以天麻和钩藤为主的中药制剂干预体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠碱性成纤维细胞生长因子及其受体的表达

目的：观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子及其受体在体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤中的表达变化及以天麻和钩藤为主的中药制剂——抗呆Ⅰ号对其的影响。 方法：实验于2002-03／2004-04在科学实验中心完成。先分别进行大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞和神经元的分离纯化培养及体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤模型的建立，然后分别进行下列实验：①按随机数字表法将传代后培养5d的星形胶质细胞分为正常对照组、缺血再灌注模型组和缺血用药组（应用抗呆Ⅰ号），在体外模拟脑缺血4h和再灌注3h，18h，24h，36h，48h和72h后行碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的免疫细胞化学染色。②用再灌注18h后收集的星形胶质细胞条件培养液、经抗呆Ⅰ号作用的星形胶质细胞条件培养液及星形胶质细胞条件培养液与抗呆Ⅰ号联合应用以1：5的浓度来培养损伤后的神经元。再对其培养的神经元行碱性成纤维细胞生长因子受体的免疫组化染色。 结果：①体外培养大鼠的大脑皮质星形胶质细胞在模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤后各时相点分泌碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的能力均显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05—0．01）；除再灌注72h外，其余各时相点缺血用药组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达水平均显高于缺血再灌注模型组（P〈0．05—0．01）。②星形胶质细胞条件培养液组、经抗呆Ⅰ号作用的星形胶质细胞条件培养液组和联合应用组脑缺血再灌注损伤后各时相点的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子受体表达水平大多显高于缺血再灌注模型组（P〈0．05-0．01），均在再灌注18h时达到高峰，其作用强度为经抗呆Ⅰ号作用的星形胶质细胞条件培养液〉联合应用〉星形胶质细胞条件培养液。 结论：体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤使星形胶质细胞表达碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的能力增强，星形胶质细胞条件培养液能促进受损神经元碱性成纤维细胞生长因子受体的表达。抗呆Ⅰ号可增强受损神经组织的分泌功能，促进其损伤后的修复。     

抗呆Ⅰ号对体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤星形胶质细胞的影响

目的：观察体外培养的大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞在模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤中的活性、存活率和无血清条件培养液蛋白含量的变化以及中药抗呆Ⅰ号的影响。方法：先对分离纯化培养的星形胶质细胞进行体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤模型的建立，然后采用MTT法对星形胶质细胞的活性和存活率进行测定以及用Bradform法对星形胶质细胞条件培养液中蛋白质含量进行测定。结果：体外培养的大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞在体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤中的活性、存活率、无血清条件培养液蛋白含量的变化具有一定的规律性，可分细胞损伤期、功能代偿期、功能低下期和功能恢复期。抗呆Ⅰ号可使受损的星形胶质细胞的活性明显增强(与模型组相比多数时间点比较(t=2．074，P&;lt;0．05)。存活率显著提高(与模型组相比多数时间点P&;lt;0．05，t&;gt;2．219)，使其条件培养液中的蛋白含量迅速增高(与模型组相比多数时间点，t&;gt;5．087，P&;lt;0．001)。结论：抗呆Ⅰ号可能通过保护星形胶质细胞免受损伤或使其分泌功能增强，从而间接地发挥星形胶质细胞对神经元的保护和修复作用。     

抗呆I号对体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤星形胶质细胞的影响

目的:观察体外培养的大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞在模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤中的活性、存活率和无血清条件培养液蛋白含量的变化以及中药抗呆Ⅰ号的影响。方法:先对分离纯化培养的星形胶质细胞进行体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤模型的建立,然后采用MTT法对星形胶质细胞的活性和存活率进行测定以及用Bradform法对星形胶质细胞条件培养液中蛋白质含量进行测定。结果:体外培养的大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞在体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤中的活性、存活率、无血清条件培养液蛋白含量的变化具有一定的规律性,可分细胞损伤期、功能代偿期、功能低下期和功能恢复期。抗呆Ⅰ号可使受损的星形胶质细胞的活性明显增强(与模型组相比多数时间点比较(t=2.074,P<0.05)。存活率显著提高(与模型组相比多数时间点P<0.05,t>2.219),使其条件培养液中的蛋白含量迅速增高(与模型组相比多数时间点,t>5.087,P<0.001)。结论:抗呆Ⅰ号可能通过保护星形胶质细胞免受损伤或使其分泌功能增强,从而间接地发挥星形胶质细胞对神经元的保护和修复作用。     

抗呆Ⅰ号对体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤星形胶质细胞分泌功能的影响

目的观察体外培养的大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞(Ast)在模拟脑缺血再灌注后分泌脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)的变化以及中药抗呆Ⅰ号的影响.方法实验于2002-03/2004-05在北京中医药大学完成.在大鼠大脑皮质Ast分离纯化培养的基础上体外模拟脑缺血再灌注,采用免疫细胞化学方法来观察受损Ast在缺血4 h,再灌注3,18,24,36,48,72 h后分泌BDNF,GDNF,HSP70和IL-6的动态变化及抗呆Ⅰ号的作用.结果①体外培养的大鼠大脑皮质Ast在体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤后其分泌BDNF,GDNF,HSP70和IL-6的能力增强.②抗呆Ⅰ号可使受损Ast的分泌功能更加增强.结论①体外模拟脑缺血再灌注使受损的Ast发生反应性胶质化,表现为分泌神经营养因子、炎性细胞因子及应激反应蛋白的能力增强.②抗呆Ⅰ号通过增强Ast的分泌功能来保护和修复受损的神经组织.     

抗呆I号对体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤星形胶质细胞分泌功能的影响

目的:观察体外培养的大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞(Ast)在模拟脑缺血再灌注后分泌脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)的变化以及中药抗呆Ⅰ号的影响。方法:实验于2002-03/2004-05在北京中医药大学完成。在大鼠大脑皮质Ast分离纯化培养的基础上体外模拟脑缺血再灌注,采用免疫细胞化学方法来观察受损Ast在缺血4h,再灌注3,18,24,36,48,72h后分泌BDNF,GDNF,HSP70和IL-6的动态变化及抗呆Ⅰ号的作用。结果:①体外培养的大鼠大脑皮质Ast在体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤后其分泌BDNF,GDNF,HSP70和IL-6的能力增强。②抗呆Ⅰ号可使受损Ast的分泌功能更加增强。结论:①体外模拟脑缺血再灌注使受损的Ast发生反应性胶质化,表现为分泌神经营养因子、炎性细胞因子及应激反应蛋白的能力增强。②抗呆Ⅰ号通过增强Ast的分泌功能来保护和修复受损的神经组织。     

中药抗呆Ⅰ号对体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤大脑皮质神经元的保护作用

目的观察体外培养的大鼠大脑皮层神经元在模拟脑缺血再灌注后的变化以及中药抗呆Ⅰ号的影响. 方法先对分离纯化培养的大脑皮层神经元进行体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤模型的建立,然后采用 MTT法测定神经元的活性和存活率,用台盼蓝染色法测定其死亡率,用比色法测定乳酸脱氢酶( LDH)的漏出率,用组化染色法测定一氧化氮合成酶( NOS)的活性. 结果体外培养的大鼠大脑皮层神经元随缺血和再灌注时间的延长细胞的活性和存活率逐渐下降、死亡率逐渐升高、培养液中 LDH的漏出率逐渐升高、细胞 NOS表达强阳性细胞数在缺血 4 h(34.6± 3.847)和再灌 3 h( 20.6± 3.362)时显著增高.模型组与正常组相比,差异有非常显著性意义( t=13.236, 8.038, P< 0.01).抗呆Ⅰ号可影响其上述指标的变化. 结论抗呆Ⅰ号可能通过防止氧化磷酸化脱耦联而保护线粒体、防止脂质过氧化及通透性增加而保护细胞膜、抑制 NOS活性的反应性增强而防止一氧化氮( NO)及其衍生的毒性自由基的损伤等途径而发挥对神经元的保护作用.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑细胞内游离钙变化的影响(英文)

背景:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子可促进体外培养的神经元存活及突起生长,拮抗兴奋性氨基酸毒性,对中枢神经系统功能恢复起重要作用,能否通过影响脑细胞内游离钙离子浓度对缺血脑组织起保护作用。目的:从细胞水平探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤时神经细胞内游离Ca2+浓度变化的影响。设计:完全随机对照实验。单位:郑州大学第二附属医院神经内科。材料:实验于2003-08/12在郑州大学第二附属医院神经内科实验室完成。24只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组,每组8只。方法:缺血再灌注组及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组采用线栓法建立大脑中动脉闭塞模型;假手术组除不插线外,余同其他两组。碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组于缺血后即刻腹腔注射10μg/kg碱性成纤维细胞生长因子,其余两组腹腔注射等量生理盐水。各组大鼠于缺血再灌注24h检测脑细胞游离钙浓度。主要观察指标:各组大鼠缺血再灌注24h脑细胞游离钙浓度。结果:24只大鼠全部进入结果分析。缺血再灌注组明显高于假手术组犤(673.46±18.44),(224.71±10.58)nmol/L,(F=1329.06,P<0.01)犦,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组明显低于缺血再灌注组犤(378.37±21.08),(673.46±18.44)nmol/L(F=1329.06,P<0.01)犦。结论:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能明显抑制大鼠缺血再灌注后脑组织内游离钙水平,起到稳定细胞膜,防止细胞内钙超载的作用。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑细胞内游离钙变化的影响

背景:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子可促进体外培养的神经元存活及突起生长,拮抗兴奋性氨基酸毒性,对中枢神经系统功能恢复起重要作用,能否通过影响脑细胞内游离钙离子浓度对缺血脑组织起保护作用.目的:从细胞水平探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤时神经细胞内游离Ca2+浓度变化的影响.设计:完全随机对照实验.单位:郑州大学第二附属医院神经内科.材料:实验于2003-08/12在郑州大学第二附属医院神经内科实验室完成.24只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组,每组8只.方法:缺血再灌注组及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组采用线栓法建立大脑中动脉闭塞模型;假手术组除不插线外,余同其他两组.碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组于缺血后即刻腹腔注射10μg/kg碱性成纤维细胞生长因子,其余两组腹腔注射等量生理盐水.各组大鼠于缺血再灌注24 h检测脑细胞游离钙浓度.主要观察指标:各组大鼠缺血再灌注24 h脑细胞游离钙浓度.结果:24只大鼠全部进入结果分析.缺血再灌注组明显高于假手术组[(673.46±18.44),(224.71±10.58)nmol/L,(F=1 329.06,P＜0.01)],碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组明显低于缺血再灌注组[(378.37±21.08),(673.46±18.44)nmol/L(F=1 329.06,P＜0.01)].结论:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能明显抑制大鼠缺血再灌注后脑组织内游离钙水平,起到稳定细胞膜,防止细胞内钙超载的作用.     

抗呆Ⅰ号对体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤星形胶质细胞分泌功能的影响

目的：观察体外培养的大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞(Ast)在模拟脑缺血再灌注后分泌脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)的变化以及中药抗呆Ⅰ号的影响。方法：实验于2002—03／2004—05在北京中医药大学完成。在大鼠大脑皮质Ast分离纯化培养的基础上体外模拟脑缺血再灌注，采用免疫细胞化学方法来观察受损Ast在缺血4h，再灌注3，18，24，36，48，72h后分泌BDNF，GDNF，HSP70和IL-6的动态变化及抗呆Ⅰ号的作用。结果：①体外培养的大鼠大脑皮质Ast在体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤后其分泌BDNF，GDNF，HSP70和ID6的能力增强。②抗呆Ⅰ号可使受损Ast的分泌功能更加增强。结论：①体外模拟脑缺血再灌注使受损的Ast发生反应性胶质化，表现为分泌神经营养因子、炎性细胞因子及应激反应蛋白的能力增强。②抗呆Ⅰ号通过增强Ast的分泌功能来保护和修复受损的神经组织。     

脑缺血上调大鼠神经元和星形胶质细胞CDK4的表达

目的:研究大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后CDK4在神经元和星形胶质细胞的表达。方法:SD大鼠25只,随机分为假手术组和再灌注1d、3d、7d、14d组,建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)再灌注模型,假手术组仅进行手术不造成缺血状态,应用流式细胞术检测各组神经元和星形胶质细胞中CDK4的表达。结果:缺血侧皮质星形胶质细胞和神经元中的CDK4的表达在再灌注7d、14d后表达上调,与假手术组比较有差异(P<0.05);大脑皮质神经元和星形胶质细胞的比较发现,神经元中的CDK4在假手术组、再灌注7d组的表达水平高于星形胶质细胞(P<0.05)。结论:脑缺血后,缺血侧皮质区星形胶质细胞和神经元的CDK4表达上调。     

Measurement of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines in body fluids and tissues in children and in adults

We have developed a reliable and validated radio-enzymatic method for the assay of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, using a modification of existing methods. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 mumol/l using 10 microliters of plasma or urine. It is also suitable for measurements of carnitine in a 10 mg sample of liver or muscle obtained by percutaneous biopsy. The use of N-ethylmaleimide in the reaction mixture together with an excess of [1-14C]acetyl CoA ensures that the reaction proceeds to completion and a linear response is obtained. Using this method control ranges have been established for plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in healthy children and adults, and for the carnitine content of liver and muscle in adults. No significant difference was found between fasting and post-prandial plasma carnitine levels. An age-related increase was found in urinary total carnitine and acylcarnitine concentration throughout childhood. These data provide a reliable basis for studies of patients with abnormal carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism, distribution and excretion.     

Rosamicin in Urethral and Vaginal Secretions and Tissues in Dogs and Rats

In animal studies we investigated the distribution of rosamicin in plasma and urethral and vaginal tissues in rats as well as in urethral and vaginal secretions in dogs. We found concentration ratios between urethral secretion and plasma of 1.9 and between vaginal secretion and plasma of 2.4. The rosamicin concentrations in urethral and vaginal tissue significantly exceeded the levels of all other tissues investigated. Because rosamicin could be valuable for the treatment of bacterial urethritis and the colonization of the vaginal introitus with fecal bacteria in women, it should be investigated clinically in this respect.     

Similarities and differences in clients treated and in medications prescribed by APRNs and psychiatrists in a CMHC

This study is part of a larger study comparing prescribing practices of psychiatrists and advanced practice psychiatric nurses (APRNs) using the following three groups of patients: patients treated by psychiatrists, those treated by APRNs, and those treated by both APRNs and psychiatrists at different times in 1 year. Demographics for 5507 patients were examined. A subsample of APRNs and psychiatrists prescribed similar total numbers of medications. Psychiatrists prescribed more types of antidepressant medications other than the SSRI antidepressants, and they prescribed more than twice the number of benzodiazepines. APRNs prescribed more SSRIs and spent more time with clients during medication visits.     

Postural strategies and falls in elderly and in parkinsonism]

OBJECTIVE: To use a posture analysis to show the evolution of postural pattern connected with falls.MATERIAL AND METHOD: It is a prospective study on two groups of 16 persons of more than 60 years. A group concerns 16 small disability off drug parkinsonian patients, a group concerns 16 healthy witnesses. All the persons benefited from a posture recording by means of a force platform and were followed during 1 year. RESULTS: Data analysis underlines three groups of persons corresponding to three postural patterns, independently of the presence of Parkinson disease. A group (n = 18) did not contain fallers, the second (n = 10 ) contained 20% of fallers, the third (n = 4) contained 100% of fallers. Differences between the groups were identified on 16 posturographic parameters. DISCUSSION: A group has a good functional value and one does not record any fall. Its characteristics, which correspond to a category of persons who compensate well for the phenomena of ageing, are found in the literature. A group has an intermediate functional value and regrets 20% of fallers. Kinetic profile reveals a tendency to the stiffness of the posture. This group is going to operate rather ankle strategies. A group has an inferior functional value and regrets 100% of fallers. Kinetic profile seems disrupted and not to be able to adapt itself in a satisfactory way to the situation otherwise than by stereotypical reactions. This group is going to operate systematically much less stabilizing hip strategies. CONCLUSION: A close determinism between physiological neuromotor ageing and Parkinson disease does exist. We showed with a prospective follow-up, the arisen of fall and showed the evolution of postural patterns related to fall. It appears as well that evolution mainly follows three stages leading from a small risk of fall gait pattern to a major risk of fall gait pattern.     

Racial differences in oxidative stress and inflammation: in vitro and in vivo

African American race is an independent risk factor for enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation. We sought to examine whether oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers that are typically measured in humans also differ by race in cell culture. We compared levels between African American and Caucasian young adults and then separately in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from both races. We found heightened oxidative stress and inflammation in the African Americans both in vitro and in vivo. African American HUVECs showed higher nitric oxide (NO) levels (10.8 ± 0.4 vs. 8.8 ± 0.7 μmol/L/mg, p = 0.03), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (61.7 ± 4.2 vs. 23.9 ± 9.0 pg/mg, p = 0.02), and lower superoxide dismutase activity (15.6 ± 3.3 vs. 25.4 ± 2.8 U/mg, p = 0.04), and also higher protein expression (p < 0.05) of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox, isoforms NOX2 and NOX4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), inducible NOS, as well as IL-6. African American adults had higher plasma protein carbonyls (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 nmol/mg, p = 0.01) and antioxidant capacity (2.3 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3 mM, p = 0.01). These preliminary translational data demonstrate a racial difference in HUVECs much like that in humans, but should be interpreted with caution given its preliminary nature. It is known that racial differences exist in how humans respond to development and progression of disease, therefore these data suggest that ethnicity of cell model may be important to consider with in vitro clinical research.