血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的　总结血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的疗效和初步经验。方法　对2 0例药物治疗无效的、反复短暂性缺血发作 (TIA)或有明显脑缺血症状的大脑中动脉狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术。术后常规给予抗血小板治疗 ,血管造影及TCD、SPECT进行影像学随访。结果　狭窄的血管均成功地进行扩张 ,术前术后狭窄程度分别为 (78.3± 4 .7) %与 (15 .6± 4 .4 ) % ,术后残余狭窄程度均小于 3 0 %。临床随访无TIA或脑梗死再发 ,DSA随访无血管再狭窄发生 ,经颅多普勒超声 (TCD)、SPECT检查显示脑血流明显改善。 1例发生大脑中动脉破裂出血。结论　血管内支架成形术治疗大脑中动脉狭窄是安全、有效的 ;长期疗效有待于进一步观察     

血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄45例分析

目的探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄的疗效和经验。方法对45例颈动脉狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术,术后行全脑血管造影及颈动脉彩超检查,进行影像学随访。结果狭窄血管均成功扩张,术前、术后狭窄段血管管腔分别为(2.84±1.18)mm和(5.86±0.65)mm,术后残余狭窄程度均<20%。临床随访无TIA或脑缺血发作,无1例发生再狭窄,3个月后颈部血管彩色超声检查,狭窄段管腔内径为(5.84±0.33)mm,与术后即刻狭窄段管腔内径(5.86±0.65)mm比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄是安全、有效的。     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉M1段狭窄17例分析

目的观察血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉(MCA)M1段狭窄的疗效。方法对17例药物治疗无效的、反复短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或有明显脑缺血症状的MCA狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术。术后行血管造影及经颅多普勒超声检查(TCD),并进行影像学随访。结果狭窄的血管均成功扩张,术前与术后狭窄程度分别为(76.3±4.5)%与(14.6±4.1)%,术后残余狭窄程度均<20%。临床随访无TIA或脑卒中再发,全脑血管造影(DSA)随访无血管再狭窄发生,TCD检查显示脑血流明显改善。结论血管内支架成形术治疗大脑中动脉M1段狭窄安全、有效。     

颅内椎基底动脉狭窄的支架成形术治疗

目的　初步总结血管内支架成形术治疗颅内椎基底动脉狭窄的经验 ,探讨治疗的可行性、安全性及有效性 ,分析技术要点和围手术期处理。方法　 2 2例 2 3个颅内椎基底动脉狭窄进行了支架植入扩张成形治疗 ,其中颅内段椎动脉狭窄 10个 ,基底动脉狭窄 13个 ,术前平均狭窄程度 (72 .4±11.3 ) % (5 0 %～ 90 % ) ,平均狭窄长度 (6.8± 3 .1)mm(3～ 12mm) ,植入球囊扩张支架 2 3枚 ,作临床及造影随访。结果　 2 3个狭窄支架植入均成功 ,狭窄率降低到 (9.3± 5 .2 ) % ,无夹层动脉瘤、血管破裂、支架内急性闭塞并发症 ,手术造成缺血性小卒中 1例 (4.5 % ) ,无死亡。临床随访 3～ 2 4个月 ,无脑缺血性事件发生 ,血管造影随访 10例 ,无再狭窄发生。结论　症状性颅内椎基底动脉狭窄的血管内支架成形治疗是一种有效、安全的方法 ,但远期结果仍需要进一步随访     

颅外颈动脉狭窄支架成形治疗的短期疗效分析

目的　分析颅外颈动脉狭窄支架成形治疗的安全性、有效性和短期疗效。方法　 2 0 0 0年10月至 2 0 0 2年 9月共收治颈动脉狭窄 93例 ,其中颈内动脉颅外分叉部狭窄 86例 ,单纯颅外段狭窄 4例 ,单纯颈总动脉狭窄 2例 ,功能性颈外动脉狭窄 1例 ,采用自膨胀支架进行血管成形治疗。结果　 93例支架植入均获得成功 ,血管狭窄程度从治疗前的平均 (79.5± 14 .6) %降低到 (11.2± 7.8) % ,围手术期无死亡及大卒中发生 ,1例患者出现一过性缺血发作 (TIA) (1.1% ) ,1例患者出现小卒中 (1.1% )。 91例患者获得术后临床随访 ,随访期 3～ 2 5个月 (平均 7.9个月 ) ,随访期间无TIA及卒中发生 ,无死亡。DSA随访 2 9例 ,再狭窄 1例 (3 .4 % )但无临床症状。结论　血管内支架成形术是治疗颈动脉狭窄的安全而有效方法 ,短期效果也令人满意     

症状性颅外颈动脉狭窄的血管内支架和药物治疗的临床疗效研究

目的　对比分析症状性颅外颈动脉狭窄的血管内支架和单纯药物治疗的疗效 ,评价两种治疗方法的有效性和安全性。方法　 2 0 0 1年到 2 0 0 3年我科门诊及病房治疗的症状性颅外颈动脉狭窄2 6 5例 ,其中支架治疗组 16 0例 ,单纯药物治疗组 10 5例。结果　颈动脉支架成形术 (CAS)手术的技术成功率 10 0 % ,血管狭窄由术前平均 79.5 %± 14 .6 %降至术后平均 11.2 %± 7.8% (P <0 .0 1) ,血管直径由术前 1.5± 0 .6mm恢复至 4 .1± 0 .4mm。治疗 30d内支架组和药物组各有 1例大卒中 (0 .6 3%、0 .95 % ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,药物组死亡 1例 (0 .95 % ) ,支架组无死亡。平均随访 13.5个月 ,支架组无死亡 ,同侧卒中 1例(0 .6 3% ) ,总的卒中和死亡 2例 (1.2 5 % ) ,药物组同侧卒中 4例 (3.81% ) ,死亡 1例 (0 .95 % ) ,总的卒中和死亡 5例 (4 .76 % )。支架组再狭窄 1例 (0 .6 3% ) ,因患者临床没有脑缺血症状 ,未进行再次治疗。结论　颈动脉支架成形术是治疗症状性颅外颈动脉狭窄和预防卒中安全而有效的方法 ,其围手术期总的卒中和死亡率低 ,1年随访卒中复发率和再狭窄率低 ,较单纯药物疗效更好。     

血管内支架置入治疗高危颈动脉狭窄

目的　评价伴对侧颈内动脉闭塞的高危颈内动脉狭窄病人血管内支架治疗的疗效和安全性。方法　 8例不适合颈动脉内膜剥脱的高危颈内动脉狭窄病人接受了血管内支架置入治疗。术前颈内动脉平均狭窄程度为 (85 2± 9 4) % (70 %～ 98% )。术前和术后 2 4h采用NIHSS评分 ,术前和术后 3个月采用改良Rakin评分标准对这些病人进行神经功能评分。术后随访 6～ 1 4个月。结果　术中造影证实 8枚支架均放置成功 ,残余狭窄程度 (5 3± 2 2 ) % (5 %～ 9% ) ,管腔狭窄程度较术前明显改善 (t=4 79,P <0 0 0 1 )。术中没有发生与手术相关的并发症 ,术后 2 4h病人的NIHSS神经功能评分保持在术前水平 [(2 5± 2 4)分 ] ;术后 3个月 ,改良Rakin神经功能评分为 (1 1 3± 0 99)分 ,同术前 (1 2 5± 1 2 8)分比较差异无显著性意义 (T =1 89,P >0 0 5)。术后随访 6～ 1 4个月 ,除 1例偶发一过性脑缺血发作 (TIA)外 ,其他病人未再出现TIA和新的中风。结论　血管内支架置入术是治疗高危颈内动脉狭窄安全、有效的治疗手段     

大动脉炎性肾动脉狭窄支架植入术的疗效分析

目的研究经皮腔内血管成形术 内支架植入术治疗大动脉炎性肾动脉狭窄所致肾性高血压的临床效果。资料与方法选用Palmaz支架和AVEBridge支架,对18例大动脉炎所致肾动脉狭窄先行经皮腔内肾动脉成形术(PTRA),然后放置支架。术后检测血管的内径和术后一周时血压的变化。结果18例PTRA 支架植入术技术成功率100%。血管内径由术前平均为(1.7±0.6)mm恢复至术后为(5.3±0.4)mm,术后1周时血压由术前的(22.7±3.3/14.0±2.1)kPa降为(19.3±1.6/10.4±2.0)kPa,其中10例血压恢复正常,6例血压改善。术后随访肾动脉血流通畅,血压控制满意。结论PTRA 支架植入术治疗大动脉炎性肾动脉狭效果满意,创伤小,患者痛苦少;PTRA 支架术是目前治疗大动脉炎性肾动脉狭窄的首选方法,具有安全、简便、有效的优点。     

颈动脉支架治疗分叉部狭窄后的血管造影随访

目的:此项前瞻性研究的目的是在颈动脉支架治疗术后用血管造影随访6个月,评价再狭窄的程度,内膜增生和支架扩张的状况。方法:100例患者在颈动脉支架治疗术后平均5.9个月(2.9~11.4个月)行血管造影随访。通过经治疗的颈动脉行选择性血管造影测量再狭窄的程度,内膜增生和支架扩张的状况。结果:平均再狭窄的程度为16%(0~78%)。6例(6%)再狭窄的程度超过50%,其中4例(4%)再狭窄的程度在50%~70%,2例(2%)再狭窄的程度大于70%。91例(91%)再狭窄处位于颈动脉狭窄前方,9例(9%)再狭窄处位于颅侧支架的末端。平均内膜增生率为31%(2%~70%)。在随访检查时,支…     

老年患者经皮冠状动脉腔内切割球囊成形术长期疗效观察

目的　评价经皮冠脉腔内切割球囊成形术 (ｃｕｔｔｉｎｇｂａｌｌｏｏｎａｎｇｉｏｐｌａｓｔｙ ,ＣＢＡ)的长期临床效果。 方法　32例行经皮冠脉腔内切割球囊成形术患者 ,平均年龄 6 7岁 ,其中 2 3例为支架内再狭窄患者 ,9例患者切割球囊成形术后行支架术。ＬＡＤ病变占 5 9.4 % ,ＬＣＸ病变占 2 5 % ,ＲＣＡ病变占 15 .6 %。随访 2 4个月 ,追踪患者心脏事件发生率 (死亡、心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、重复介入治疗与心脏搭桥手术 )及造影结果。结果　所有患者平均随访 (2 2 .8± 4 .8)个月 ,术后心绞痛复发 4例 ,心肌梗死 1例 ,无死亡事件发生。 2 2例患者行冠脉造影随访 ,再狭窄率为 2 7.3% (6 / 2 2 )。结论　经皮冠脉腔内切割球囊成形术作为支架内再狭窄、分叉、小血管及慢性弥漫性病变的权宜措施 ,在老年患者中有着良好的安全行和可行性。长期随访显示再狭窄率低。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）