居汉族均存在缺氧性肺动脉增压反应,其中移居汉族在吸入低氧1 min时,肺动脉压即明显升高;而世居藏族在吸入低氧3 min后,肺动脉压才开始上升.相反,世居藏族在停止吸入低氧1 min后,增高的肺动脉压迅速恢复到正常水平,而移居汉族在停止吸入低氧10 min后,增高的肺动脉压才恢复正常. 结论：适应良好的高原世居藏族及移居汉族未发现有低氧性肺动脉高压,而高原世居者及移居者均存在低氧性肺动脉增压反应,但二者的这种增压反应存在着明显的种族差异.     

西藏高原藏汉族急性上消化道出血比较分析

西藏高原平均海拔4000米以上,大气压及氧分压低,高原人群持续受缺氧影响,世居藏族顺应于低氧环境,而移居汉族多数人会发生一系列高原性生理和病理反应。在高原低氧环境下,急性上消化道出血这一常见症候的病因、病理和临床表现,藏族和汉族     

海拔4300m世居和移居青年血清细胞间粘附分子—1的表达

目的：观察高原民居和移居青年血管内皮细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）的表达;方法：在海拔４３００ｍ对２０名藏族青年和２０名汉族青年运用酶联免疫分析法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）进行血清ＩＣＡＭ－１含量检测;结果：高原移居汉族青年较世居藏族青年血清ＩＣＡＭ的表达增强（Ｐ〈０．０５）;结论：低氧引志内皮细胞粘附分子的表达增强,促进循环白细胞与内皮细胞粘附。高原世居藏族对氧的利用更经济有效,具有最佳的生理适应模式,     

初进高原的汉族与世居藏族血液学指标的比较研究

青藏高原是世界上海拔最高、面积最大的高原,目前已有很多研究初步证明了藏族在高原人类群体中已获得了最佳的高原适应性,而平原人在快速移居高原时,人体会出现为适应高原低氧环境而产生的各种生理机能的代偿性改变,其改变程度取决于个体对低氧环境适应的能力。本文通过比较初进高原（1周之内）的汉族与高原世居藏族的血常规18项指标及血压、心率、血氧饱和度,旨在研究低氧对机体代谢功能的影响,尤其是低氧对机体血液学指标的影响。     

海拔4300m世居藏族和移居汉族心肌酶及肌红蛋白活性对比观察

目的　探讨高原世居藏族和移居汉族青年心肌酶及肌红蛋白活性变化。方法　对世居西藏阿里地区 (海拔 430 0m)的 2 0名藏族士兵和移居该地区的 2 0名汉族士兵检测血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、α 羟丁酸脱氢酶 (α HBDH)、肌酸激酶 (CK)及其MB型同功酶 (CK MB)、血乳酸 (BLA)、肌红蛋白 (Mb)。结果　高原移居汉族较世居藏族AST、LDH ,α HBDH ,CK MB ,BLA及Mb增高非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,CK增高显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　高原世居藏族心肌酶活性 ,乳酸性氧债及非乳酸性氧债均低于移居汉族 ,这可能与他们取得了对高原低氧环境适应有关。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.