microRNAs与胃癌治疗

microRNAs（miRNAs）是真核生物中一类小分子非编码单链RNA,在转录后水平上调控靶mRNA的表达。目前,miRNA功能学研究发现miRNA与胃癌的侵袭转移、化疗耐药、放疗增敏、血管形成、基因甲基化、诊断和预后有直接关系,提示miRNA有可能成为肿瘤治疗的新思路。本文将阐述miRNA和胃癌放化疗的关系及其作为诊断、预后因子和基因治疗靶点基础研究方面的新进展。     

循环microRNA在胃癌临床诊断及预后中的研究进展

microRNAs（miRNAs）是一类长约22个核苷酸的内源性非编码RNA分子,通过与靶基因mRNA 3'-非编码区相互作用引起靶基因mRNA降解或翻译抑制,在转录后水平发挥着重要的调控功能。有关miRNA在癌症中的功能已经进行了广泛研究,最近发现外周血等体液中存在miRNA,并且多种癌症患者的外周血miRNA表达谱发生特异性改变。越来越多证据表明循环miRNA可作为一种新颖的分子标志物应用于癌症诊断和预后评估。本文针对循环miRNA在胃癌诊断、评估和预后等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

RNA结合蛋白QKI在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

Quaking基因编码的QKI蛋白为具有信号转导特性和RNA激活功能的RNA结合蛋白,其在胚胎发育、神经髓鞘形成等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。近年来有研究发现QKI蛋白在肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌等多种恶性肿瘤中表达下调,并与肿瘤的侵袭、转移及预后相关。QKI蛋白可通过选择性剪接、细胞周期调控、上皮间质转化等机制参与肿瘤发生发展。而QKI蛋白的表达和功能受DNA甲基化、基因融合、miRNAs、翻译后修饰等机制调节。Quaking作为一种潜在的抑癌基因,有望成为肿瘤诊断和治疗中重要的生物标志物。本文就QKI蛋白在恶性肿瘤发生发展中相关的功能研究及上下游调控机制进行综述。      

miR-485-5p在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长度约22个核苷酸的非编码RNA,在基因表达调控中,参与多种重要的生理和病理过程。miRNAs能够特异性结合靶基因序列,抑制基因的转录或翻译,从而抑制基因在转录或转录后水平上的表达。miRNAs作为肿瘤抑制因子或促进因子在癌症发生发展中经常失调。最近的研究发现miR-485-5p在多种癌症中表达下调,并调控肿瘤细胞生长、增殖、侵袭和迁移。miR-485-5p在肿瘤诊断、治疗及预后相关方面可作为具有潜在价值的肿瘤标志物,并有望成为临床肿瘤靶向治疗的新的治疗靶点。本文围绕miR-485-5p在肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌及其他恶性肿瘤中的研究进展展开综述并对其未来应用和发展进行展望。     

微RNA与头颈鳞癌的研究进展

微RNA(miRNA)在转录后水平调控靶基因的表达.头颈肿瘤中存在多种miRNA的差异表达,其参与细胞发育、增殖、分化、凋亡等一系列重要生物学进程,有望成为诊断治疗头颈肿瘤的有效手段.     

微小ＲＮＡ与乳腺癌相关性的研究进展

微小ＲＮＡ（ｍｉＲＮＡ）通过与靶基因互补位点结合在转录后水平负性调控靶基因的表达。ｍｉＲＮＡ发挥类似于癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化和细胞凋亡过程。乳腺癌是目前女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,ｍｉＲＮＡ在乳腺癌中的研究也是当前一大热点,ｍｉＲＮＡ在乳腺癌的诊断和治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文就ｍｉＲＮＡ与乳腺癌相关的研究热点与难点作一综述。     

乳腺癌相关MicroRNAs研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类广泛存在于真核细胞中长约18~23个核苷酸的小分子非编码RNA,具有转录后基因调控的功能,参与调节细胞的分化、增殖、凋亡、迁移等多种生物学进程.现今乳腺癌已成为女性常见的恶性肿瘤之一,但其发病病因尚未完全清楚.近年来,通过对分子生物学的研究,发现miRNAs是一类潜在的强有力的评估乳腺癌的发生、发展,诊断、治疗及预后的生物学指标.本文主要对miRNAs这一类新的肿瘤分子生物学标记物在乳腺癌中的作用机制作一综述.     

MicroRNA in HCC: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. At present, diagnostic methods such as imaging observation, serum testing and tissue biopsy, as well as treatment methods such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have certain limitations in clinical interventions for HCC due to the complex pathogenesis and drug resistance of liver cancer, which seriously affect the survival and prognosis of patients. As a large-scale cytokine, microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in regulating various life activities of cells. Extensive evidence proved that certain miRNAs are specifically expressed in the tissues and blood of HCC patients, and some of them have been confirmed as important factors that can participate in the regulation of key signaling pathways in cancer cells. For this reason, these miRNAs have great potential in clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC, and can improve the limitations of conventional diagnosis and treatment. Our paper reviews the research on miRNA biomarkers and targets in HCC in recent years, and aims to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.     

微小RNA与胃癌的研究进展

 微小RNA(microRNA,简称miRNA),是一类生物体内源性的非编码小RNA,在转录后水平上对基因的表达进行负调控,导致mRNA的降解或翻译抑制。影响细胞分化、增殖、凋亡、癌变等多个方面,在整个生物发育过程中产生重要的作用,miRNA可以作为癌基因或抑癌基因在胃癌中发挥作用,本文就miRNA在胃癌中的表达及其作用研究进展作一综述。     

MicroRNA‐148a is downregulated in gastric cancer,targets MMP7, and indicates tumor invasiveness and poor prognosis

Gastric cancer (GC) develops through deregulation of gene expression and accumulation of epigenetic abnormalities, leading to tumor cell acquisition of malignant features. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in cancer development where they can act as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. To identify miRNAs that are associated with some clinicopathologic features of GC and/or participate in tumor progression, miRNA expression in 20 GC tissues and five corresponding non‐neoplastic gastric mucosa was examined by miRNA microarray. Oligonucleotide array analysis was carried out for miRNA target prediction. The functions of candidate miRNAs and their target genes were also analyzed by quantitative RT‐PCR, Western blotting, reporter gene assay, and cell invasion assay. Comparison of miRNA expression profiles revealed that downregulation of miR‐148a was identified in most of the GC tissues. Downregulation of miR‐148a was significantly correlated with an advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor clinical outcome. Custom oligonucleotide array analysis revealed that MMP7 expression was markedly downregulated in miR‐148a‐overexpressing GC cells; MMP7 was found to be a direct and functional target of miR‐148a, participating in cell invasion. These results suggest that miR‐148a contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis in normal stomach tissue and plays an important role in GC invasion by regulating MMP7 expression.     

MicroRNAs与食管癌关系的研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长18～24个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA,可通过负调控靶基因,参与体内的基本信号传导途径.其主要来源于组织、血液、唾液,越来越多的研究资料表明不同来源的miRNAs在食管癌的发生、发展过程中发挥着肿瘤癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,并且在食管癌及其癌前病变的早期诊断、早期治疗及预后中有可能成为新型的分子标志物和基因治疗的新靶点.全文就不同来源的miRNAs在食管癌及其癌前病变的诊断、预后及基因治疗方面的潜在作用作一综述.     

外泌体在胃癌发生发展及转移中作用的研究现状及进展

外泌体是一种由各种细胞分泌的、广泛存在于人体各种体液中的直径为50~100 nm的细胞外囊泡,其囊泡内携带 DNA、microRNA(miRNA)、蛋白质及脂质等多种生物活性物质,其通过细胞间的物质交换及信号传递作用参与多种生理病理过程。目前研究显示外泌体在胃癌的早期诊断、发生发展、转移、治疗、耐药及预后等方面均发挥着重要作用。本文就外泌体在胃癌的发生发展及转移方面的研究现状及进展作一综述。     

Role of circular RNAs in gastric cancer: Recent advances and prospects

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered non-coding RNA with special structure, which is widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms and mainly located in the cytoplasm. circRNAs participate in gene regulation by working as miRNA sponges that block the inhibitory effect of miRNA on its target genes. In addition, circRNAs can bind to RNA binding proteins to regulate gene expression. Based on characteristics of stability, expression specificity and participation in gene regulation, circRNAs are expected to be biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer or potential targets for cancer therapy. With the help of bioinformatics analysis, circRNA microarray analysis and high-throughput sequencing technology, more circRNAs were discovered to participate in the progression of gastric cancer (GC) over the past three years. This article gives an overview of these recent research focusing on the roles of circRNAs in GC and highlights the advances.     

分泌型卷曲相关蛋白家族在肿瘤中的研究进展

分泌型卷曲相关蛋白(SFRP)可通过卷曲蛋白抑制Wnt信号通路的表达,SFRP基因启动子甲基化沉默与多种肿瘤的发生和转移相关,如结肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、卵巢癌等.多项研究发现SFRP具有潜在的临床价值,有望成为癌症基因诊断与治疗的新靶点.     

微小RNA与DNA甲基化相互调控在胃癌中的作用

表观遗传修饰在胃癌发生发展及预后中起重要作用.微小RNA( miRNA)和DNA甲基化是表观遗传学的两个重要调控机制.miRNA抑制靶基因信使RNA的翻译,参与基因转录后水平调控.基因启动子区CpG岛的异常甲基化与肿瘤的发生关系密切,可导致癌基因、抑癌基因或其他肿瘤相关基因的表达异常.胃癌中存在miRNA和DNA甲基化...     

Involvement of microRNAs in HER2 signaling and trastuzumab treatment

The prognostic value of HER2 has been demonstrated in many human cancer types such us breast cancer, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer. Trastuzumab is the first anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody that has remarkably improved outcomes of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. For HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancers, the addition of trastuzumab to traditional chemotherapy also significantly prolonged overall survival. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance to trastuzumab is common and results in disease progression. HER2 signaling network and mechanisms underlying the resistance have been broadly investigated in order to develop strategy to overcome the dilemma. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNA), a group of small non-coding RNAs, are involved in HER2 signaling and trastuzumab treatment. This review summarizes all the miRNAs that target HER2 and describes their activity on biological processes. Moreover, miRNAs that regulate trastuzumab resistance and relevant molecular mechanisms are highlighted. MiRNA signatures associated with HER2, miRNAs that mediate trastuzumab activity, and potential miRNA biomarkers of trastuzumab sensitivity are also discussed.     

微小RNA与宫颈癌及癌前病变的关系

微小RNA(miRNA)是一类由21～25个核糖核苷酸的非编码调控单链小分子RNA.通过对基因进行转录后的表达调控,参与许多重要的生物过程,如细胞生长、凋亡、病毒感染和癌症发展.目前,miRNA在宫颈病变中的研究主要包括miRNA在宫颈癌及癌前病变中的表达特征;miRNA与宫颈人乳头状瘤病毒感染的关系;miRNA与宫颈...     

microRNA在乳腺癌诊断及预后判断中的作用

乳腺癌是全球女性患病率最高的恶性肿瘤,严重危害广大女性的健康。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类小的内源性非编码RNA,通过与mRNA 3’端非翻译区部分互补配对,在翻译后水平调节靶基因的表达。miRNA在乳腺的发育过程中发挥多种作用,其表达异常可能导致乳腺癌的发生。乳腺癌中miRNA的异常表达,以及miRNA在血清中的稳定存在,使miRNA有望成为新的生物标志物用于乳腺癌的诊断及预后判断。