新型冠状病毒肺炎病例重症化影响因素及早期临床特征

  目的  通过收集分析荆州市新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）病例流行病学资料,寻找病例重症化的影响因素及早期临床特征。  方法  利用χ2检验单因素分析筛选、Logistic回归分析模型寻找COVID-19病例重症化的影响因素和早期临床特征。  结果  荆州市累计报告1 580例确诊病例及临床诊断病例,重症病例占比23.61%（373/1 580）。多因素分析结果显示年龄≥49岁（OR=2.342,95% CI:1.803~3.043）、确诊病例（OR=2.772,95% CI:1.735~4.428）、有心脑血管疾病（OR=2.872,95% CI:1.542~5.349）是COVID-19病例临床结局演化为重症的危险因素;淋巴细胞百分比降低（OR=1.881,95% CI:1.105~3.202）、发热（OR=1.845,95% CI:1.340~2.541）、乏力（OR=1.616,95% CI:1.246~2.097）、气促（OR=1.870,95% CI:1.197~2.923）是COVID-19病例临床结局演化为重症的早期临床特征。  结论  年老者、患心脑血管疾病的COVID-19病例及早期出现发热、乏力、气促、淋巴细胞比降低的COVID-19病例均需警惕其重症化演变。     

河南省新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者临床症状影响因素分析

  目的  分析河南省新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者临床症状的影响因素,指导疫情防控。  方法  将河南省安阳市2022年1月本土Omicron感染者作为研究对象,收集其流行病学调查、实验室检测等信息,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。  结果  共报告468例感染者,其中重型2例(0.4%),无死亡病例,具有临床症状的90例(19.2%);38例(8.1%)未接种或未全程接种新型冠状病毒(简称新冠)疫苗,92例(19.7%)完成全程接种新冠疫苗超过6个月(含完成加强接种在28 d内),338例(72.2%)完成全程接种新冠疫苗在6个月内或完成加强接种超过28 d。有症状的病例中女性构成比高于男性(χ2=4.270,P=0.039);全程接种在6个月内的比例低于无症状的病例(χ2=9.882,P=0.007)。多因素logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,全程接种在6个月内及完成加强接种超过28 d是出现症状的保护因素(OR=0.455, 95% CI: 0.212~0.978, P=0.044)。  结论  对于Omicron,全程接种新冠疫苗在6个月内及加强接种可以减少或减轻症状,应持续推进疫苗接种工作。     

珠海市一起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情流行病学调查

目的 对珠海市一起新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎,COVID-19)聚集性疫情进行流行病学调查分析,为防控策略提供依据。 方法 采用现场流行病学方法对该起疫情7例病例、3例无症状感染者及密切接触者进行调查,描述分析流行病学特征以及传播链;实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)核酸。 结果 余某家族4个家庭18人,2020年1月16—21日从武汉分批到珠海并入住GLHT等酒店,1月24日年夜饭聚餐。病例1于1月27日发病,2月12日发现并确诊。2月12—28日17名密切接触者集中隔离期间相继有7名人员SARS-CoV-2核酸筛查阳性;解除隔离后第7 d(3月5日)又有2名人员筛查阳性,为无症状感染者。本次疫情共7例病例、3例无症状感染者,传播链分析可能有4代感染者,暴露时间均为集中隔离前。 结论 COVID-19发病前3 d具有传染性,密切接触者暴露后SARS-CoV-2核酸转阳最长时间≥15 d,14 d隔离期不足以排除所有感染者。     

陕西省新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例空间流行病学特征及影响因素

  目的  描述陕西省COVID-19确诊病例的空间流行病学特征,分析其相关因素,为陕西省新型冠状病毒肺炎的防控工作的开展提供参考依据。  方法  收集陕西省COVID-19确诊病例信息及相关社会经济学数据,分析确诊病例的时间及空间分布特征,采用广义线性模型探索人群COVID-19发病与社会经济因素之间的关联。  结果  2020年1月23日,陕西省首次报告4例,2月4日新增确诊病例最高达23例,2月19日后再无新增。输入型病例比本地病例更早出现并达到新增高峰,且更早进入归零期。空间分析结果显示,确诊病例数最多的地市为西安市(120例),占总数的48.98%,确诊病例较多的区县为莲湖区、雁塔区、新城区和未央区。与各区县确诊病例数相关的社会经济学因素为教育支出(IRR=0.287, 95% CI:0.134~0.612)、人均生产总值(IRR=1.143, 95% CI:1.049~1.245)及各区县与武汉市的距离(IRR=0.995, 95% CI:0.992~0.998)。  结论  应针对重点地区和人群在疫情出现早期积极采取相应的措施,及早控制疫情的发展蔓延。     

福建省新型冠状病毒肺炎患者密切接触者的流行病学特征与感染危险因素

  目的   探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)患者的密切接触者的流行病学特征和感染的危险因素。   方法   描述2020年福建省111名COVID-19患者的密切接触者特征, 以111名(102名确诊和9名无症状感染者)感染新型冠状病毒的密切接触者为病例组, 以未感染新型冠状病毒且资料完整的2 337名密切接触者为对照组, 采用Logistic回归分析模型探讨密切接触者感染的危险因素。   结果   111例中男性57名, 女性54名, 男女比为1.1:1, 年龄中位数为49.5岁, 密切接触者感染率为1.7%(111/6 718)。引起47起聚集性疫情, 占总起数88.7%(47/53), 占总病例数54.7%(162/296), 有7例潜伏期超过14 d, 最长达21 d, 1起聚集性疫情显示原代病例发病前2 d具有感染性。家庭续发率4.2%(73/1 739)、社区续发率为10.1%(24/237)、养老院续发率2.7%(7/256)、社交场所续发率为2.0%(4/199)、工作场所续发率3.0%(3/99), 续发率差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.76, P < 0.001)。确诊病例以轻型和普通型为主(88.2%), 临床严重程度与原代病例没有区别。最后接触到确定密切接触者时间中位数为2 d, 确定密切接触者到实施隔离时间为中位数1 d, 最后接触到发病时间中位数为7 d, 发病至就诊时间中位数为4.9 d, 就诊到确诊均在当天完成。多因素分析结果显示, 随着年龄的增大, 感染风险越大, 15~岁(OR=4.22, 95% CI:1.79~9. 96)和≥50岁(OR=6.61, 95% CI:2.77~15.78);接触频率时间越久, 受感染的机会越大, 一般接触(OR=3.58, 95% CI:1.70~7.54)和经常接触(OR=8.30, 95% CI:4.65~14.80);暴露于现症病例(OR=3.64, 95% CI:1.65~8.04)更易感染。   结论   新型冠状病毒续发率较高, 在2.0%以上; 感染新型冠状病毒的密切接触者临床严重程度与原代病例没有差别, 均以轻症为主, 年龄、接触频率和原代病例有无症状是其危险因素; 密切接触者协同追踪管理信息化程度不高, 成效不理想。     

六安市69例新型冠状病毒肺炎病例的流行病学特征

  目的  探究六安市COVID-19病例的流行特征,为该地COVID-19疫情防控提供科学依据。  方法  选取截至2020年2月18日24时传染病报告系统中六安市所有COVID-19确诊病例,收集一般人口学特征、病例发病和就诊信息、流行病学特征等资料描述病例特征,采用SaTScan 9.6.0.0软件分析疾病传播的时空分布特征,应用Excel 2010软件绘制流行曲线。  结果  六安截至2020年2月18日共报告确诊病例69例,男性(44例)多于女性(25例),年龄集中在36~45岁(37.68%),工人最多(24.64%)。首发症状以发热(50例,72.46%)、咳嗽(25例,36.23%)和乏力(12例,17.40%)为主。全市以金寨县(23例)、霍山县(17例)和霍邱县(13例)疫情最严重。发病数于1月25~28日出现首个流行峰,1月27日出现单日最高,后呈下降趋势。共发生45例聚集性病例。  结论  六安市COVID-19疫情总体可防可控,后期需警惕家庭聚集性和无症状感染者以及输入性病例传播的风险,做好密切接触者的排查工作。     

基于网络数据的新型冠状病毒肺炎流行特征分析

  目的  分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, 简称“新冠肺炎”)的流行病学特征与部分临床特征,为新冠肺炎的防控提供参考依据。  方法  通过爬虫技术爬取“今日头条”网站发布的新冠肺炎确诊病例及其活动轨迹信息,进行统计分析。  结果  2020年1月8日-2020年2月16日,共收集到病例6 814例,省会及直辖市病例数占15.13%,地级市及县镇病例数占63.98%,农村病例数占比13.41%;新冠肺炎确诊人数呈先增加后减少的趋势;男性确诊患者数量较女性确诊患者数量多5.85%,不同年龄段的性别构成差异有统计学意义(x2 =36.466,P < 0.001);患者年龄中位数为45岁,18~45岁分段人数最多,占44.35%;患者潜伏期中位数为8 d,潜伏期在1~14 d内的患者占86%,不同年龄段分组,男女潜伏期天数的差异均无统计学意义(均有P>0.05)。  结论  人群对新型冠状病毒普遍易感,潜伏期符合一般病毒的规律。由于我国疫情防控措施得当,且传播风险期短,疫情的发展得到遏制。新冠肺炎流行病学特征的研究成果将为我国新冠肺炎新一波疫情防控和复工复学的策略制定提供参考依据。     

SARS-CoV-2原型株无症状感染对Omicron株BA.1、BA.2与BA.5的保护概率

  目的  评估SARS-CoV-2原型株无症状感染后对奥密克戎株(B.1.1.529,Omicron)BA.1、BA.2与BA.5感染、有症状感染和重症感染的保护概率。  方法  基于前期研究得到的无症状感染原型株者中和抗体动态曲线,利用logistic回归的预测模型估计无症状感染者在确诊后28 d、51 d和261 d对Omicron株BA.1、BA.2和BA.5感染所致的感染、有症状感染、重症三种结局的保护概率。  结果  SARS-CoV-2原型株无症状感染者在确诊后28 d,对Omicron株BA.1、BA.2和BA.5再感染的保护概率分别为30%(95% CI:16%~52%)、23%(95% CI:15%~36%)和8%(95% CI:4%~16%),到261 d分别降至9%(95% CI:3%~21%)、6%(95% CI:3%~12%)和2%(95% CI:1%~4%);确诊后28 d,对Omicron株BA.1、BA.2和BA.5有症状感染的保护概率分别为51%(95% CI:28%~80%)、42%(95% CI:26%~67%)和16%(95% CI:7%~40%),到261 d分别降至16%(95% CI:7%~35%)、12%(95% CI:7%~22%)和3%(95% CI:1%~8%);确诊后28 d对Omicron株BA.1、BA.2和BA.5感染所致的重症结局的保护概率分别为91%(95% CI:72%~98%)、88%(95% CI:70%~97%)和66%(95% CI:35%~90%),到261 d分别降至60%(95% CI:35%~86%)、51%(95% CI:32%~75%)和22%(95% CI:10%~50%)。  结论  SARS-CoV-2原型株无症状感染者体内的中和抗体对Omicron株BA.5的保护概率低于BA.1和BA.2,对重症结局的保护效果较好,有症状感染次之,对感染的保护效果较差。     

COVID-19疫情背景下医务工作人员职业倦怠情况及其影响因素的分析

  目的  了解COVID-19疫情背景下定州市和青岛市两地医务工作人员发生职业倦怠情况及其影响因素。  方法  2021年7月―2021年8月对定州市和青岛市的医务工作者进行横断面调查。利用职业倦怠调查普适量表(maslach burnout inventory general survey, MBI-GS)评价职业倦怠水平,采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验和二分类logistic回归分析模型分析医务工作者职业倦怠水平的影响因素。  结果  982名被调查者中,发生职业倦怠的比例为91.1%,其中达到轻中度、重度的比例分别为71.5%和19.6%。多因素分析显示工作满意度感觉一般或者比较不满意(OR=3.108, 95% CI: 1.653~5.843)、应对方式为消极应对(OR=1.129, 95% CI: 1.071~1.191)人群发生重度职业倦怠者风险更高;同时睡眠时间缩短(OR=0.331, 95% CI: 0.166~0.662)的人群发生重度职业倦怠者风险更低。Spearman相关分析中,医务工作者的积极应对方式、消极应对方式与职业倦怠呈正相关(P < 0.001),社会支持情况、生活满意度情况与职业倦怠呈负相关(P < 0.001)。  结论  定州市和青岛市大部分的医务工作人员职业倦怠水平较高,需提高工作和生活满意度等关怀和社会支持力度,同时也要考虑适当增加防疫工作中的认同感和积极性以促进职业健康水平。     

浙江省≥60岁人群新冠疫苗接种意愿和影响因素

  目的  了解浙江省≥60岁人群新型冠状病毒疫苗(简称新冠疫苗)的接种意愿及其影响因素。  方法  2020年9月1日—2020年11月30日采用分层抽样法对浙江省≥60岁人群进行问卷调查,收集基本信息、接种意愿、COVID-19风险意识等信息,采用χ2检验比较各组接种意愿率的差异,并用多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析接种意愿的影响因素。  结果  共1 858名≥60岁老年人完成调查,其新冠疫苗免费接种、自费接种的意愿率分别为88.3%和66.1%。多因素Logistic回归分析模型显示,对于免费接种,居住在乡村(OR=1.6,95% CI:1.2~2.2)、无外出(OR=1.6,95% CI:1.1~2.3)、听说过COVID-19(OR=3.7,95% CI:2.4~5.8)、认为COVID-19会造成严重后果(OR=2.3,95% CI:1.6~3.5)的老年人接种意愿更高。愿意自费接种的主要原因是认同新冠疫苗的安全性和有效性;不愿意自费接种的原因主要包括新冠疫苗需要收费和担心新冠疫苗的不良反应。  结论  浙江省≥60岁人群新冠疫苗免费接种意愿较高,但仍应加强关于新冠疫苗知识的宣传教育,并落实全民免费接种政策,以增强该人群接种疫苗的依从性。     

Comparison of culture-competent virus shedding duration of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in regard to vaccination status: A prospective cohort study

Previous studies have shown that fully vaccinated patients with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variants has shorter viable viral shedding period compared to unvaccinated or partially vaccinated patients. However, data about effects of vaccination against the viable viral shedding period in patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants were limited. We compared the viable viral shedding period of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant regard to vaccination status. Saliva samples were obtained daily from patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, and genomic assessments and virus culture was performed to those samples. We found no difference in viable viral shedding period between fully vaccinated and not or partially vaccinated, nor between 1st boostered vs non-boostered patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.     

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and respiratory syncytial virus coinfection in children

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has infected many people around the world. Children are considered an important target group for SARS-CoV-2, as well as other viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus infection. Both SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus can affect the respiratory tract. Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus can pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment in children. This review compares the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.     

Universal Admission Screening for SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Hospitalized Patients,Switzerland, 2020

Switzerland began a national lockdown on March 16, 2020, in response to the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, in April 2020. These 4 acute care hospitals screened 2,807 patients, including 2,278 (81.2%) who did not have symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Overall, 529 (18.8%) persons had >1 symptom of COVID-19, of whom 60 (11.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Eight asymptomatic persons (0.4%) also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Our findings indicate that screening on the basis of COVID-19 symptoms, regardless of clinical suspicion, can identify most SARS-CoV-2–positive persons in a low-prevalence setting.     

Seropositivity to Nucleoprotein to detect mild and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: A complementary tool to detect breakthrough infections after COVID-19 vaccination?

BackgroundWith COVID-19 vaccine roll-out ongoing in many countries globally, monitoring of breakthrough infections is of great importance. Antibodies persist in the blood after a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Since COVID-19 vaccines induce immune response to the Spike protein of the virus, which is the main serosurveillance target to date, alternative targets should be explored to distinguish infection from vaccination.MethodsMultiplex immunoassay data from 1,513 SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR-tested individuals (352 positive and 1,161 negative) without COVID-19 vaccination history were used to determine the accuracy of Nucleoprotein-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in detecting past SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also described Spike S1 and Nucleoprotein-specific IgG responses in 230 COVID-19 vaccinated individuals (Pfizer/BioNTech).ResultsThe sensitivity of Nucleoprotein seropositivity was 85% (95% confidence interval: 80–90%) for mild COVID-19 in the first two months following symptom onset. Sensitivity was lower in asymptomatic individuals (67%, 50–81%). Participants who had experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection up to 11 months preceding vaccination, as assessed by Spike S1 seropositivity or RT-qPCR, produced 2.7-fold higher median levels of IgG to Spike S1 ≥ 14 days after the first dose as compared to those unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 at ≥ 7 days after the second dose (p = 0.011). Nucleoprotein-specific IgG concentrations were not affected by vaccination in infection-naïve participants.ConclusionsSerological responses to Nucleoprotein may prove helpful in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infections after vaccination. Furthermore, it can help interpret IgG to Spike S1 after COVID-19 vaccination as particularly high responses shortly after vaccination could be explained by prior exposure history.     

COVID-19 in the New York City Jail System: Epidemiology and Health Care Response,March–April 2020

ObjectivesPeople detained in correctional facilities are at high risk for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We described the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in a large urban jail system, including signs and symptoms at time of testing and risk factors for hospitalization.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study included all patients aged ≥18 years who were tested for COVID-19 during March 11–April 28, 2020, while in custody in the New York City jail system (N = 978). We described demographic characteristics and signs and symptoms at the time of testing and performed Cox regression analysis to identify factors associated with hospitalization among those with a positive test result.ResultsOf 978 people tested for COVID-19, 568 received a positive test result. Among symptomatic patients, the most common symptoms among those who received a positive test result were cough (n = 293 of 510, 57%) and objective fever (n = 288 of 510, 56%). Of 257 asymptomatic patients who were tested, 58 (23%) received a positive test result. Forty-five (8%) people who received a positive test result were hospitalized for COVID-19. Older age (aged ≥55 vs 18-34) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 13.41; 95% CI, 3.80-47.33) and diabetes mellitus (aHR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.00-3.95) were significantly associated with hospitalization.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of people tested in New York City jails received a positive test result for COVID-19, including a large proportion of people tested while asymptomatic. During periods of ongoing transmission, asymptomatic screening should complement symptom-driven COVID-19 testing in correctional facilities. Older patients and people with diabetes mellitus should be closely monitored after COVID-19 diagnosis because of their increased risk for hospitalization.     

Risk of COVID-19 and major adverse clinical outcomes among people with disabilities in South Korea

BackgroundEvidence regarding the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the major adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 among people with disabilities (PwDs) is scarce.ObjectiveThis study investigated the association of disability status with the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test positivity and the risk of major adverse clinical outcomes among participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.MethodsThis study included all patients (n = 8070) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and individuals without COVID-19 (n = 121,050) in South Korea from January 1 to May 30, 2020. The study variables included officially registered disability status from the government, SARS-CoV-2 test positivity, and major adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 (admission to the intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, or death).ResultsThe study participants included 129,120 individuals (including 7261 PwDs), of whom 8070 (6.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, PwDs had an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity compared with people without disabilities (odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.48). Among participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, PwDs were associated with an increased risk of major adverse clinical outcomes from COVID-19 compared to those without disabilities (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.11–1.86).ConclusionsPwDs had an increased risk of COVID-19 and major adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 compared with people without disabilities. Given the higher vulnerability of PwDs to COVID-19, tailored policy and management to protect against the risk of COVID-19 are required.     

Does BCG provide long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection? A case–control study in Quebec,Canada

BackgroundEarly in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, before severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines became available, it was hypothesized that BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin), which stimulates innate immunity, could provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. Numerous ecological studies, plagued by methodological deficiencies, revealed a country-level association between BCG use and lower COVID-19 incidence and mortality. We aimed to determine whether BCG administered in early life decreased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adulthood and the severity of COVID-19.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted in Quebec, Canada. Cases were patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test performed at two hospitals between March–October 2020. Controls were identified among patients with non-COVID-19 samples processed by the same microbiology laboratories during the same period. Enrolment was limited to individuals born in Quebec between 1956 and 1976, whose vaccine status was accessible in a computerized registry of 4.2 million BCG vaccinations.ResultsWe recruited 920 cases and 2123 controls. Fifty-four percent of cases (n = 424) and 53% of controls (n = 1127) had received BCG during childhood (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.89–1.21), while 12% of cases (n = 114) and 11% of controls (n = 235) had received two or more BCG doses (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.88–1.46). After adjusting for age, sex, material deprivation, recruiting hospital and occupation there was no evidence of protection conferred by BCG against SARS-CoV-2 (AOR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.84–1.21). Among cases, 77 (8.4%) needed hospitalization and 18 (2.0%) died. The vaccinated were as likely as the unvaccinated to require hospitalization (AOR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.62–1.67) or to die (AOR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.32–2.39).ConclusionsBCG does not provide long-term protection against symptomatic COVID-19 or severe forms of the disease.     

Protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination against long COVID syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and long COVID has not been firmly established. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between COVID-19 vaccination and long COVID.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE databases were searched on September 2022 without language restrictions (CRD42022360399) to identify prospective trials and observational studies comparing patients with and without vaccination before severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We also included studies reporting symptomatic changes of ongoing long COVID following vaccination among those with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Odds ratios (ORs) for each outcome were synthesized using a random-effects model. Symptomatic changes after vaccination were synthesized by a one-group meta-analysis.ResultsSix observational studies involving 536,291 unvaccinated and 84,603 vaccinated (before SARS-CoV-2 infection) patients (mean age, 41.2–66.6; female, 9.0–67.3%) and six observational studies involving 8,199 long COVID patients (mean age, 40.0 to 53.5; female, 22.2–85.9%) who received vaccination after SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Two-dose vaccination was associated with a lower risk of long COVID compared to no vaccination (OR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–0.92) and one-dose vaccination (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43–0.83). Two-dose vaccination compared to no vaccination was associated with a lower risk of persistent fatigue (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41–0.93) and pulmonary disorder (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.47–0.52). Among those with ongoing long COVID symptoms, 54.4% (95% CI, 34.3–73.1%) did not report symptomatic changes following vaccination, while 20.3% (95% CI, 8.1–42.4%) experienced symptomatic improvement after two weeks to six months of COVID-19 vaccination.ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a lower risk of long COVID, while most of those with ongoing long COVID did not experience symptomatic changes following vaccination.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎研究进展

2019年12月底,中国暴发了一场不明微生物引发的病毒性肺炎。经研究确认,该不明微生物为一种新的冠状病毒,即严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2）,2020年2月,WHO将SARS-CoV-2感染的肺炎正式命名为新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease-2019, COVID-19）。随着对SARS-CoV-2及其引发肺炎研究的深入,SARS-CoV-2特点、COVID-19临床及流行病学特征、临床诊治技术等研究内容陆续在国内外杂志报道。本文对已开展的COVID-19研究工作梳理总结,围绕溯源分析、检测手段、临床表现、药物研发、病毒传播等5个方面进行综述,以期对临床及科研工作者提供帮助。