The genetic basis of Ro and La antibody formation in systemic lupus erythematosus

Summary Antibodies against Ro and La, including recombinant La and recombinant 60 kD-Ro, were determined by counter immunoelectrophoresis and ELISA in over 300 central European systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The presence of both Ro and La antibodies was strongly associated with the MHC haplotype B8-C4AQ0-DR3-DQ2, the association being stronges for DR3. After exclusion of all B8-DR3 positive patients only DR3 positive patients still showed an increased incidence of Ro and La antibodies, suggesting DR3 as the primary association factor. High titers of La antibody, but not of 60 kD-Ro antibody, were also significantly associated with the presence of DR3. Other DR and DQ antigens or heterozygous DQ combinations were not significantly associated with Ro and La antibodies.E. Albert, M. Baur, A. Corvetta, J. Frey, J. R. Kalden, G. G. de Lange, H. H. Peter, K. Pirner, R. Röther, P. Schneider, S. Seuchter, P. Späth, C. Specker, W. Stangel, S. Stannat-Kießling     

Differences in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy phenotypes and genotypes between Mesoamerican Mestizos and North American Caucasians: ethnogeographic influences in the genetics and clinical expression of myositis

OBJECTIVE: As part of a larger, worldwide study of the ethnogeography of myositis, we evaluated the clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic features of Mestizo (Mexican and Guatemalan) and North American Caucasian patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). METHODS: Clinical manifestations, autoantibodies, HLA-DRB1 and DQA1 alleles, and immunoglobulin Gm/Km allotypes were compared between 138 Mestizos with IIM and 287 Caucasians with IIM, using the same classification criteria and standardized questionnaires. RESULTS: IIM in Mestizo patients was characterized by a higher proportion of dermatomyositis (69% of adult Mestizos versus 35% of adult Caucasians; P < 0.001) and anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies (30% versus 7% of adults, respectively, and 32% versus 4% of children, respectively; P < 0.01). Genetic risk factors also differed in these populations. Whereas Mestizos had no HLA risk factors for IIM, HLA-DRB1*0301, the linked allele DQA1*0501, and DRB1 alleles sharing the first hypervariable region motif (9)EYSTS(13) were major risk factors in Caucasian patients with IIM. Furthermore, different HLA-DRB1 and DQA1 alleles were associated with anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies (DRB1*04 and DQA1*03 in Mestizos and DRB1*07 and DQA1*02 in Caucasians). Immunoglobulin gamma-chain allotypes Gm(1), Gm(17) (odds ratio for both 11.3, P = 0.008), and Gm(21) (odds ratio 7.3, P = 0.005) and kappa-chain allotype Km(3) (odds ratio 7.3, P = 0.005) were risk factors for IIM in Mestizos; however, no Gm or Km allotypes were risk or protective factors in Caucasians. In addition, Gm and Km phenotypes were unique risk factors (Gm 1,3,17 5,13,21 and Gm 1,17 23 21 and Km 3,3) or protective factors (Km 1,1) for the development of myositis and anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies (Gm 1,2,3,17 23 5,13,21) in adult Mestizos. CONCLUSION: IIM in Mesoamerican Mestizos differs from IIM in North American Caucasians in the frequency of phenotypic features and in the immune-response genes predisposing to and protecting from myositis and anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies at 4 chromosomal loci. These and other data suggest the likelihood that the expression of IIM is modulated by different genes and environmental exposures around the world.     

A study of the genetic basis of C4A protein deficiency. Detection of C4A gene deletion by long-range PCR and its associated haplotypes

OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of a C4A gene deletions as the genetic basis of C4A protein deficiency (C4AQ0) and its associated haplotypes in Icelandic families with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Nine multiplex SLE families were genotyped for C4A gene deletions using a long-range polymerase chain reaction (LR-PCR) method, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes were defined. RESULTS: Of the SLE patients, first-degree and second-degree relatives, 53.8%, 47.9%, and 28.6% had C4AQ0, respectively. A C4A gene deletion was found to be the genetic basis for C4AQ0 in 64.3% of SLE patients, 60.0% of first-degree and 50.0% of second-degree relatives. All individuals carrying haplotype B8-C4AQ0-C4B1-DR3 had a deletion, and the deletion was also found on haplotypes B8-C4AQ0-C4B1-DR7 and B7-C4AQ0-C4B1-DR3. CONCLUSION: The study shows that a C4A gene deletion is the most common genetic basis for C4AQ0. It accounts for two-thirds of C4AQ0 and is found on different MHC haplotypes. One-third of C4AQ0 is due to other as yet undefined genetic changes. The results demonstrate a heterogeneous genetic background for C4AQ0, giving further support for the hypothesis that C4AQ0 may be an independent risk factor for SLE.     

Chromosome 14 markers in rheumatoid arthritis.

Phenotype frequencies for variants of the chromosome 14 markers, alpha 1 antitrypsin (protease inhibitor--Pi), and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene allotypes (Gm and Am) were examined in affected and unaffected members of multicase rheumatoid arthritis (RA) families and compared with published population data. Significantly higher frequencies of phenotypes containing Pi*Z and Pi*S were observed in unrelated index RA cases compared with UK population data. There was also a higher frequency of Pi*Z in family members without RA than in population controls but no such difference for the frequency of Pi*S. No difference in the frequency of PiM1M2 heterozygotes was seen between patients with RA and population controls. An examination of clinical data failed to show any relation between any particular feature of RA and positivity for Pi*Z or Pi*S. No significant differences in frequency of Gm phenotypes were observed between patients with RA and controls. Significant association was found, however, between Pi*Z and Gm phenotypes containing Gm(zax;g). These associations are interpreted as indicating linkage disequilibria between these alleles. No interactions between DR4 and either G1m(z), (a), or (x) allotypes were apparent in patients with RA. A significant association was seen in the index RA cases between DR4 and Pi phenotypes carrying Z or S alleles. Observations from this study provide evidence for the existence of a genetic component for RA susceptibility encoded on chromosome 14. An interactive effect of these genes with DR4 towards susceptibility appears likely.     

Genetic aspects of susceptibility to multiple myeloma

An up-dated survey of the information pertaining to the role of genetic factors in susceptibility to multiple myeloma is attempted. Our own results include the HLA-A, B, and C types in 68 patients, the G1m and Km allotypes in 86 patients, and the frequencies of ABO blood groups in 126 patients with multiple myeloma. The allotype G1m(x) was significantly (p less than 0.05) more frequent in the patient group. Since the results in the literature on a possible HLA association have been inconsistent, all relevant available data were combined for an assessment of 379 patients versus 5041 controls. In this comparatively large patient group, the previously reported increase of HLA-4c (HLA-B5 + B18 + Bw35) complex could be confirmed and identified as a weak (RR = 1.7) but significant (p less than 0.05) association of susceptibility to multiple myeloma with HLA-B5. Evaluation of G1m allotypes in the combined sample of 258 patients and 4550 controls and Km in 179 and 2457, respectively yielded no significant differences.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Techniques en Hematologie , 2nd edn. By C. S ultan , G. P irolet , Y. B euzard , R. R osa and F. J osso .
Dynamic Morphology ofLeukaemia Cells . By H. F elix , G. H aemmerli and P. S trauli .
Human Genetics . By J. H. E dwards .
Clinical Haematology in Medical Practice , 4th edn. By C. G. de G ruchy . Edited by D. P enington , B. R ush and P. C astaldi .
Fibrinolyris: Current Fundamental and Clinical Concepts . Edited by P. J. G affney and S. B alkuv -U lutin .
AtlasofHaematology , 4th edition. By G. A. M c D onald , T. C. D odds and B. C ruickshank .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
Lithium and The Endocrine System . Edited by F. N. J ohnson
Frontiers of Hormone Research—Volume 17: Comparative Pathophysiology of Regulatory Peptides . Editors A. R ijnberk & T j . B. van W imersma G reidanus
Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology: Volume 100. The Development of the Rat Hypothalamus . J. A ltman & S. A. B ayer
Morphology ofHypothalamus and its Connections. Current Topics in Neuroendocrinology, Volume 7 . Edited by D. G anten & D. P faff
Neurobiology of Oxytocin. Current Topics in Neuroendovrinology . Edited by D. G anten & D. P faff
Clinical Neuroendocrinology , 2nd edition. J. B. M artin & S. R eichlin
Clinical Guide to Diabetes Mellitus . K. E. S ussman , B. D raznin & W. E. J ames
Pocket Consultant: Endocrinology . M. H artog
Physiology and Clinical uses of Inhibitors of Hormone Secretion and Action . Edited by B. J. A. F urr & A. E. W akeling
Kidney Hormones, Volume 3 . Edited by J. W. F isher
Acromegaly—A Century of Scientific and Clinical Progress . Edited by R. J. R obbins
Biologically Active Atrial Peptides . Edited by B. M. B renner & J. H. L aragh
1987 Year Book of Endocrinology . Editor-in-chief J. D. B agdade     

Book Reviews

Enzyme Defects and Immune Dysfunction. Proceedings of the Ciba Foundation Symposium 68 (new series), held on 7–9 November 1978, organized in collaboration with W. M. K elley and D. W. M artin , J r and edited by K atherine E lliott and J ulie W helan .
Enzyme Histochemistry: A Laboratory Manual. By Z. L ojda , R. G osshau and T. H. S chieber .
Hematologic Problems in Renal Disease. Edited by J oanne H. J epson .
Flow Cytometry and Sorting. Edited by M. R. M elamed , P. F. M ullaney and M. L. M endelsohn .
Experimental Hematology Today 1979. Edited by S. J. B aum and G. D. L edney .
Concise Haematology , 2 nd edn. By H. J. W oodliff and R. P. H errmann .     

BASILEA rabbits express two types of immunoglobulin light chains: lambda and kappa-like.

In the variant rabbit strain BASILEA, immunoglobulin G were shown to contain two distinct populations of IgG molecules whose light (L) chains belonged to the known lambda isotype and to a new kappa-like type. These two L chains differed from each other by electrophoretic, chemical, and antigenic properties. The kappa-like L chain fraction showed (i) an acid-labile Asp-Pro bond at the end of the joining region and (ii) a tryptic peptide, whose amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal 15 residues was identical to the homologous constant (C) region sequence of b9 kappa chain with the exception of the residue in position 70, which is asparagine in the kappa-like chain instead of the characteristic half-cystine residue in all L chains of kappa B type expressing b4, b5, b6, or b9 allotypes. The data suggest that the kappa-like L chain component does not contain the C region half-cystine residue involved in the formation of the extra variable (V) region-C region disulfide bridge in L chains of the kappa B [Rejnek, J., Appella, E., Mage, R. G. & Reisfeld, R. A. (1969) Biochemistry 8, 2712-2718]. The partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the C region of the kappa-like L chain was shown to be markedly different from b4, b6, or b9 region sequences and from rabbit lambda C region sequence. Taken together, the chemical data suggest that the kappa bas component represents a new subtype of kappa chain. A rabbit alloantiserum made against bas IgG and adsorbed with IgG fractions showing b4, b5, b6, b95, and b96 L chain allotypes appeared to be directed against the kappa-like L chain component of BASILEA IgG exclusively. All BASILEA animals expressed IgG molecules containing kappa-like chains; in contrast, IgG molecules derived from the standard domestic rabbit did not react with this antiserum.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book review in this Article
Peptide Hormones, Biomembranes and Cell Growth , Edited by L iana B olis , R. V erna and L. F iati .
Human In Vitro Fertilisation and Embryo Transfer , Edited by D on . P. W oolf and M. Q uigley .
Catecholamines as Hormone Regulators , Edited by N. B en -J ohnson , J.M. B ahr and R.I. W einer .
Recent Progress in Hormone Research. Volume 39 , Edited by R.O. G reep .
Biological Regulation and Development Volume 38, Hormone Action , Edited by R.F. G oldberger and K.R. Y amamoto
Biology of Menopause , Edited by R. G. G osden .
Pediatric Thyroidology , Edited by F. D elange , D. A. F isher and P. M aluaux .
Endocrine Physiology (2ndEdition) , By C onstance R. M artin .
Contemporary Endocrinology Vol. 2 , Edited by S. H. I ngbar .
Autoimmunity and the Thyroid , Edited by P. G. W alfish , J. R. W all and R. V olpé .
Gonadal Proteins and Peptides and their Biological Significance , Edited by M. R. S airam and L. E. A tkinson .
Polypeptide Hormone Receptors , Edited by B. I. P osner .
Oxytocin: Clinical and Laboratory Studies , Edited by J. A. A mico and A. G. R obinson .
Future Aspects in Contraception , (two books) Part 1, Male Contraception (pp. 270); Part 2, Female Contraception (pp. 372). Edited by B. R unnebaum , T. R abe and L. K iesel .     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Iron metabolism in health and disease. J. H. Brock. J. W. Halliday, M. J. Pippard, L. W. Powell (Eds) Hemopoietic growth factors, oncogenes, cytokines in clinical hematology. Current aspects and future directions. E. Cacciola, A. B. Deisseroth, R. Giustolisi (Eds). Hemostasis, thrombosis. Basic principles and clinical practice. Third edition. R. W. Colman, J. Hirsh, V. J. Marder, E. W, Salzman (Eds). The molecular basis of blood diseases. Second edition. G. Stamatoyannopoulos, A. W. Nienhuis, P. W. Majerus, H. Varmus (Eds).     

Strong association of a functional polymorphism in the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 promoter gene with lupus nephritis

OBJECTIVE: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There is evidence that polymorphisms in the genes of inflammatory mediators may predispose to the development of LN in patients with SLE. In this study, we examined the role of a functional monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) polymorphism in SLE and LN. METHODS: DNA and paired urine and serum samples were obtained from 134 SLE patients (> or =4 American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE; 49 with and 85 without LN) and 118 controls. MCP-1 genomic variants were detected by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme-fragment analysis. Urinary and serum MCP-1 levels and MCP-1 production by peripheral blood macrophages were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The A/A genotype was more common in controls than in SLE patients (P = 0.0002), whereas both the A/G (P = 0.009) and G/G (P = 0.0212) genotypes were more frequent in SLE patients. The A/A genotype was observed in only 23% of the patients with LN compared with 58% of those without LN (P < 0.0001). MCP-1 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with the A/G and G/G phenotypes was markedly higher than the production by cells from patients with the A/A genotype. Urinary levels of MCP-1 were significantly higher in patients with LN. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that an A/G or G/G genotype may predispose to the development of SLE and further indicate that SLE patients with these genotypes may be at higher risk of developing LN. Moreover, measurement of urinary levels of MCP-1 may be a useful tool for the detection and management of LN.     

Distribution of Gm allotypes in juvenile chronic arthritis

The immunoglobulin allotypes G1m(a), G1m(x), G2m(n), G3m(b) and Km(1) were determined in 76 Swedish patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). Eight of the patients had the systemic form of the disease. 37 belonged to the polyarticular and 31 to the oligoarticular subset. The frequency of the G1ma(x), G3m-b haplotype was significantly increased in the polyarticular subset but not in the oligoarticular subset, compared with the normal population (p less than 0.01). The polyarticular subset also differed from the oligoarticular subset with increased frequency (p less than 0.01) and higher levels (p less than 0.01) of IgM rheumatoid factor and a lower rate of remission (p less than 0.05). The few JCA patients in the systemic subset showed similar features as the polyarticular patients. The frequencies of G2m(n) and Km(1) did not deviate from the expected in any of the JCA subsets.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Vitamins and Hormones . Volume 42. Edited by D. B. M c C ormick
Human Growth Hormone . Edited by S alvatore R aiti & R obert A. T olman .
Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Volume 15, Number 1. Paracrine Control . Edited by P. F ranchimont . W.B.
Methods of Enzymatic Analysis Third Edition Volume IX Proteins and Peptides . Editor in Chief H. U. BERGMEYER
The Physiology of Thirst and Sodium Appetite (Series A: Life Sciences Volume 105) . By G. D e C aro , A. N. E pstein & M. M assi
A Synopsis of Endocrinology and Metabolism (3rd Edition) . By I. R amsay & R. B ayliss
Diabetes 1985 . Edited by M. S errano -R ios & P. J. L efebvre
Regulation of Hepatic Metbolism: Intra- and Intercellular Compartmentation . Edited by R. G. T hurman , F. C. K auffmann & K. J ungermann
Infertility in the Male (Current Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Series, Volume 11). By A nne M. J equier
Endocrinology '85 (Excerpta Medica International Congress Series 683). Edited by G. M. M olinatti & L. M artini
Biochemical Actions of Hormones Volume XIII . Edited by G. L itwack
Handbook of Behavioural Neurobiology: Part 7 Reproduction . Edited by N. A dler , D. P faff & R. W. G oy     

Books Submitted for Review to the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, May-June 1998

The MGH Guide to Psychiatry in Primary Care Edited by T. A. Stern, J. B. Herman, P. I. Slavin.
Oncology Imaging. A Clinical Perspective Edited by C. G. Berman, N. J. Brodsky, R. A. Clark.
Emergency Care of the Woman Edited by M. D. Pearlman, J. E. Tintinalli.
Functional Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas By A. K. Afifi, R. A. Bergman.
Coronary Care Manual Edited by P. L. Thompson.
Encyclopedia of Mental Health: Vol 1 A-Di; Vol 2 Do-N; W l 3 0-Z Index Editor in Chief H. S. Friedman.
Therapeutic Guidelines - Antibiotic, 199811 999, 10th Edition Therapeutic Guidelines Limited.
Essentials of Family Practice, 2nd Edition Edited by R. E. Rakel.
The Quinolones, 2nd Edition Edited by V. T. Andriole.
A Professional Odyssey in General Practice Edited by B. H. Connor.
Principles of Critical Care, 2nd Edition. Pre Test' Self-Assessment and Review Edited by J. B. Hall, G. A. Schmidt, L. D. H. Wood.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease By M. C. Allison, A. P. Dhillon, W. G.     

Characterization of anti-histone antibodies in patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis

We have recently found that antibodies to total histones are common in a group of American patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In an attempt to determine the profile and clinical association of anti-histone antibody (AHA), 45 Japanese AIH patients were studied for serum isotypic reactivity with individual histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. The results revealed that 40% of sera had reactivities with at least one of individual histones and that the antibodies were detected in all three classes of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA). Immunoglobulin G type anti-H3 showed the dominant reactivity and it characterized 72% of sera with AHA. The titre of anti-H3 decreased significantly ( P < 0.0075) after steroid therapy and the index of decrease for anti-H3 was correlated in individuals with that for serum aminotransferase. In general, patients with AHA showed higher serum level of alanine aminotransferase ( P < 0.05), immunoglobulin G ( P < 0.025), and higher frequency of A2-DR4 haplotype (53 vs 17%) than their seronegative counterparts. However, the titre of AHA was low in this disease condition and histone class-specific antibodies did not distinguish patients with distinctive clinical features, although patients with anti-H3 tended to be younger than those without AHA.     

Association of vitamin D receptor gene BsmI polymorphisms in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes BsmI polymorphisms were markers for susceptibility to or severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Chinese patients in Taiwan. The study included 47 Chinese patients with SLE. In addition, 90 unrelated, healthy individuals living in central Taiwan served as control subjects. Each polymorphism was detected as a result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction analysis. A PCR product length was determined to be 580bp (BB) whereas two fragments of 405 and 175bp were determined to be excisable lengths (bb) by BsmI endonuclease. The relationship between Bsm polymorphisms and clinical manifestations of SLE was evaluated. We found that BB was significantly more common and bb less common in SLE than in control group (chi2 = 54.2, P < 0.0001). In addition, the frequency of B allele was also significantly more common in patients with SLE than in the healthy control subjects (chi2 = 38.7, P < 0.0001), giving an odds ratio of 7.14 (95% confidence interval 3.53-14.4). In the SLE patients, we did not detect any associations of VDR genotype with the clinical, laboratory profiles, or lupus nephritis (chi2 = 2.34, P = 0.3). This study indicated an increased distribution of VDR BB genotype and B allelic frequencies in the Chinese SLE patients in Taiwan. However, there were no associations between the frequency of VDR allelic variations and clinical manifestations, laboratory profiles, or lupus nephritis.     

Lymphocyte phenotypes and their correlation with clinical features in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Lymphocyte phenotypes of peripheral blood from 32 SLE patients and 30 normal subjects were studied with 13 kinds of monoclonal antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence technique. The results showed that T4+, T8+, T3+ and T11+ cells decreased in active cases of SLE, while Ia+, IL2R1+ and PCA-1+ cells increased, other B-cell phenotypes (B1, B2, B4, IgM, IgG, IgD) showed no significant difference from those of the normal group. Thus, in inactive SLE after therapeutic management, the numbers of T3+, T11+, T4+, Ia+ and IL2R1+ cells no longer show any abnormality, but the numbers of T8+, PCA-1+ cells and the level of serum IgG are still higher than normal. From the above-mentioned results, it was shown that: 1. The key change in active SLE is the abnormality of immunoregulatory T cells, especially T4+ cells; 2. In active SLE, some of the T cells have been activated in vivo and these immunocompetent cells play an important role in immunoglobulin production of B cells; 3. The hyperactivity of humoral immunity is mainly related to the increase of PCA-1+ cells under the regulation of T cells; 4. Both the lymphocyte phenotypes and clinical features of SLE showed heterogeneity.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
The Epidemiology of Post-Transfusion Hepatitis. By J. G arrott A llen .
Tutorials in Postgraduate Medicine: Haematology. Edited by A. V. H offbrand and S. M. L ewis .
Atlas of Clinical Haematology. By H. B egemann and J. R astetter.
Laboratory Medicine: Haematology , 4th edn. By J ohn B. M iale .
Basic Hematology. By A rthur S immons. Charles C. Thomas
Haemophilia. By F. A la and K. W. E. D enson.
Clinics in Haematology , Vol. 2, No. 1. Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Clinical Practice. Edited by A. S. D ouglas.
Neurological Symptoms in Blood Diseases. By N ello D'E ramo and M ario L evi. Harvey Miller and Medcalf
International Symposium on HL-A Reagents. Edited by R. H. R egamey and J. V. S päek .
The Chronic Leukaemias: Chemistry, Pathophysiology and Treatment. By J ohn R. D urant and R ichard B. S malley . Charles C. Thomas
Ultrastructural Features of Cells and Tissues in Culture. Symp. Biol. Hung. , 14. Edited by I. T oro and G y . R appay .
Blood Disorders Due to Drugs and Other Agents. By R. H. G irdwood .
Recent Advances in Clinical Pathology , Series 6. Edited by G. W. R. D yke .
Concise Haematology. By H. J. W oodliff and R. P. H errman .
Immunological Aspects of Neoplasia. I and II.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article:
Modern Aging Research Vol. 6, Altered Endocrine Status During Aging. Edited by V. J. C ristofalo , G. T. B aker , R. C. A delman & J. R oberts.
Central and Peripheral Endorphins; Basic and Clinical Aspects. Edited by E. E. M uller & A. R. G enazzani.
Opioid Modulation of Endocrine Function. Edited by G. D elitala , M. M otta & M. S erio
Recent Results in Cancer Research: Clinical Interest of Steroid Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer. Edited by G. L eclercq , S. T oma , R. P aridaens & J. C. H euson.
Biochemistry of Steroid Hormones. Edited by H. L. J. Makin
Osteoporosis. Proceedings of the Copenhagen International Symposium on Osteoporosis. Copenhagen, Denmark, June 3–8, 1984. Edited by C. C hristiansen , C. D. A rnaud , B. E. C. N ordin , A. M. P arfitt , W. A. P eck & B. L. R iggs.
The Neurohypophysis. Physiological and Clinical Aspects. Edited by S eymour R eichlin.