Regional first web flap used to cover the amputated stump of the thumb

The regional first web flap is a distally-based flap that is raised from the radiodorsal aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger towards the dorsal first web, and used to cover a thumb amputation. The advantage of this flap over the conventional cross-finger flap is that is gives a thicker and hairless flap with no skin graft to the donor site. Mobilisation of the joints, including the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger, can also be maintained during the immobilisation period between two stages.     

One-stage thumb lengthening with use of an osteocutaneous 2nd metacarpal flap

Traumatic thumb amputation represents an extremely disabling entity, thus rendering its reconstruction a procedure of paramount importance. A case of a patient, who sustained a traumatic amputation of his left index finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint and of his left thumb in the middle of the proximal phalanx 4 months ago and was initially treated elsewhere, is described. For the thumb reconstruction, an osteocutaneous flap of the radial side of the 2nd metacarpal, which consisted of a 3, 5-cm bony segment with the overlying skin and its blood and nerve supply was used. The flap was transferred and fixed with a plate and screws to the palmar-medial side of the stump of the thumb, while the 1st web space was deepened by removing the rest of the second metacarpal, while a partial skin graft was used to cover a remaining gap. Thumb functionality was restored immediately postoperatively, and the overall result was satisfactory.     

掌指关节处带指动脉神经的V-Y成形皮瓣修复中远节指腹缺损

目的：探讨一种中、远节指腹部软组织缺损创面覆盖、外形重建及感觉、血管修复的手术方法。方法：自2016年1月至2020年1月，用掌指关节处带指动脉、神经的V-Y成形皮瓣修复治疗14例拇指远节、2-4指中、远节指腹软组织缺损患者。其中男9例，女5例；年龄22~69岁；病程0.5~2 d。指腹缺损面积约（2.0~2.5） cm×（1.5~2.0） cm。术中自掌指关节以近至缺损处游离皮瓣，掌指关节处切口设计成"V"形，双侧血管、神经游离至指总动脉、指总神经分叉处。屈曲掌指、近指、远指关节，远节指腹缺损皮瓣远端塑形后缝合覆盖，中节指腹缺损皮瓣前移后吻合指动脉、指神经。术后3周患指功能锻炼。观察术后患者手指活动度、指腹感觉、外形等指标。依据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定手术效果。结果：14例皮瓣全部成活，10例远节指腹缺损者术后指腹即恢复感觉，4例中节指腹缺损者术后2~3个月感觉逐步恢复。13例患者获得随访，时间6~20个月。指腹两点分辨觉4~6 mm，感觉功能评分达S3级以上，指腹形状逼真，皮色、皮温正常，耐磨性、耐寒性好，指关节功能基本正常。依据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定手术效果，功能总评分优13例，良1例。结论：掌指关节处带指动脉、神经的V-Y成形皮瓣修复中节或远节指腹缺损，术式简单，风险低，可延长指动脉皮瓣修复范围，恢复指腹外形、血供和感觉，患者满意度高。     

Fenestrated Adipofascial Reverse Flap: A Modified Technique for the Reconstruction of Fingertip Amputations

Aims of the Study: Fingertip injuries can be treated in different ways, including shortening with primary closure, skin graft, and local or distant flaps. Several local flaps for the reconstruction of the amputated fingertip were described. We present our experience with a new concept of homodigital adipofascial reverse flap that avoids the second surgical stage and allows a complete and anatomically perfect reconstruction of nail bed, with preservation of the nail lamina. Materials and Methods: Between March 2014 and February 2015, five patients with digital amputations (distally to the nail matrix) were treated using the Fenestrated Adipofascial Reverse (F.A.R.) flap. The patients were evaluated measuring 2-point discrimination (2PD) value and range of motion of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP). Scar evaluation was performed using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). Results: All the flaps completely survived. A normal nail grow has been observed in first two-three months of post operatory follow-up. Length of the digits was preserved and good aesthetic as functional outcome were archive. The F.A.R. flap provided excellent coverage of fingertip defects and preserved finger length. After 1 year of follow, the mean static 2PD value at the reconstructed finger was 4.2 mm (range 3-5 mm), reconstructed fingers' mean range of motion for the DIP joint was 78 degrees and the VSS score ranged from 0 to 2 (mean score: 0.6). No complications were reported. Conclusions: F.A.R. flap is one of the most useful techniques in order to achieve all the goals in fingertip reconstruction.     

Use of the bilobed flap for coverage of exposed structures on the fingers.

An original surgical procedure for the repair of soft tissue defects localized on the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx of the fingers is described. A patient was seen with a posttraumatic soft tissue loss corresponding to the dorsal aspect of the second metacarpophalangeal joint and the adjacent proximal half of the proximal phalanx of the index finger with extensor tendon exposure. The repair of the defect using a local flap taken from the second web space and the dorsum of the proximal phalanx of the long finger provided excellent coverage with early movement and a good functional result.     

食指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的：探讨血管神经蒂食指背筋膜岛状皮瓣的应用效果。方法：采用食指背侧筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣对１０例拇指软组织缺损,２例虎口软组织缺损进行了修复,结果修复后的拇指或虎口外形较好,功能恢复满意,皮瓣厚薄适中,色泽质地良好。结论：该皮瓣具有多源性血供的特点,不因第一掌背动脉的类型及出现率不稳定而影响手术成败,是修复拇指,虎口皮肤缺损的理想皮瓣。     

早期手术切开复位治疗新鲜嵌顿性掌指关节脱位

目的:探讨嵌顿性掌指关节脱位的致伤机制及治疗方法.方法:收治新鲜嵌顿性掌指关节脱位7例,其中男6例,女1例;年龄8～33岁,平均17岁.7例均为背侧脱位,食指3例,拇指2例,中指1例,小指1例,均为闭合复位失败予切开复位.术中均见致伤机制为"纽扣"式机制,掌骨头自关节囊掌侧薄弱部穿出,掌板嵌顿在掌骨头背侧.结果:7例随访3～42个月,均解剖复位,伸屈功能良好.结论:对嵌顿性掌指关节脱位若闭合复位失败,不应多作手法整复,应早期手术切开复住,以免导致功能障碍.     

上臂外侧游离皮瓣修复重度虎口挛缩及一期示指外展功能重建

目的探讨上臂外侧游离皮瓣修复重度虎口挛缩并一期行示指固有伸肌腱转移重建示指外展功能的疗效。方法 2007年3月-2011年6月,收治16例机器挤压伤致虎口重度挛缩伴示指外展功能障碍患者。男14例,女2例;年龄16～42岁,平均29岁。伤后至此次入院时间为6～24个月,平均10个月。虎口张开角度10～25°,平均20°;虎口宽度15～24 mm,平均22 mm。手术彻底切除虎口瘢痕组织后,软组织缺损范围为6 cm×4 cm～8 cm×6 cm;采用大小为7 cm×5 cm～9 cm×7 cm的上臂外侧游离皮瓣修复虎口缺损,示指固有伸肌腱转移重建示指外展功能。供区植皮修复。结果术后皮瓣及供区植皮均成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合。14例患者获随访,随访时间6～12个月,平均9个月。皮瓣质地饱满,外观满意;术后6个月虎口区皮瓣两点辨别觉为6～9 mm,平均7 mm。虎口张开角度为85～90°,平均88°;虎口宽度为34～52 mm,平均40 mm。拇指外展、对掌功能及示指外展功能恢复。结论应用上臂外侧游离皮瓣修复重度虎口挛缩同时行示指外展功能重建手术,具有可一次完成虎口开大、重建示指外展功能、兼顾外形等优点。     

The experience of the free superficial palmar branch of the radial artery perforator flap application

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to retrospect and summarize clinical efficacy and experience of the free perforator flap base on the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery for tissue defect reconstruction in hand.Method17 patients who underwent tissue defect in hands reconstruction by the free superficial palmar branch of the radial artery (SPBRA) perforator flaps in our department from July 2014 to October 2018 were reviewed.ResultsAll the flaps in our series application were survival uneventful except one, which was necrosis because of venous thrombosis postoperative 5 days, and then the abdominal pedicle flap was executed to recover the defect in second stage. The first dorsal metacarpal artery flap and the arterial venous flap were utilized to cover the defect in one right index finger and one right ring finger due to the absence variation of the SPBRA. 2 cases presented tension vesicle of superficial skin and 1 case occurred venous congestion. All donor sites were closed primarily. The follow-up period means 13.5 months (range, 4–50 months). The static 2 point discrimination test mean 7.53 mm (range, 4–11 mm). All flaps acquire protective feeling at the latest follow-up. The self-assessment of patients: 13 cases in good, 4 cases in fair.ConclusionThe goal of physiological reconstruction and esthetic effect can be achieved for hand tissue defect by the free SPBRA perforator flap, multiple tissues of the flap can be contained according to the defect. Even though the SPBRA is variation, arterial venous flap could be applied thanks to abundant superficial cutaneous veins.     

Revascularization of a finger with a thenar mini-free flap

A devascularized index finger with a soft tissue defect on its palmar side was managed by using a small free flap raised at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. The radial digital artery was included in the flap and used to revascularize the index finger, and a palmar vein was used to drain the flap. This resulted in minimal donor side morbidity.     

改良第1趾蹼皮瓣游离移植修复手功能区皮肤缺损

目的 探讨改良第1趾蹼皮瓣游离移植修复手功能区皮肤缺损的方法和临床疗效.方法 2008年2月-2013年8月,收治手部重要功能区皮肤缺损病例31例,男18例,女13例,年龄17～58岁,平均41.5岁.其中拇指15例,虎口10例,食指6例,皮肤缺损面积：2.0 cm×3.0 cm～ 3.9 cm×7.2 cm.行改良第1趾蹼皮瓣游离移植修复,游离皮瓣切取面积2.3 cm×3.4 cm ～ 4.2 cm×9.0 cm,皮瓣供区游离全厚皮植皮打包或局部带蒂皮瓣转位关闭.结果 31例游离皮瓣全部成活,术后无皮瓣瘀血、血管危象等并发症,供区植皮、局部皮瓣修复及取皮区均一期愈合.术后随访7～32个月,手部创面修复后外形美观,与受区融为一体,无臃肿,皮瓣感觉功能恢复至S3 6例,S3＋ 13例,S4 12例,手部功能恢复良好,皮瓣供区功能无影响,手指主动活动度（TAM）优24例,良6例,劣1例,优良率96.7％.结论 改良第1趾蹼皮瓣质地优良,与手部皮肤结构相似,游离移植安全、可靠,修复质量高、功能恢复好,最大限度保护了患手的外观,临床治疗效果好,是修复手功能区皮肤缺损的理想选择.     

小指掌指关节筋膜皮瓣修复小指近中节皮肤缺损

目的探讨应用手背小指掌指关节筋膜皮瓣修复小指近、中节掌/背侧皮肤缺损的方法。方法根据小指近、中节掌背侧皮肤缺损的形状、面积,以小指伸肌腱走行体表投影为皮瓣的轴心线设计应用手背小指掌指关节筋膜皮瓣修复小指近、中节掌/背侧皮肤缺损创面21例。结果皮瓣全部成活,术后3～15个月随访,皮瓣质地优良,外形与功能恢复满意。结论手背小指掌指关节筋膜皮瓣手术操作简单、安全可靠,术后治疗、护理较为容易,外形与功能恢复满意,是手外科修复小指近、中节皮肤缺损创面较为理想的方法。     

Sensate hypothenar perforator free flap for resurfacing large volar surface defect of the digit

In this report we present a case of large sized volar surface defect of a digit reconstructed by hypothenar perforator free flap coverage. A 57‐year‐old male patient presented with a 5 × 2 cm sized avulsive injury on his left little finger involving near total loss of the volar surface. The perforator arteries of the hypothenar area were identified around 5–15% on the x‐axis and 25–50% on the y‐axis (y‐axis: a line from the pisiform base to the metacarpophalangeal joint, x‐axis: a line perpendicular to the y‐axis.) The hypothenar free flap was designed centered on the anticipated location of the perforator artery. Upon dissection, the perforator artery was found as predicted and a superficial palmar vein was saved for venous drainage. In addition, a neighboring cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve was also saved. The flap survived with satisfactory flap contour, durability, skin color and texture. Five months of follow‐up showed acceptable range of motion for joints of the affected digit and nearly full range of motion for the hand. The sensate hypothenar perforator free flap could be considered as a useful surgical option for large sized volar side defects of finger.     

拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣的临床应用及血供障碍处理

目的：介绍拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的临床经验,并探讨血供障碍的原因及处理方法。方法：自2005年7月至2008年12月,外科治疗21例21指拇指软组织缺损,男16例,女5例;年龄16～55岁,平均39岁。应用拇指背桡侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指远节桡侧软组织缺损（4例）,拇指背尺侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指尺侧、指腹及甲床缺损（17例）,皮瓣旋转点指间关节近侧0.5cm,皮瓣面积2cm×1.5cm～4cm×2.5cm。结果：术中术后6例发生血供障碍,经对应处理皮瓣无坏死。随访3个月～2年,皮瓣质地优良,色素沉着轻度,外形满意,拇指掌指关节及指间关节活动范围正常。修复指腹者感觉不同程度恢复,两点辨别觉：4～10mm。结论：拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损方法简单,效果满意。蒂部长度、宽窄及受压均能影响皮瓣的血供,蒂部处理是治疗成功的关键。     

Forequarter amputation with fasciocutaneous deltoid flap reconstruction for malignant tumors of the upper extremity

Background: Malignant tumors of the upper extremity involving a considerable portion of the medial axillary wall may require forequarter amputation to achieve gross resection of tumor. These resections frequently leave a large defect, often requiring a split thickness skin graft or free flap to close the wound. To address this problem of wound closure, we have modified our technique and devised a reconstructive component as part of our forequarter amputation procedure. Methods: The medical records of seven patients who underwent forequarter amputation and fasciocutaneous deltoid flap reconstruction between 1982 and 1994 were reviewed. Results: All the amputation sites were completely closed with a fasciocutaneous deltoid flap without the use of additional skin grafts or free flaps. After a median follow-up of 12 months, there were no local recurrences. Three patients (43%) are alive and disease free 5, 12, and 19 months after their forequarter amputation. One patient is alive with disease after 14 months. The remaining three patients died of their disease. Conclusion: The fasciocutaneous deltoid flap is technically easy to perform, provides wound coverage without the use of skin grafts, and is especially useful for tumors involving the media axillary wall and in patients with previous axillary radiation.Presented at the 49th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, March 21–24, 1996.     

Circumferential forearm fasciocutaneous free flap reconstruction of forequarter amputation/chest wall resection using simultaneous extra-anatomic revascularization (SEAR)

Background: This report describes a technique in which temporary extra-anatomic revascularization of an amputated part was used to preserve a free flap while tumor resection and chest wall reconstruction were performed. Methods: A patient with multiple local recurrences of basosquamous carcinoma of the shoulder underwent forequarter amputation with en bloc resection of the upper chest wall. During the resection, an elbow disarticulation of the amputated limb was performed. The vascular pedicle of the amputated forearm was joined to the dorsalis pedis vessels of the foot. Following completion of tumor resection and chest wall reconstruction, the forearm was disconnected from the foot and re-anastomosed to thoracic vessels, and a circumferential fasciocutaneous free flap was then harvested and inset. Results: No ischemic flap complications occurred, and the patient recovered well. Ample time was afforded for complete tumor resection with negative margins and prosthetic reconstruction of the chest wall. Conclusions: The technique of temporary, simultaneous extra-anatomic revascularization of an amputated part for later free flap harvest may be helpful in avoiding potentially long flap ischemia times in selected complex oncologic resections. Presented at the Cine Clinic, 50th Annual Cancer Symposium, Society of Surgical Oncology, March 21, 1997, Chicago, Illinois. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors alone, and are not the opinions of the United States Air Force or the Department of Defense.     

（足母）趾胫侧逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复坶趾远端缺损

目的 介绍（足母）趾胫侧血管逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复（足母）趾远端缺损的手术方法及临床疗效.方法 自2006年1月-2008年6月,对6例应用（足母）趾胫侧血管逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复（足母）趾远端缺损.在第1跖骨胫背侧设计皮瓣,自甲根部胫侧缘至第1跖骨胫侧缘的连线为轴心线,轴点位于趾间关节近侧0.5cm以近的轴心线上,切取的皮瓣内含有足背内侧皮神经的（足母）趾背胫侧支及第1跖背动脉在趾跖关节分出的（足母）趾背胫侧支,转移后与创面腓侧（足母）趾趾底固有神经接合.结果 6例皮瓣全部成活,随访6～21个月,皮瓣质地柔软耐磨,感觉恢复好,皮瓣无臃肿,外观好,趾跖关节活动正常.结论 该皮瓣具有不损伤主要动脉、神经,操作简单,质地良好,外观佳,血供可靠等优点,重建趾腹感觉恢复满意,是修复趾端软组织缺损较好的方法.     

Flap choices to treat complex severe postburn hand contracture

Many regions of the hand are affected seriously in the patients with complex severe postburn hand contractures. Multiple flap choices should be in count to treat complex severe postburn hand contractures affectively. We preferred dorsal ulnar flap for palmar region, cross-finger flap, side finger flap, and combined use of both for flexion contracture of the fingers, and rhomboid flap for web contractures. Eight patients having complex severe postburn hand contractures were treated between November 2001 and February 2005. The maximum improvements of the joint extensions were 75 degrees for median of digits metacarpophalangeal joint and 105 degrees for proximal interphalangeal joint. Grasp function of the hand dramatically improved, and the bulk of the flap did not interfere grasping. Complex severe postburn hand contracture can be treated sufficiently with dorsal ulnar flap, combined use of cross-finger and side finger transposition flap, and rhomboid flap.     

Articular synovial chondromatosis of the finger

Abstract

A 40-year-old woman presented with a six-month history of synovial chondromatosis of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the right ring finger, which was resected through both dorsal and volar incisions. To our knowledge there have been only 17 reported cases of articular synovial chondromatosis of the digital joint so far. We present a case affecting the metacarpophalangeal joint with a review of scattered information found in other 17 reports.     

吻合血管组织移植在创伤与修复外科的临床应用

目的：探讨吻合血管组织移植在创伤与修复外科临床应用经验。方法：1986年以来行吻合血管组织移植127例，其中各种皮瓣或肌皮瓣60例，骨皮瓣移植6例，骨或半关节移植15例，足趾移植拇手指再造35例41指，趾甲皮瓣修复拇，指末节6例，趾关节移植修复指间关节2例，空肠或结肠移植重建咽食道3例。结果：2例皮瓣坏死，余均成活，效果良好。结论：以皮支血管为蒂的皮瓣移植、肌腱穿皮瓣组合移植，血管的端－侧或端－残支吻合、指－趾或跖血管吻合的应用使组织移植更为精确。