粮食中伏马菌素污染及产生源相关性研究

目的 对浙江省的723份粮食进行霉菌相分析和伏马菌素及产生源的测定，揭示污染状况和产生源的相关特性。方法 用蔡氏琼脂平板法测定霉菌污染率和侵染率。用ELISA法测定伏马菌素B1。结果 发现样品霉菌污染率达98．6％，侵染率达68．0％，主要菌相是灰绿曲霉、黑曲霉和串珠镰刀菌等，伏马菌素的样品阳性率达72．6％，平均污染量10．5mg/kg。检出的20株串珠镰刀菌全部产毒。结论 经逐步回归统计分析，粮食中的总霉菌污染量、镰刀菌总数各自与伏马菌素污染量呈一元正相关；粮食中伏马菌素污染量与串珠镰刀菌和其它镰刀菌的侵染率共同呈二元正相关，并且其它镰刀菌比串珠镰刀菌对伏马菌素污染量的影响大一倍左右，显示浙江省粮食中伏马菌素的污染具有多源性。     

四川省部份主肿霉菌及其毒素污染状况调查

报道了四川省部分地区玉米，小麦，大米３种主要粮食中霉菌侵染状况和伏马菌素Ｂ１（ＦＢ１）杂色曲霉素（ＳＴ），烟曲霉震颤素（ＦＴ）３种霉菌毒素的污染状况。结果显示３种粮食中毒菌侵染严重、其侵染率分别为９２．３％，８７２％，７２．４％，菌相以曲霉菌为主，同时检出了产生ＳＴ毒素的杂色曲霉菌。     

象山县粮食中杂色曲霉及杂色曲霉素污染调查

杂色曲霉在自然界中广泛存在，并能产生致癌毒素—杂色曲霉素（ＳＴ），国内有报道和胃癌高发有关。本站通过对６０份大米、小麦、玉米样品进行杂色曲霉和杂色曲霉素的测定。结果表明：小麦中杂色曲霉污染严重，污染率达６０％，经产毒鉴定有６０％产毒。大米、玉米中未检出杂色曲霉。三种主粮中杂色曲霉素（ＳＴ）污染较普遍，总污染率为７８．３％，平均污染量２６１．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ，最高达１６２６．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，其中小麦污染最为严重，污染率依次为小麦１００％，玉米９５％，大米４０％，平均污染量分别为小麦５３４．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，玉米２７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，大米２．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

四川省部份主粮中霉菌及其毒素污染状况调查

报道了四川省部分地区玉米、小麦、大米３种主要粮食中霉菌侵染状况和伏马菌素Ｂ_１（ＦＢ_１）、杂色曲霉素（ＳＴ）、烟曲霉震颤素（ＦＴ）３种霉菌毒素的污染状况。结果显示３种粮食中霉菌侵染严重,其侵染率分别为９２．３％、８７．２％、７２．４％。菌相以曲霉菌为主,同时检出了产生ＳＴ毒素的杂色曲霉菌。ＦＢ１和ＳＴ在粮食中污染较普遍,ＦＢ_１检出率为１２．８％～１００％,含量１５．２～２７．０ｍｇ／ｎｇ;ＳＴ检出率为３４．３％～５６．９％,含量２４．０～７５．０μｇ／ｋｇ。ＦＴ在粮食中污染率和含量均较低。     

山东省主粮中几种真菌的污染状况及菌株产毒能力调查

伏马菌素（ＦＢ）、杂色曲霉素（ＳＴ）、烟曲霉震颤素（ＦＴ）分别是串珠镰刀菌、杂色及构巢曲霉、烟曲霉产生的有毒代谢产物,是继黄曲霉毒素后发现的对人体危害较大的真菌毒素。文献报道,ＦＢ对人、畜不仅是一种促癌剂,而且是完全的致癌物;ＳＴ能诱发实验动物肝癌、...     

浙江省三个区域的粮食中杂色曲霉素污染情况分析

对浙江省三个地区的２１４份粮食用抗体酶标法进行了杂色曲霉素污染量测定分析，发现杂色曲霉素平均污染量达３６６．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，三个地区中宁波地区粮食的杂色曲霉素污染量最高，台州地区的最低。小麦的杂色曲霉素污染量最高，地区间粮食杂色曲霉素污染量差异，主要是小麦的杂色曲霉素污染量差异引起的。玉米的杂色曲霉素污染量居中，并且在三个地区中差异不明显。大米的杂色曲霉素污染量最低，在三个地区间差异也不明显。本次测定分析提示必须加强对粮食特别是小麦的杂色曲霉素污染卫生监督和管理     

安徽省主粮中杂色曲霉素污染状况调查

报道了安徽省部分地区小麦、玉米、大米三种主要粮食中霉菌侵染状况。杂色曲霉素（ＳＴ）用化学方法提取，毒素含量测定用灵敏、快速的ＥＬＬＳＡ方法。结果表明三种粮食中霉菌侵染严重，侵染率分别为９６．２７％，８４．７９％和２６．８０％。霉菌菌相以曲霉为主。ＳＴ在粮食中污染较普遍，阳性率为６７．２％～１００％，平均含量为０．４９～２３１．５３μｇ／ｋｇ。尤其在小麦中阳性率高达１００％，平均含量达１６１．３μｇ／ｋｇ，１９９４年收获的小麦、玉米平均含毒量明显高于１９９５年收获的小麦、玉米，说明ＳＴ在粮食储藏过程中易产生     

串珠镰刀菌素与镰刀菌素的研究进展

本文介绍了串珠镰刀菌的生态及污染状况，串珠镰刀菌产生的串珠镰刀菌素和镰刀菌素的毒性，毒性机理和检测方法，以及这两种毒素与人畜疾病的可能关系等。     

中国粮食中杂色曲霉素污染状况调查及分析

用间接竞争酶联免疫分析法 (IC ELISA)检测我国粮食中杂色曲霉素 (ST)。样品取自东北、西北、华东、华中和西南五大地区 12个省市的小麦、玉米和大米样品共 15 80份。结果三种粮食中杂色曲霉素平均污染量分别为 6 8 9、32 2和 13 9ug kg。杂色曲霉素污染率分别为 98%、89%和 72 %。污染量及污染率大小为小麦 >玉米 >大米 (P <0 0 1)。按地区统计三种粮食中杂色曲霉素污染量华东和西北高于东北、华中和西南 (P <0 0 1)     

薄层色谱法测定中毒饲料中串珠镰刀菌素

薄层色谱法测定中毒饲料中串珠镰刀菌素宋家玉林艺（山东省卫生防疫站，济南２５００１４）串珠镰刀菌素（Ｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｉｎ）是由串珠镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌胶孢变种等十几种菌珠产生的代谢产物［１］，为了解粮食和饲料中串珠镰刀菌素污染状态，参照国外有关文献资...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.