大学生精神健康水平与网络成瘾

目的探讨大学生精神健康水平与网络成瘾的关系。方法用网络成瘾测查表（Internet Addiction Test）、90项症状清单（SCL-90）对746名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果网络成瘾组SCL-90总分和全部因子分均高于非网络成瘾组。网络成瘾与SCL-90总分，躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等因子分呈正相关。多元逐步回归分析显示，精神病性和抑郁是主要影响因素。结论网络成瘾大学生的精神健康水平明显低于非网络成瘾者。大学生精神健康水平对网络成瘾具有影响作用。     

Mental Health Literacy of University Students in Vietnam and Cambodia

Mental health literacy (MHL) refers to knowledge and attitudes that shape the recognition, management, and prevention of mental disorders. While the topic has been exhaustively researched in Western countries, research from Southeast Asia still is limited. Previous studies in this field showed a moderate recognition of mental disorders, a high prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes and a low willingness to seek professional help among Southeastern-Asian populations. This study explored the level of MHL among university students from different parts of Vietnam and Cambodia. Correlations with influencing factors (gender, age, study year, educational attainment of the parents, urban/rural origin, ethnicity, personal experiences with mental disorders) were also explored. An online survey, using a 30-item Vietnamese version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), was conducted at six university sites in Vietnam and Cambodia. Data of 1032 students from different study branches were included. The MHL of Vietnamese and Cambodian university students was lower, compared to samples from Australia or the UK. Females and students with a personal experience of mental disorders (self or family) showed a significantly higher MHL. No differences in MHL were found between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds (professional attainment of parents, urban/rural origin). Findings on the influence of ethnicity were inconclusive. MHL needs to be improved among the university students of Vietnam and Cambodia. Mental health promotion should specifically target male students, students from STEM branches, and international students.     

Academic Attainment in Students with Mental Health Difficulties in Distance Education

This investigation studied attainment in students with mental health difficulties who were taking modules by distance learning with the UK Open University in 2012. Students with mental health difficulties who had no additional disabilities were less likely than nondisabled students to complete the modules that they had taken and less likely to pass the modules that they had completed. However, they were just as likely as nondisabled students to obtain good grades for the modules that they had passed when the effects of age, gender, prior qualifications, and financial assistance had been taken into account. Students with mental health difficulties who had additional disabilities were less likely than nondisabled students to complete the modules that they had taken, less likely to pass the modules that they had completed, and less likely to obtain good grades for the modules that they had passed.     

Cross-National Comparison of Middle Eastern University Students: Help-Seeking Behaviors,Attitudes Toward Helping Professionals,and Cultural Beliefs About Mental Health Problems

This study is the first to use identical data collection processes and instruments in Egypt, Kuwait, Palestine, and Israeli Arab communities regarding help-seeking behaviors and attitudes towards perceived cultural beliefs about mental health problems. Data is based on a survey sample of 716, undergraduate students in the 4 countries, 61% female and 39% male. Results indicate that respondents within the various countries, based on nationality, gender and level of education, vary in terms of recognition of personal need, beliefs about mental health problems (i.e. stigmatization), and the use of traditional healing methods versus modern approaches to psychiatric therapy. The conclusion discusses differences between our respondents’ expectations and prevailing mental health service provision and delivery.

Development of Mental Health Indicators in Korea

Objective

Promoting mental health and preventing mental health problems are important tasks for international organizations and nations. Such goals entail the establishment of active information networks and effective systems and indicators to assess the mental health of populations. This being said, there is a need in Korea develop ways to measure the state of mental health in Korea.

Methods

This paper reviews the mental health indicator development policies and practices of seven organizations, countries, and regions: WHO, OECD, EU, United States, Australia, UK, and Scotland. Using Delphi method, we conducted two surveys of mental health indicators for experts in the field of mental health. The survey questionnaire included 5 domains: mental health status, mental health factor, mental health system, mental health service, and quality of mental health services. We considered 124 potential mental health indicators out of more than 600 from indicators of international organizations and foreign countries.

Results

We obtained the top 30 mental health indicators from the surveys. Among them, 10 indicators belong to the mental health system. The most important five mental health indicators are suicide rate, rate of increase in mental disorder treatment, burden caused by mental disorders, adequacy of identifying problems of mental health projects and deriving solutions, and annual prevalence of mental disorders.

Conclusion

Our study provides information about the process for indicator development and the use of survey results to measure the mental health status of the Korean population. The aim of mental health indicator development is to improve the mental health system by better grasping the current situation. We suggest these mental health indicators can monitor progress in efforts to implement reform policies, provide community services, and involve users, families and other stakeholders in mental health promotion, prevention, care and rehabilitation.     

江门市新会区高中生独生子女心理健康状况的抽样调查

目的调查江门市新会区高中生独生子女的心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量表对江门市新会区三所高中的103名独生子女和464名非独生子女进行心理卫生评定。结果约20．39％的高中独生子女存在明显的心理问题,其阳性检出率同非独生子女（15．3％）无明显差异。单亲家庭独生子女阳性检出率高于核心家庭及大家庭（P〈0．05）。独生子女Scl-90中8个因子得分高于非独生子女,其中尤以强迫、偏执、精神病性因子分差异显著（P〈0．05）,女生在强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐怖、敌对及精神病性得分显著高于男生（P〈0．05）。结论高中生独生子女心理健康状况总体上与非独生子女相近,单亲家庭及女生心理问题较多。     

The Need for Mental Health Promotion and Early Intervention Services for Higher Education Students in Singapore

Student stress and depression in Singapore have a negative impact on students’ academic performance, social involvement and interpersonal relationships. In some Asian cultures, family emphasis on success places additional social and cultural pressure on students. University stressors include lack of economic resources, curriculum demands on time, examination pressure, living away from home and loss of school friends, as well as the need to uphold family respect. In university, students often become anonymous, in a new educational environment far beyond that which they have experienced in secondary school. This paper draws together information related to the demographics of depression in Singapore across education sectors. The discussion is also focused on suicide, and the need for mental health services to identify appropriate intervention and mental health promotion strategies for Singapore students, in particular university students. A number of recommendations for change are considered.     

Prevalence of Anxiety and Associated Factors among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan

Mental health difficulties can impact students’ motivation, focus, and ability to communicate with others. Students attending medical universities are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and other mood changes for the first time. However, no study has examined their prevalence among Japanese rehabilitation students. This study investigated the prevalence of anxiety among Japanese rehabilitation students and aimed to identify its predictors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 148 first-year physical and occupational therapy students at a private medical university in Japan in June 2022. Data on sociodemographic and personal characteristics, such as gender, age, subject major, regular exercise, place of residence, and sleeping hours, were recorded using an original questionnaire. Instruments included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, COVID-19 questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition (BDI-II). The results indicated that 83 (56%) and 77 (52%) students exhibited state anxiety and trait anxiety symptoms, respectively. Thirty-four (23%) students experienced mild depressive symptoms. Associations were further determined between gender, subject major, handling of stress, loneliness, satisfaction with life, satisfaction with social connections, anxiety about the future, satisfaction with school life, fulfillment of friendships, and depression. Several variables demonstrated a statistically significant association: handling stress (p < 0.05; 95% CI 0.409–2.472), satisfaction with life (p < 0.01; 95% CI 0.500–0.897), anxiety about the future (p < 0.01; 95% CI 1.397–4.087), and depression (total score of BDI-II, p < 0.01; 95% CI 1.555–100.742). Our results emphasize that universities must establish a system for early identification and support of anxiety and depression in students.     

Postdeployment, Self-Reporting of Mental Health Problems, and Barriers to Care

PURPOSE.  This study explored the relationship between self-reported mental health symptoms and help-seeking behaviors of active-duty Air Force members.
DESIGN AND METHODS.  Mixed-methods approach reviewed 200 postdeployment surveys from active-duty members assigned to Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, USA. Chi-square analysis examined significance between self-reporting mental health problems and accessing treatment.
FINDINGS.  As the rate of self-reported mental health symptoms increased, active-duty members were less inclined to seek help. There were inconsistencies among gender for self-reporting and accessing services.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Air Force psychiatric nurses need to be at the forefront of outreach services when treating combat-stressed troops.     

肢体残疾医科大学生个性及心理健康状况调查

目的 了解肢体残疾医科大学生的个性特征及心理健康水平。方法 用艾森克(EPQ)人格问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)，对我校肢体残痰的临床医学系本科二、三年级大学生和同期入校、同步学习的肢体健康的临床医学系本科学生进行测试，将所得材料统计分析。结果 肢体残疾医科大学生，N和P得分高于对照组，E得分低于对照组，SCL-90中，在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、偏执等因子得分显高于对照组。结论 肢体残痰医科大学生个性特征有别于肢体健康的大学生，心理健康水平也低于肢体健康的大学生。     

健康宣教对脑血管病患者心理健康的影响

目的 探讨综合健康宣教模式对脑血管病患者焦虑-抑郁障碍的影响。方法 采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression,HRSD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA）进行焦虑-抑郁程度的评价,将门诊患有焦虑-抑郁的脑血管病患者60例按照连续入组前后对照的方式分为试验组和对照组各30例;对照组仅采用常规模式宣教,口服选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,SSRIs）类抗焦虑-抑郁药,而试验组实行口服SSRIs类抗焦虑-抑郁药的同时给予面对面的口头宣教、书面宣教、肢体宣教、随机宣教等模式的健康宣教,3个月后对试验组和对照组重新进行HRSD和HAMA评价。结果 经过3个月的治疗,试验组没有焦虑11例（36.7％）,可能有焦虑15例（50％）,肯定有焦虑4例（13.3％）,对照组没有焦虑2例（6.6％）,可能有焦虑14例（46.7％）,肯定有焦虑14例（46.7％）,两组复诊时焦虑障碍程度试验组明显比对照组缓解焦虑效果好,两组之间差异有显著性（P<0.05）。3个月后试验组没有抑郁12例（40％）,可能有抑郁15例（50％）,肯定有抑郁3例（10％）,对照组没有抑郁1例（3.3％）,可能有抑郁18例（60％）,肯定有抑郁11例（36.7％）,两组复诊时抑郁障碍程度试验组明显比对照组缓解抑郁效果好,两组之间差异有显著性（P <0.05）。经过3个月的治疗,对照组患者的焦虑和抑郁虽有一定的改善,但经秩和检验,差异无显著性（P >0.05）。而给患者口服抗焦虑-抑郁药治疗的同时配以健康宣教护理,对预防和缓解患者的焦虑和抑郁效果比仅采用常规模式护理的对照组有显著的提高,经秩和检验,差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论 采用健康宣教护理对预防和缓解患者的焦虑和抑郁,并配以药物治疗,其效果优于单纯药物治疗,可以增强脑血管病患者自我保健意识,减少焦虑-抑郁的发生。     

How Challenge Stress Affects Mental Health among College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy

While a plethora of studies has been conducted to examine stress and its impact on mental health in western countries, research is scarce investigating the relationship between student challenge stress and health illness in the context of Chinese colleges. No studies examined the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between challenge stress and health illness. This study attempted to investigate the relationships between these three variables among Chinese college students. Especially, this study focused on examining whether self-efficacy moderated the effect of perceived challenge stress on students’ mental health. Also, the differences were tested between male and female students in terms of these three variables. A sample of 578 Chinese college students was recruited over an approximately 12-week period from 7 Chinese universities. An online survey link was distributed through WeChat. The SPSS version 26 software was used to analyze the data. Results showed that there is no significant difference between genders in terms of perceived challenge stress, self-efficacy, and students’ mental health. In addition, challenge stress was positively related to the students’ mental health (β = 0.35, p < 0.01) while there was a negative association between self-efficacy and mental health (β = −0.41, p < 0.01). Furthermore, self-efficacy plays a moderating role in the relationship between challenge stress and mental health (β = −0.11, p = 0.02). Students with low self-efficacy tend to experience more mental health issues. It is suggested that Chinese colleges and universities pay more attention to students with low self-efficacy, either through faculty/staff interventions or peer counseling. Professors consider reducing students’ academic stress to improve their mental health.     

Multitasking Behavior and Perceptions of Academic Performance in University Business Students in Mexico during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The current study measures the influence of multitasking behavior and self-efficacy for self-regulated learning (SESRL) on perceptions of academic performance and views in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. 264 university students fulfilled an online questionnaire. It was observed that multitasking behavior negatively influences SESRL (−0.203), while SESRL showed a positive influence of 0.537 on perceptions of academic performance, and multitasking behavior had an influence of −0.097 on the perception of academic performance. Cronbach’s alpha and Average Variance Extracted values were 0.809 and 0.577 (multitasking behavior), 0.819 and 0.626 (SESRL), 0.873 and 0.725 (perceptions of academic performance), respectively. The results of the bootstrapping test showed that the path coefficients were significant. The study outcomes can support new plans in universities to ensure the best academic outcomes. Our study showed evidence of the COVID-19 impact on education behavior. This study’s novelty is based on using the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to evaluate these variables.     

How Parents Seek Help for Children with Mental Health Problems

Parents seeking help for their child's mental health problem face a complicated system of services. We examined how parents navigate the various services available. Sixty parents contacting a children's mental health center were interviewed regarding their efforts and rationale in seeking help for their child. On average, in the year prior to the interview parents sought help for two different child problems, contacted five different agencies or professionals for help, and parents and/or children received two different treatments. One fifth of the time parents said they accepted treatments that they did not want. Almost all parents (87%) were simultaneously in contact with more than one agency at some point within the previous year. Future help-seeking models need to capture the iterative referral process that many parents experience.     

Managing Mental Health Problems in Everyday Life: Drug Treatment Clients’ Self-Care Strategies

Little is understood about the self-care activities undertaken by drug treatment clients. Using data from a qualitative study of drug treatment and mental health we identify the self-care practices of drug treatment clients diagnosed with anxiety and depression. Seventy-seven participants were interviewed in four sites across Australia. Participants described a range of self-care practices for mental health including: self-medication, seeking social support, physical exercise, counselling-derived techniques, keeping busy and other less common strategies. These findings show that drug treatment clients undertake similar self-care practices to the general population and illicit drug users and that these activities echo beneficial practices identified in the research literature. The results suggest opportunities for service providers to work with clients on self-care activities that may improve mental health. Tensions between consumer and professional views of self-care, and the limits to encouraging self-care as a substitute for treatment, are discussed.     

Factors Associated with Mental Health Service Need and Utilization among Unaccompanied Refugee Adolescents

This study is the first to address the need for mental health Care (MHC) and the patterns of utilization of MHC services among Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM). Information concerning the well being, mental health need, and utilization of services of URM was collected from three informants, the minors themselves (n = 920), their legal guardians (n = 557), and their teachers (n = 496). The well-being, need and utilization of MHC services of URM was compared with those of a representative Dutch adolescent sample (n = 1059). The findings of this study indicated that URM that report a mental health care need (57.8%) also report higher levels of emotional distress than Dutch adolescents who report a similar need for MHC (8.2%). In addition, guardians and teachers detect emotional distress and mental health care needs in only a small percentage (30%) of URM. The referral of URM to mental health care services does not appear to be driven by the reported needs of the URM, but by the need and emotional distress as observed and perceived by guardians. This resulted in the fact that 48.7% of the URM total sample reported that their need for mental health care was unmet.