北京市海淀区老年人慢性病患病现况调查

目的了解海淀区老年人慢性病患病现况。方法调查对象为海淀区60岁以上常住居民，采用随机抽样、集中调查和入户调查相结合的方法。结果高血压患病率为71．4％，血脂异常患病率为77．8％，糖尿病患病率为20．96％，男女慢性病患病率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05），随年龄的增大患病率增高，但各年龄组差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；肾功能下降患病率12．3％，男女患病率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），各年龄组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。慢性病危险因素水平：肥胖率23．2％、缺乏锻炼率12．76％，吸烟率18．64％，饮酒率15．0％，吸烟、饮酒在不同性别患病率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01），各年龄组患病率差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论海淀区老年人慢性病患病率及危险因素患病率较高，我们应采取综合干预措施，有效控制其增长。     

伊犁地区多民族人群脂代谢紊乱状态的调查

目的了解伊犁地区多民族人群脂代谢紊乱状态。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，对伊犁地区6个主体民族常住人口进行关于脂代谢异常的流行病学调查。在进行问卷调查和体格检查的同时，检测调查对象的血脂。结果（1）伊犁地区被调查人群脂代谢紊乱患病率为52．70％。高甘油三酯血症和混合性高脂血症患病率男性高于女性（P〈0．05），高胆固醇血症患病率男、女间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）脂代谢紊乱类型存在民族差异（x^2=17．62，P〈0．01），哈萨克族和蒙古族人群高胆固醇血症和高甘油三酯血症分别高于和低于维吾尔族、汉族、回族和锡伯族人群（P均〈0．05），混合性高脂血症患病率6个民族间差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论伊犁地区受检人群脂代谢紊乱类型存在民族差异。     

上海市人群附红细胞体感染因素分析

目的了解上海市人群附红细胞体感染相关因素。方法按照分层随机抽样的方法分别以中心城区、城郊结合区和郊区作为人群附红细胞体感染因素调查点，用镜检血涂片方法检查附红细胞体的感染情况，同时对被检查者进行问卷调查。结果1）共调查997人，感染129人，年龄标化感染率为12．16％，感染者均为轻度感染；2）中心城区、城郊结合区和郊区标化感染率分别为15．83％、17．67％、6．86％，差异有统计学意义（x^2=19．97，P〈O．05），其中，郊区感染率显著低于中心城区和城郊结合区（x^2值分别为13．82和18．85，P均〈0．05），中心城区和城郊结合区感染率差异无统计学意义（x^2=0．34，P〉0．05）；3）不同性别、年龄、文化程度、职业人群感染率差异均无统计学意义（x^2分别为3．45，3．23，7．91，8．38，P值均〉0．05）；接触动物及有其他疾病史者与相应对照人群间附红体感染率差异无统计学意义（x^2值分别为1．62和0．81，P〉0．05）。结论上海市人群中存在附红细胞体的轻度感染，且有地区分布差异。     

北京市房山区韩村河镇居民脑卒中流行病学调查

目的初步了解北京市房山区韩村河镇50岁以上本市户籍人口脑卒中的流行现状,为制定相应的防治和干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,对韩村河镇6个自然村818名50岁以上本市户籍居民进行脑卒中患病情况进行调查,由培训过的医师收集调查对象的相关信息。结果韩村河镇脑卒中患病率为19．30％。男性患病率为24．30％,显著高于女性（14．56％）,差异有统计学意义（X性别^2=12．20,P〈O．01）。不同年龄、职业间脑卒中患病率比较,差异有统计学意义（X年龄^2=58．13X职业^2=29．70,P均〈0．01）,其中70-75岁、未就业者发病率最高（分别为38．24％、34．39％）,且随着年龄的升高,该地区脑卒中患病率有增高的趋势。不同地区、文化程度、婚姻状况间脑卒中患病率比较,差异无统计学意义∞地Ⅸ。=8．15,X文化^2=1．94,X婚姻^2=2．73,P均〉0．05）。结论韩村河地区50岁以上居民脑卒中患病率明显高于其他地区,男性、70-75岁、未就业者患病率较高,有必要针对性地做好这一地区的脑卒中防控工作。     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症与高脂血症及非酒精性脂肪肝的相关性研究

目的 了解亚临床甲状腺功能减退症（甲减）与血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）水平及非酒精性脂肪肝的关系。方法 对体检人群共1602名成年人进行TSH、TT3、TT4测定。血清TC，TG水平及B型超声波诊断脂肪肝均采用同期或近期健康体检结果。男性和女性又划分为20-39岁、40-59岁及≥60岁的3个年龄组。结果（1）该人群总体亚临床甲减患病率为6．6％。（2）亚临床甲减人群TC、TG水平与正常人群相比差异无统计学意义（均P〉0，05）。（3）总体单因素比较亚临床甲减在TC升高人群的患病率高于正常人群，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。（4）女性及男性各年龄组TC正常组及TC升高组亚临床甲减的患病率差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。多因素回归分析同样说明TSH水平不是TC升高的影响因素。（5）男性各年龄段TG升高组与TG正常组亚临床甲减的患病率差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。女性除高龄组（≥60岁）外各年龄段TG升高组均比TG正常组亚临床甲减的患病率高，组间差异同样无统计学意义（均P〉0．05），但多因素回归分析中TSH为TG升高的独立影响因素，相对危险度为1．102（P=0.03）。（6）分别校正血压、体重指数（BMI）及血糖后，脂肪肝人群亚临床甲减的患病率与非脂肪肝人群的患病率差异均无统计学意义。将影响非酒精性脂肪肝患病率的多种因素进行多因素回归分析，TSH水平非其独立影响因素（P〉0．05）。结论 亚临床甲减与血清TC水平无显著相关，而可能引起血清TG水平增高；亚临床甲减似乎不会增加非酒精性脂肪肝的患病风险。     

脑源性神经营养因子基因Val66Met多态性与阿尔茨海默病的相关性

目的 探讨中国汉族人群中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）基因Va166Met单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与阿尔茨海默病（AD）的相互关系。方法 采用等位基因特异性聚合酶链反应（A—SPCR）技术检测513例AD患者和575例健康老年人BDNF基因Va166Met位点SNP的分布，分析各基因型与发病年龄和疾病严重程度的关系。结果 AD组和对照组基因型频率（22．0％和21．7％；x^2=0．41，P=0．82）、等位基因频率（45．9％和46．5％；x^2=0．08，P=0．77）差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。进一步将AD组按照发病年龄（〈65岁和≥65岁）和性别分层，也未发现差异有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。各基因型与发病年龄和疾病的严重程度不存在相关性。结论 中国汉族人群中BDNF基因Va166Met位点SNP与AD未发现关联关系。     

冠状动脉小血管支架植入的临床研究

目的：观察冠状动脉小血管病变患者的临床特点、支架植入情况及预后效果。方法：回顾分析冠状动脉小血管严重狭窄患者的临床及支架植入资料，并与同期进行的冠脉大血管支架患者进行比较，比较二者的临床特点、手术方法及预后的异同。结果：冠脉小血管支架组植入成功率97．14％，大血管支架组植入成功率98．95％（P〉0．05）；两组在年龄、性别及高血压患病率方面组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），2型糖尿病患病率在小血管支架组高于大血管支架组（P〈0．05）；植入方法上，使用球囊预扩的比例两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；支架释放后球囊后扩张比例小血管支架组低于大血管支架组（P〈0．05）；术中并发症及随访期预后差异元统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：冠状动脉小血管支架植入的成功率、预后与大血管支架组无显著差异，可安全地用于冠脉小血管病变的治疗。     

上海市程桥社区老年人外周动脉疾病患病率的调查

目的调查上海市长宁区程桥社区60岁及以上人群下肢外周动脉疾病病的患病情况。方法采用便携式多普勒血流仪（8MHs）对程桥社区2360例60岁及以上人群进行踝臂指数的测量，以踝臂指数≤0．9定义为下肢外周动脉疾病，并对患病情况进行分析。结果下肢外周动脉疾病患病率为8．7％，其中男8．0％，女性9．3％；60～69岁组6．9％，其中男性7．0％、女性6．9％；70～79岁组9．4％，其中男性8．0％、女性10．8％；80-97岁组12．6％，其中男性12．2％、女性12．9％。随增龄下肢外周动脉疾病患病率逐渐增高（P〈0．05）。男女性别构成在各年龄组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。有不同危险因素的患者中，下肢外周动脉疾病的患病率分别为：冠心病124例（60．5％）、缺血性脑卒中59例（28．8％）、糖尿病131例（63．9％）、高血压161例（78．5％）、吸烟48例（23．4％）、高脂血症136例（66．3％）。结论上海市程桥社区60岁以上老年人下肢外周动脉病患病率为8．7％，低于欧美等国家的水平。下肢外周动脉疾病患病率与性别无关，与增龄有关。     

2013年奎屯市慢性非传染性疾病社区诊断分析

目的了解新疆奎屯市社区居民主要慢性病的患病率及其相关危险因素,为确定慢性病干预的重点人群和危险因素,制定综合防制措施、评价慢性病防控效果提供科学依据。方法采用现有资料收集和多阶段整群随机抽样调查的方式收集相关资料并进行统计学分析。结果奎屯市居民高血压患病率23．9％,男女患病率分别为26．8％、21．3％,男女患病率差异有统计学意义（Х^2=272．08,P〈O．05）;奎屯市居民糖尿病患病率5．2％,男性患病率4．8％、女性5．6％,高血脂患病率8.3％,男性患病率9．5％、女性7.3％,男女性别组糖尿病及高血脂患病率差异均无统计学意义（Х^2=0．58,Х^2=2．45,P〉0．05）;社区居民前三位死因顺位依次为心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病;相关危险因素流行率依次为饮酒、超重、缺少运动等。结论奎屯市处于慢性病预防控制关键期,通过健康促进、患者管理等手段,树立健康观念,降低慢性病发病、病残和病死率已成为当务之急。     

贵阳市城乡老年人2009年卒中患病率及危险因素现况调查

目的调查贵阳市城乡老年人群（≥60岁）卒中流行现状及常见危险因素与卒中发病的关系。方法以现况研究设计,采用整群抽样的方法对贵阳市2个街道办事处和一个镇的≥60岁常住居民进行卒中患病率及常见危险因素的调查。按每10岁为一个年龄组（80岁及以上归人一组）,描述卒中的流行现状及常见危险因素的分布特征。结果①贵阳市城乡≥60岁老年人卒中患病率为5．4％（392／7299）。城市患病率高于农村（5．8％对4．4％,P=0．013）;男、女患病率差异无统计学意义（5．6％对5．2％,P=0．458）。随着年龄的增长,城市和农村卒中患病率均有增高的趋势（P〈0．01）。②高血压患病率为40．8％（2977／7299）。血压正常组卒中患病率为2．6％（65／2539）,高血压前期组（血压：120～139／80—89mmHg）为5．9％（106／1792）,高血压组为7．1％（211／2968）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。③随着受教育程度的提高,不论男女卒中患病率均下降;随着体质量指数的增高,卒中发病率逐渐增高。差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。④多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、超重或肥胖、高血压、高血压前期、高血糖、心脏病史、吸烟史、饮酒史、家族史、喜高盐饮食是卒中的危险因素,高学历是保护因素,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论贵阳市城乡老年人群卒中患病率为5．4％。高血压是卒中最主要的危险因素,高学历是保护因素。     

江苏地区甲状腺功能减退症流行现状调查

目的 研究江苏地区社区人群甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)的流行病学特点.方法 采用逐级分层整群抽样方法抽取江苏地区城乡6层样本,调查对象为≥20岁的常住(≥5年)居民,采集空腹静脉血标本7 122份,以固相化学发光酶免疫分析法(ICMA法)检测sTSH,对于sTSH在正常范围外的人群,检测FT33、FT4.结果 (1)江苏地区调查对象临床甲减粗患病率为0.66%,标化患病率为0.43%;亚临床甲减的粗患病率为7.53%,标化患病率为6.28%.(2)女性临床甲减和亚临床甲减的患病率均明显高于男性(均P<0.05).(3)随年龄增长,男性和女性亚临床甲减的患病率显著升高(P<0.05).结论 与临床甲减相比,江苏地区社区人群亚临床甲减的患病率明显升高,应加强对其随访和早期诊治.     

Prevalence of physician-diagnosed COPD and its association with smoking among urban and rural residents in regional mainland China

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of physician-diagnosed COPD and to explore the relationship between the total amount of cigarettes smoked (TACS) and COPD among urban and rural adults in Nanjing, China. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study conducted between October 2000 and March 2001. SETTING: Administrative villages (n = 45) randomly selected from three urban districts and two rural counties of Nanjing municipality, Jiangsu province, China, with an overall population of 5.6 million. PARTICIPANTS: All regular local residents >/= 35 years old (n = 29,319), 67.7% from urban areas and 32.3% from rural areas; 49.7% were men and 50.3% were women. RESULTS: The response rate of potential participants was 90.1%. The overall prevalence of diagnosed COPD was 5.9%. The prevalence of COPD was significantly higher among men than in women (7.2% vs 4.7%, p = 0.000), while the difference between urban and rural participants was not statistically significant (6.7% vs 4.4%, respectively; p = 0.132). The prevalence of COPD was significantly higher among smokers than nonsmokers. After adjusting for age, gender, area of residence, fuels, heating in winter, ventilation in kitchen, passive smoking, education, occupation, average family income, alcohol drinking, cooking oil, body mass index, and physical activity, a dose-response relationship between COPD and TACS was evident in this population (odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 1. 92; OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.70; and OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.52 for smokers within upper, middle, and lower TACS levels compared with nonsmokers, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of diagnosed COPD (5.9%) among Chinese adults was higher than that (2.5%) estimated by World Health Organization experts, and there was a significant gradient increase in COPD prevalence from the stratum of nonsmokers to the stratum of upper TACS.     

江苏省城乡居民不同糖代谢状态人群视网膜病变患病率及相关因素分析

目的:比较江苏省城乡居民不同糖代谢状态人群视网膜病变患病率并分析其相关影响因素。方法:本研究为横断面研究。于2017年4至7月采用分层多阶段随机抽样对江苏省盐城盐都区、镇江句容市抽取4 074名18~70岁居民进行问卷调查、体格检查、血糖检测和眼底筛查。以糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）早期治疗研究分级≥20定义为糖尿病特征性...     

西安地区中老年人的痴呆患病率调查

目的：了解西安载我中老年人痴呆的流行现状。方法：E要用多分层,多级,随机、整群抽样、以简易智能状态量表（MMSE）为筛查工具,对西安地区4850例5及以上中老年人进行了痴呆患病率调查。结果：符合美国精神疾病诊断和统计手册第4版（DSM－Ⅳ）和美国国立神经病学、语言交流障碍和卒中－老年性痴呆 关疾病学会（NINCDS－ADRDA）痴呆诊断标准者171例,痴呆患病率3．53％。其中Alzheimer痴呆（AD）100例,患病率2．06％,占58．48％,血管性痴呆（VD）54例,患病率1．11％,占31．58％,痴呆及VD患病率男女间差异无显著性P＞0．05）,而AD患病率女性明显高于男性（P＜0．01）。痴呆及AD、VD、患病率均随增龄而显著增高（P＜0．01）,年龄每增长5岁,患病率约增高1倍。文盲组痴呆及AD患病率高于小学和初中以上组（P＜0．01）。各职业之间痴呆及AD、VD患病率用年龄分层后差异均无显著性（P＞005）。城市和农村痴呆、AD、VD患病率差异亦无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：我国痴呆患病率并不低,基本与欧美国家持平,高龄、女性、低文化水平,能是AD的危险因素。     

Low prevalence of knee and back pain in southeast China; the Shantou COPCORD study

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the previously noted low prevalence of knee pain (KP) and lumbar pain (LP) in rural southern China compared with the high prevalence observed in North China was also true in a southern urban population. METHODS: A population based sample of 2040 adults > or = 16 years of age was studied in Chenghai City, close to the rural area previously studied on the southeast coast of China. Primary healthcare workers administered the COPCORD Phase I and II questionnaires. Those with rheumatic symptoms were recalled for medical examination, with a response rate at examination (phase III) of 98.4%. Those suspected of having arthritis had radiographs and laboratory tests. Prevalences were age and sex adjusted to the total of populations previously reported. RESULTS: (1) The prevalence for all rheumatic symptoms at phase III was 18.1%. Of the 7.5% with KP, 55% had osteoarthritic changes on radiograph (KOA) compared with 29% of a sample with no KP (p < 0.001). Of the 11.5% with LP, 69% had degenerative changes on lumbar spine radiograph (LOA). (2) Of residents in single-level houses the prevalence was 5.6% for KP and 7.9% for LP, whereas in 4 to 6-level apartment buildings these rates were significantly higher, 9.1% and 16.2%, respectively. All these pain rates were significantly lower than noted in rural North China. The prevalence of pain together with radiographic OA changes in the knee (KOA) was half the rate in single-floor residents (2.7%) compared to apartment residents (5.3%), as was lumbar spine degenerative disease (5.3% vs 11.5%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of knee and lumbar spine pain in this southern urban sample was confirmed to be much lower than in the rural sample in the North, although higher than in the rural sample in the South. Comparing COPCORD studies of Han Chinese in Shanghai and Malaysia there was a decrease in prevalence of knee and back pain with latitude, suggesting an association with climate. Knee and back pain and radiological degenerative changes in the knee and lumbar spine were twice as prevalent in apartment residents than in those living in older single-level houses. Further study is needed to explain these observations.     

北京市55岁以上人群1992年和2000年脑卒中患病率和残疾率情况及变动趋势

目的评价北京市55岁以上中老年人脑卒中患病和脑卒中后残疾状况和变化趋势。方法分别于1992年(3 257人)和2000年(2 838人)采用同样方法在北京市区和近郊区平原和远郊山区,各随机抽取1个区/县,在所抽取的区/县采取分层、分段及整群抽样的方法抽取55岁以上中老年人进行横断面调查。结果1992年调查结果显示55岁以上、60岁以上和65岁以上人群脑卒中粗患病率分别是7.2%、7.9%和8.0%,到2000年分别提高到12.2%、12.7%和13.7%。1992年调查显示城市脑卒中患病率高于农村(8.0%vs4.8%),2000年城乡差异消失。1992年和2000年脑卒中患者残疾率分别是30.8%和31.2%,残疾率随年龄而增加,80岁组残疾率高达57.3%。以北京市同期人口数推算脑卒中患病人数:1992年约97 000人,2000年约228 000人。推算脑卒中残疾人数:1992年约29 915人,2000年约71 261人。结论从1992年到2000年北京市55岁以上居民脑卒中患病率和患病人数大幅度增长,尽管在此期间脑卒中患者的残疾率处于稳定水平,但是由于脑卒中患者人数急剧增加使残疾人数激增。     

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and factors associated with its components in Chinese adults

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among middle-aged and elderly adults in Jiangsu province, China. Moreover, factors associated with MetS were also assessed. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 4 randomly selected areas including both urban and rural areas from Jiangsu province, China. After the procedure, 3914 adults aged 35 to 74 years were included in the study. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III report. Data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire, biophysical assessment, and biochemical examination. Crude and age-standardized prevalence of MetS was 31.5% and 30.5%, respectively. Prevalence rate increased significantly with age in female but not in male subjects, whereas this was true for both sexes with increased body mass index. High blood pressure was the most prevalent component of MetS (45.2%), followed by elevated triglycerides (40.1%) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40.1%). Multivariate ordinal regression analysis revealed that women had significantly higher risk of MetS than men (odds ratio = 1.72, P < .001). Older age, living in urban area, income, family history of diabetes, and family history of hypertension were positively associated with MetS risk. However, higher education and tea drinking everyday were found to be negatively associated with MetS (P < .05). Moreover, substantial agreement (κ = 0.79) was found between the International Diabetes Federation and modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria among 3 comparisons of MetS definitions. Metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population in Jiangsu province. Community-based strategies for diet and lifestyle modifications are strongly suggested, especially in women and the elderly.     

The burden of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in India using the ADA 1997 criteria: prevalence of diabetes in India study (PODIS)

This random multistage cross sectional population survey was undertaken to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glycemia/glucose (IFG) in subjects aged 25 years and above in India. The study was carried out in 108 centers (49 urban and 59 rural) to reflect the size and heterogeneity of the Indian population. 41,270 (20,534 males and 20,736 females) subjects were studied. 21,516 (10,865 males and 10,651 females) were from urban areas and 19,754 (9669 males and 10,085 females) from rural areas. Blood samples were taken after a fast of 10-12h and the subjects were categorized as having IFG or DM using the 1997 American Diabetes Association criteria. The age and gender standardized prevalence rate for DM and IFG in the total Indian population was 3.3 and 3.6% respectively (P < 0.001). The standardized prevalence of DM and IFG in urban areas was significantly higher than that for the rural population (urban DM prevalence 4.6% versus rural DM prevalence 1.9%, P < 0.001; urban IFG prevalence 4.8% versus rural IFG prevalence 2.5%, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence between DM (4.6%) and IFG (4.8%) in the urban population. The rural prevalence of IFG (2.5%) was significantly (P <0.001) more than the rural prevalence of DM (1.9%). Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem is India.     

哈尔滨市代谢综合征患病率及其相关因素分析

目的 调查黑龙江省哈尔滨市城乡35岁以上人群代谢综合征(Ms)的流行病学现况及特点,并分析其相关因素.方法 采用多级分层整群抽样的流行病学调查方法进行问卷调查,有效调查人数为5 984人(男2 663人,女3 321人),测量身高、体重、腰围和血压,测定空腹血糖、甘油三酯及高密度脂蛋白胆同醇等生化指标.采用2005年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)的MS诊断标准,分析患病率,并对其危险因素做多因素logistic回归分析.结果 哈尔滨市城乡35岁以上人群MS的患病率为24.60%(男22.49%,女26.29%),标化患病率为23.31%(男22.12%,女25.19%),女性高于男性.城市MS患病率显著高于农村(26.70%对20.05%,P<0.05).女性MS患病率随年龄增加而升高.MS中以高体重指数、高血糖和高甘油三酯患病率较高.性别、年龄、就业情况、饮酒史、高血压家族史、文化程度和吸烟均为Ms的危险因素.结论 哈尔滨市城乡35岁以上人群Ms患病率高达24.60%,已成为影响城乡居民健康的重大公共卫生问题,应加强防治工作力度.