伴有齿槽嵴裂的单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的修复

目的探讨伴有齿槽嵴裂的单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的修复方法.方法对34例伴有齿槽嵴裂的单侧唇裂术后继发畸形的患者,在行齿槽嵴植骨的同时,行彻底的鼻整形手术.结果术后随访1～3年,植骨区成活良好,鼻畸形较整形前明显改善,接近正常外形,效果满意.结论在行齿槽嵴植骨的同时,行彻底的鼻整形手术,能够取得满意的效果,并且节省了医疗费用,缩短了治疗时间.     

牙槽嵴裂植骨同期髂嵴软骨移植修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形

目的研究牙槽嵴裂植骨手术同时,利用自体髂嵴软骨修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的矫治方法。方法 11～14岁的单侧完全性唇裂伴牙槽嵴裂患者,髂骨松质行牙槽嵴裂处植骨,并将髂嵴软骨移植于鼻背和鼻小柱处,修复唇裂术后鼻畸形。结果 32例患者均Ⅰ期痊愈,患侧口鼻瘘、牙槽嵴裂、鼻翼基部凹陷、鼻小柱偏斜、鼻尖低平等畸形等均得到良好的矫正。结论自体髂嵴软骨移植修复对鼻翼塌陷有良好的支持作用,可以与牙槽嵴裂手术同期施行,可有效矫正唇裂术后鼻畸形。     

唇腭裂患者齿槽嵴裂植骨修复术后的临床观察

目的 :分析影响齿槽嵴裂修复术后效果的因素。方法 :对同一术者所行髂骨松质骨移植齿槽嵴裂修复术的唇腭裂患者 3 6例进行回顾性研究 ,所有患者均有术前及术后 3个月以上的完整资料。分析植骨区的X线组织影像的临床分级与手术年龄、裂隙类型等的关系。结果 :①齿槽嵴裂的植入骨成活率为 95 % ,临床成功率为 90 % ;②齿槽嵴裂的植骨效果与患者的年龄有关 ,18岁以上患者植骨的临床成功率明显低于其它年龄患者 ;③单纯伴发唇裂或不完全性腭裂的齿槽嵴裂植骨效果优于完全性唇腭裂的齿槽嵴裂植骨效果。结论 :良好植骨床的形成和植骨区严密的缝合是保证齿槽嵴裂植骨成功的关键。     

单侧完全性唇裂解剖功能修复

目的 研究单侧完全性唇裂修复同期矫正鼻、牙槽嵴裂畸形的方法.方法 运用唇裂胚胎发育理论与Carstens的手术设计方法.唇裂修复同时行鼻翼软骨畸形的矫正,并运用基因重组成骨蛋白(rhBMP-2)修复牙槽嵴裂.结果 2004至2008年在美国完成唇裂手术45例,随访3～5年;2007年至今在国内完成单侧唇裂手术10例,随访1年;均取得满意效果.结论 运用Carstens技术能够早期矫正完全性唇裂鼻畸形与牙槽嵴裂.     

牙槽嵴裂和唇裂继发唇鼻畸形的同期联合矫治

目的 探讨牙槽嵴裂和唇裂继发唇、鼻畸形矫治的方法. 方法 对唇、腭裂术后畸形患者同期行牙槽嵴裂和唇裂继发唇、鼻畸形联合矫正. 结果 2004年～2007年,于临床应用37例.33例牙槽受植床创口一期愈合,3例松质骨外露,经清除外露骨和冲洗换药后愈合.本组患者术后正面观唇部饱满,红唇两侧高度基本对称,干湿唇线连续;仰视位鼻翼基底部高度恢复良好,两侧基本对称,鼻孔方向一致,但患侧鼻孔仍稍小于健侧. 结论 同期联合矫治牙槽嵴裂和唇裂继发唇、鼻畸形效果良好.     

单侧唇裂鼻畸形的临床分型和修复方法的研究

目的 探讨唇裂鼻畸形的临床分类和修复方法.方法 根据单侧唇裂鼻畸形的严重程度进行临床分类,其中轻度7例,中度12例,重度17例.轻度畸形以鼻翼悬吊和鼻小柱延长为主;中度多与唇畸形一并修复,以鼻翼悬吊、鼻小柱延长、组织游离及复位为主;重度多与唇畸形、齿槽嵴裂一并修复,以鼻翼悬吊、鼻尖支撑、组织游离及复位、修复口鼻瘘、齿槽嵴裂和鼻基底骨移植为主.结果 经过3～30个月的随访,所有患者鼻畸形均得到明显改善,临床效果满意.结论 唇裂鼻畸形的严重程度可分为轻度、中度和重度三类,采用个体化的综合修复方法,能够取得较好效果.     

口轮匝肌垂直褥式缝合法重建人中嵴修复单侧唇裂术后继发畸形

目的 探讨单侧唇裂术后继发畸形患侧人中嵴的重建方法.方法 本组对60例单侧唇裂术后鼻唇畸形患侧人中嵴不显或凹陷的患者施行Ⅱ期唇裂整复术时,在口轮匝肌功能复位的基础上,利用患侧人中嵴处口轮匝肌垂直褥式隆起缝合,使患侧人中嵴处口轮匝肌较厚,皮肤缝合后患侧即形成隆起的人中嵴外观.结果 本组60例患者,经随访3～6个月,效果满意,重建人中嵴形态逼真.结论 单侧唇裂术后继发鼻唇畸形整复术中,利用口轮匝肌的功能复位加人中嵴处口轮匝肌垂直褥式隆起缝合,重建人中嵴,可使人中凹显现,上唇外形更为逼真、生动,值得临床推广应用.     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的综合手术修复

目的：探讨矫正单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的方式和方法。方法：术前根据患者鼻部畸形程度进行分度,根据分度,采用开放式鼻整形切口,在充分解剖复位的基础上分别应用大翼软骨悬吊、软骨植入、膨体材料植入等方法,重塑患侧鼻翼、鼻孔形态。结果：从2005年3月～2010年3月间,单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形病例60例,行综合性治疗方案,矫正效果满意,术后切口愈合良好,随访6个月～1年,外鼻形态持久、满意,植入体无外露、感染等并发症。结论：采用综合手术治疗方法矫正单侧唇裂继发的鼻部畸形,效果满意,聚四氟乙烯作为异体材料,修复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形可获得持久、满意的形态,并发症少。     

膨体聚四氟乙烯在单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形整复术中的应用

目的：探讨膨体聚四氟乙烯材料在单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形中的利用及效果分析。方法：取鼻正中蝶形切口加双侧鼻翼缘切口应用膨体聚四氟乙烯加强型补片辅助下矫正鼻尖歪斜、鼻翼塌陷、低鼻畸形;依据Ⅰ期手术所遗留的上唇瘢痕切口行鼻基底和患侧鼻翼基底部填充术。结果：应用膨体聚四氟乙烯加强型补片为66例患者行单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形整复术。术后随访6个月～6年,满意者61例,占92.4%,不满意5例,占7.6%,5例患者术后出现伤口感染,将ePTFE假体取出。结论：膨体聚四氟乙烯为单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形整复术中治疗鼻尖鼻翼等畸形和面中部塌陷提供了较为理想的软组织替代材料,术后效果满意。     

单侧唇裂术后继发畸形的个体化修复

目的：探讨单侧唇裂继发畸形的整复方法及其适应证,以塑造更为美观自然的鼻唇外观。方法：根据单侧唇裂术后继发畸形的不同,临床表现和解剖特点,使用不同的手术方法进行整复。结果：自2005～2009年门诊应用个体化的治疗方法进行单侧唇裂术后畸形修复32例,术后随访3～16个月,效果满意。结论：对单侧唇裂术后继发畸形的修复应根据患者的具体情况及不同畸形采取个体化设计方案以取得满意的效果。     

A new type of laryngotracheoesophageal cleft with extended bronchoesophageal cleft

A case of total laryngotracheoesophageal cleft with extended fronchoesophageal cleft is reported. The baby had a long cleft not only on the whole length of the laryngotracheoesophagus but it also extended to the right lower bronchus and esophagus. It was associated with right upper bronchial stenosis, sequestration of right lower lobe, and a complex cardiovascular anomaly. There have been no reports of this extended type of cleft in the 59 reported cases.     

Isolated alar cleft associated with hamartoma

Isolated alar cleft associated with hamartoma is a very rare congenital anomaly. In this paper, this rare anomaly is presented with its clinical findings and the treatment.     

Incomplete midline cleft of the lower lip

Summary Midline clefts of the lower lip and mandible, and incomplete midline clefts of the lower lip are uncommon anomalies, with the latter being very rare. A case of incomplete midline lower lip cleft with a corresponding orbicularis oris muscle defect is present.     

Bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity

Bilateral cleft lip nose deformity is a multi-factorial and complex deformity which tends to aggravate with growth of the child, if not attended surgically. The goals of primary bilateral cleft lip nose surgery are, closure of the nasal floor and sill, lengthening of the columella, repositioning of the alar base, achieving nasal tip projection, repositioning of the lower lateral cartilages, and reorienting the nares from horizontal to oblique position. The multiplicity of procedures in the literature for correction of this deformity alludes to the fact that no single procedure is entirely effective. The timing for surgical intervention and its extent varies considerably. Early surgery on cartilage may adversely affect growth and development; at the same time, allowing the cartilage to grow in an abnormal position and contributing to aggravation of deformity.Some surgeons advocate correction of deformity at an early age. However, others like the cartilages to grow and mature before going in for surgery. With peer pressure also becoming an important consideration during the teens, the current trend is towards early intervention.There is no unanimity in the extent of nasal dissection to be done at the time of primary lip repair. While many perform limited nasal dissection for the fear of growth retardation, others opt for full cartilage correction at the time of primary surgery itself. The value of naso-alveolar moulding (NAM) too is not universally accepted and has now more opponents than proponents. Also most centres in the developing world have neither the personnel nor the facilities for the same. The secondary cleft nasal deformity is variable and is affected by the extent of the original abnormality, any prior surgeries performed and alteration due to nasal growth.This article reviews the currently popular methods for correction of nasal deformity associated with bilateral cleft lip, it''s management both at the time of cleft lip repair and also secondarily, at a later date. It also discusses the practices followed at our centre.     

Anaesthesia for primary repair of cleft lip and cleft palate: a review of 244 procedures

The peri-operative course of 194 patients undergoing 244 procedures for primary repair of cleft lip and palate over an 8-year-period was studied. A marked increase in the extent of intra-operative monitoring was noted during this period. The Pierre Robin syndrome was the most common associated abnormality and was found in 17% of patients in this series. There were no deaths. A total of 101 procedures were undertaken in infants with cleft lip of whom 10% received an intra-operative blood transfusion. Post-operative opiate analgesics were administered following 97% of these procedures and profound respiratory depression was observed in three children. The use of lignocaine and noradrenaline did not significantly reduce the operative blood loss. A post-operative pyrexial illness was significantly associated with the presence of a positive pre-operative nasal and throat swab and this could be significantly reduced by pre-operative antibiotic treatment. A total of 143 children underwent repair of cleft palate and of these 16.8% received an operative blood transfusion. An elective tracheostomy was required in one patient because of unsuccessful attempts at endotracheal intubation. One patient developed a respiratory arrest after two doses of diamorphine peri-operatively. The use of lignocaine and noradrenaline significantly reduced the operative blood loss. The presence of a positive bacteriological nose or throat swab did not influence the development of a post-operative pyrexia which could however be significantly reduced by the use of pre-operative antibiotics.     

Complete laryngotracheoesophageal cleft: management and repair

A newborn baby with a complete or type III laryngotracheoesophageal cleft from larynx to carina was managed with a bifurcated endobronchial tube prior to complete reconstruction in one stage. To prevent pressure on the posterior suture line, a tracheostomy tube was constructed from a REA tube originally designed to use for cleft palate repairs. Fundoplication prevented gastroesophageal reflux and allowed enteral feedings. The child is now monitored at home on a prolonged pharyngeal retraining program with intermittent plugging of his tracheostomy tube. This report describes the management and repair of the first long-term survivor with this severe defect.     

The philtrum and unilateral cleft lip

Summary A unilateral cleft lip apparently does not lack a philtral ridge on the cleft side even if the elements are variable with the degree of cleft. The objective of primary repair should be to preserve the complete philtrum.     

Midline cleft of the lower lip associated with Robinow syndrome

Robinow syndrome (also named “fetal face syndrome”) includes a series of anomalies including mesomelic brachymelia, bifid terminal phalanges of the hands and feet, abnormalities of vertebrae and ribs, and hypoplastic external genitalia. A midline cleft of the lower lip and mandible is an extremely rare maxillofacial deformity. Seventy cases have so far been described to our knowledge. We report a patient with Robinow syndrome and midline cleft of the lower lip and mandible and describe the reconstruction of these anomalies. We propose that this anomaly should be added to the range of malformations associated with the syndrome.     

Ⅲ度唇裂并牙槽裂不伴腭裂患者的鼻底整复术

目的：探讨Ⅲ度唇裂并牙槽裂不伴腭裂患者的鼻底修复方法。方法：通过在唇裂裂隙健侧缘设计粘膜-牙龈瓣以补充延长鼻底。结果：用本法治疗3例患儿术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,鼻外形改善无口鼻前庭瘘。结论：应用唇裂裂隙健侧缘粘膜-牙龈瓣修复Ⅲ度唇裂并牙槽裂不伴腭裂患者的鼻底可延长原位置较后的鼻底,减少并发症的发生。