腔隙性脑梗死患者氧化活性物质及炎症因子与认知能力的相关性研究

目的 探讨腔隙性脑梗死(LI)患者氧化活性物质及炎症因子认知能力的相关性.方法 收集2018年1月-2019年1月于南宁市第八人民医院神经内科就诊的LI患者120例,依据患者认知功能水平分为认知功能正常组、轻度认知功能障碍组(MCI组)和痴呆组.抽取120例患者空腹静脉血,对患者血清铜蓝蛋白(CER)、丙二醛(MDA)...     

腔隙性脑梗死患者认知障碍变化与MIF相关性研究

目的动态观察腔隙性脑梗死患者认知功能变化与血浆巨噬细胞游走抑制因子(macrophage migration-inhibitory factor,MIF)变化的关系。方法选择经半年动态观察的腔隙性脑梗死患者68例为病例组,另选健康体检者36例为对照组。使用简易精神状态量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)对患者进行发病初期及半年后认知功能评价,同时通过酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测血浆MIF浓度。根据MMSE评分,将病例组患者分为认知正常组、轻度认知功能障碍组及痴呆组,并对各组进行MIF比较。结果 3组病例MIF浓度均高于对照组,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,轻度认知障碍组、痴呆组分别与认知正常组比较差异有统计学意义,轻度认知障碍组与痴呆组之间比较无统计学意义。6 m时轻度认知功能障碍组MIF浓度下降,与基线期同组比较差异有显著性,余组比较无统计学意义。结论腔隙性脑梗死可导致不同程度认知障碍,基线期、随访期腔梗组MIF浓度均高于对照组,MIF水平增高与认知损伤程度呈正相关。     

我国东北地区神经内科门诊患者认知功能调查及分析

目的 调查东北地区神经内科门诊患者认知功能情况.方法 选取2009年9月～12月吉林大学白求恩第一医院神经内科门诊就诊患者21849例,按照条件依次进行简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)及一系列神经心理评估.结果 轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)占0.40%,其中轻度认知功能障碍-AD型(MCI-A)占0.12%,轻度认知功能障碍-血管型(MCI-V)占0.15%,混合性MCI占0.03%.痴呆患者占0.22%,其中阿尔茨海默病(AD)占0.06%,血管病性痴呆(VD)占0.11%,混合性痴呆(MD)占0.02%.其他占0.17%.男性MCI检出率为0.27%,痴呆检出率为0.22%.女性患者MCI检出率为0.33%,痴呆检出率为0.17%.结论 东北地区血管性认知功能障碍发病率大于老年性认知功能障碍,女性轻度认知功能障碍检出率大于男性,而痴呆检出率小于男性,痴呆检出率随年龄增长成上升趋势,轻度认知功能障碍患者检出率在75岁之前随年龄增加明显升高,75岁前后比较检出率反而下降.     

血清组胺与脑白质疏松症认知功能障碍的相关性

目的探讨血清组胺水平与脑白质疏松症(LA)认知功能障碍的相关性。方法本文161例,根据头颅MRI表现分为LA组131例和对照组(无LA及认知功能障碍)30例。LA中根据轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)诊断标准及临床痴呆量表筛选出MCI 71例及痴呆30例,无MCI 30例。故分为LA无MCI 30例,LA伴MCI 71例;LA伴痴呆组30例,对照组30例。分析比较4组患者血清组胺值差异情况。结果 LA无MCI组血清组胺含量较正常组高(P0.05);LA伴MCI组血清组胺含量较LA无MCI组高(P0.05);LA伴痴呆组血清组胺含量较LA伴MCI组高(P0.05)。结论 LA患者血清组胺含量高于对照组提示组胺可能参与LA的发生;LA伴痴呆患者血清组胺含量高于LA伴MCI患者,而LA伴MCI患者血清组胺含量高于LA无MCI,提示组胺可能参与LA患者认知功能障碍的发生发展,且与认知功能障碍的严重程度相关。     

脑梗死患者轻度认知功能障碍与同型半胱氨酸的关系

目的探讨脑梗死患者轻度认知功能障碍与血清中同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的关系,为预防痴呆提供依据。方法依据简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE),将我院收治的230例脑梗死患者分为2组:轻度认知功能障碍患者86例(MCI组)和认知功能正常患者144例(对照组)。取患者外周空腹血,测定血浆Hcy的水平,进行组间比较。应用非条件Logistic回归分析法分析血浆Hcy水平与MoCA总评分及其各项认知功能以及病灶部位的关系。结果 (1)MCI组测得的血浆Hcy水平均比对照组明显高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)血浆Hcy水平对MoCA总评分、视空间与执行功能、语言功能、基底节病灶、额部病灶、颞部病灶有独立的危险性。结论脑梗死后轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)与血浆Hcy水平呈正相关。     

静息态低频振幅在轻度认知功能障碍中的研究

<正>轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)是指记忆力或其他认知功能进行性减退,但不影响日常生活能力,且未达到痴呆诊断标准的一种中间状态~([1])。目前认为,MCI是转化为痴呆或阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)的前期阶段。Bahureksa等~([2])研究,每年约有10%～15%的MCI患者进展为痴呆。随着年龄的增长,MCI的患病风险会显著增加~([3])。Brookmeyer等~([4])研究,未来到2050年时,80例中约有1例被诊断为AD。因此,及早确诊MCI对认知功能障碍进行干预和预防,以延缓痴呆显得尤为重要。但由于目前MCI的生理病理学机制尚未十分明确,在客观诊断方面仍需进一步研究,而静息态功能磁共振(resting-state     

轻度认知功能障碍筛查量表研究进展

轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者是老年性痴呆(SD)的高危人群。痴呆的发病率随着世界人口老龄化的加剧而迅速攀升,中晚期痴呆的治疗效果欠佳,而对MCI的早期筛查和干预可延缓痴呆病程的进展。文中对国内外MCI筛查量表的研究分析得出,记忆与执行筛查(MES)量表、Dem Tect、中文修订版轻度认知功能障碍测试(CAMCI)和阿尔茨海默病调查问卷(AQ)4种筛查量表可作为MCI筛查的首选筛查量表。     

短暂性脑缺血发作及轻型卒中患者认知功能下降的随访研究

目的既往的研究对短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)及轻型卒中后的认知功能障碍的关注较少。我们将对此类患者发生认知功能障碍的危险因素进行探讨。方法我们筛选了2012年7月至12月期间,连续住院的TIA及轻型卒中患者。于发病后第3个月及第18个月各进行一次认知功能评估,截止至2014年3月31日。结果共209例TIA及轻型卒中患者入组。其中,共24例(11.5%)出现了认知功能显著下降。Logistic回归分析,结果显示:受教育年限(比数比OR=0.869,P=0.021),心房纤颤(OR=5.950,P=0.001)、多发性腔隙性脑梗死(OR=5.179,P=0.020)是TIA/轻型卒中患者中远期认知功能下降的独立危险因素。结论对于TIA/轻型卒中的患者有必要对其认知功能进行随访,对于有心房纤颤及颅内多发性腔隙性脑梗死的患者应关注其认知功能变化,加强随访,必要时尽早给予干预治疗措施,以减少其发生认知功能下降的风险。     

脑微出血对认知功能的影响及其发病机制研究进展

认知功能是人脑的高级功能,随着社会的老龄化,认知功能障碍和痴呆患者日益增多.流行病学研究显示,皮质下小血管病变是引起认知功能损害和痴呆的危险因素[1].通常,MRI上显示的白质高信号及腔隙性脑梗死被认为是常见的脑小血管病变标志.关于脑白质病变及腔隙性脑梗死与认知功能的研究颇多,但目前,在个体患者中脑白质病变及腔隙性脑梗死的临床意义仍难与患者的认知功能表现建立联系[1].     

无症状脑梗死与认知功能的关系

目的探讨无症状脑梗死（SCI）与认知功能障碍的关系。方法采用简易精神状态检查法（MMSE）及临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）对61例无症状脑梗死患者和79例健康体检者的认知功能进行评分,比较两组轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）的发生率。结果无症状脑梗死组发生轻度认知功能障碍者13例（21．3％）,显著高于健康体检组（P〈0．05）。结论SCI与认知功能障碍关系密切。     

Impact of cognitive impairment on mild dementia patients and mild cognitive impairment patients and their informants

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify key aspects of the impact of cognitive impairment on patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild probable Alzheimer disease (AD) and their informants, and identify overlap and differences between the groups. METHODS: Structured focus group discussions were conducted with MCI patients, AD patients, MCI informants, and AD informants. Participants were recruited from memory clinics in the U.K. and the U.S.A. A total of 20 AD and 20 MCI patients and 16 AD and 11 MCI informants participated. Sessions were content reviewed to identify key impacts of cognitive impairment; results were compared across diagnostic groups and for patients and informants. RESULTS: Seven key themes emerged: uncertainty of diagnosis, skill loss, change in social and family roles, embarrassment and shame, emotionality, insight, and burden. Patients were able to discuss the impact of cognitive impairment on their lives and reported frustration with recognized memory problems, diminished self-confidence, fear of embarrassment, concerns about changing family roles due to cognitive impairment, and anxiety. Informants reported more symptoms and more impairment than did patients and indicated increased dependence on others among patients. CONCLUSION: MCI and mild AD exert substantial burden on patients' lives and the lives of those close to them.     

Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment subtypes in patients attending a memory outpatient clinic—comparison of two modes of mild cognitive impairment classification. Results of the Vienna Conversion to Dementia Study

BackgroundEarly detection of dementia is becoming more and more important owing to the advent of pharmacologic treatment.ObjectiveThe goals of this study were to establish prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes in an outpatient memory clinic cohort using two different modes of MCI determination.DesignConsecutive patients complaining of cognitive problems who came to the memory outpatient clinic for assessment of a possible cognitive disorder were included in the study.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsSix hundred eighty consecutive patients complaining about cognitive problems who came to the memory outpatient clinic for assessment of a possible cognitive disorder and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. For 676 patients, sufficient data for MCI classification were available.ResultsCategorizing MCI patients into MCI subtypes according to the minimum mode of MCI classification revealed the following results: 106 patients (15.7%) were categorized as cognitively healthy, whereas 570 patients (84.3%) met the criteria for MCI. MCI patients were subtyped as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) single domain (31 patients; 4.6%), aMCI multiple domain (226 patients; 33.4%), non-aMCI single domain (125 patients; 18.5%), and non-aMCI multiple domain (188 patients; 27.8%). Categorizing MCI patients into MCI subtypes according to the mean mode of MCI classification revealed the following results: 409 patients (60.5%) were categorized as cognitively healthy, whereas 267 patients (39.5%) met the criteria for MCI. MCI patients were subtyped as aMCI single domain (47 patients; 6.9%), aMCI multiple domain (57 patients; 8.5%), non-aMCI single domain (97 patients; 14.3%), and non-aMCI multiple domain (66 patients; 9.8%).ConclusionMCI diagnosis frequencies are substantially affected by the criteria used for estimation of MCI. The effect of modifying the presence of impairment on a single cognitive measure versus the presence of impairment on a mean composite score of a certain domain differed considerably, ranging from 39.5% to 84.3%, indicating the importance of the development of guidelines for operationalizing MCI.     

Validation of a new symptom impact questionnaire for mild to moderate cognitive impairment

BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcomes assessment enhances the understanding of disease impact in a range of disorders. At mild levels of cognitive impairment the patient perspective on functioning, behavior and symptoms can be particularly valuable for syndrome characterization when clinical and neuropsychological findings are limited. We have evaluated the psychometric performance of the 55-item Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cognitive Impairment (PROCOG), a new patient-reported measure, to measure mild to moderate cognitive impairment symptoms and their impact from the perspective of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: The sample of 75 DAT patients, 78 MCI patients and 33 cognitively intact control subjects (> 64 years) was recruited through medical centers in the U.SA. Validity was assessed through correlation to the Quality of Life--Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD) and Centers for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Scale (CES-D) and neuropsychological assessments (WAIS subscales and MMSE). RESULTS: PROCOG scores for MCI patients were generally intermediate between DAT and control subjects. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were acceptable. Correlations with the CES-D and QOL-AD were in the moderate to high range; correlations with the neuropsychological measures were low to moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The PROCOG demonstrated good to excellent psychometric properties among a sample of older adults with MCI and DAT as well as cognitively intact older adult control subjects and provides a method for collecting unique information on the patient experience of cognitive impairment. Subscales permit focused evaluation of domains relevant to the patient's experience of cognitive impairment.     

Three-dimensional patterns of hippocampal atrophy in mild cognitive impairment

OBJECTIVE: To measure hippocampal volumes in patients diagnosed as having subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) relative to those of elderly control subjects and those of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) using 3-dimensional mesh reconstructions. DESIGN: A magnetic resonance imaging volumetric study of MCI subgroups (MCI, amnesic subtype [MCI-A]; and MCI, multiple cognitive domain subtype) using 3-dimensional mesh reconstructions of the structure. SETTING: Referral dementia clinic. SUBJECTS: Twenty-six subjects with MCI (MCI-A, n = 6; and MCI, multiple cognitive domain subtype, n = 20), 20 subjects with AD, and 20 controls who were equivalent in age, education, and sex distributions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three-dimensional parametric mesh models of the hippocampus and total hippocampal volumes. RESULTS: The hippocampi of the patients with AD were significantly atrophic relative to those of the healthy controls. The MCI, multiple cognitive domain subtype, group did not differ from the controls, yet was significantly different from the MCI-A and the AD groups. The MCI-A patients had significant hippocampal atrophy compared with the controls, and did not differ significantly from the patients with AD. CONCLUSION: These data add to the growing evidence that there are multiple forms of MCI, that they have distinct neuropathological correlates, and that MCI, multiple cognitive domain subtype, is not a more advanced form of the MCI-A subtype.     

Subjective cognitive complaints, neuropsychological performance, affective and behavioural symptoms in non-demented patients

OBJECTIVE: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) have been previously investigated to establish whether they are risk factors for dementia, but no clear-cut conclusions have emerged. In this study non-demented patients with SCC were studied and the neuropsychological findings, affective and behavioural aspects and parameters with the highest correct classifications in discriminating patients who had only SCC but no objective clinical and neuropsychological impairment, i.e. no cognitive impairment (NCI) patients and those with objective neuropsychological deficits, namely patients with mild cognitive (MCI) were analyzed. METHODS: Consecutive non-demented outpatients with SCC were enrolled of over 9 months and examined using neuropsychological tests and scales for depression, anxiety and behaviour. Clinical criteria and neuropsychological test results were used to classify patients into groups of NCI, MCI and subtypes of MCI. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients with SCC were included; 49 of them had objective deficits (MCI patients), whereas 43 were without any clinical and cognitive impairment (NCI patients). These patients had lower age, higher education and better general cognitive indices than MCI patients who had higher caregiver distress, depression and irritability. The combination of a battery for mental deterioration and for behavioural memory assessment were the most discriminative in differentiating the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: An objective cognitive impairment, reaching the criteria for a MCI diagnosis, was present in almost half of patients having SCC. MCI patients have more behavioural disturbances than NCI subjects. SCC should not be underestimated and appropriate neuropsychological assessment is required to reassure subjects with normal results and to identify patients with MCI.     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在轻度认知功能障碍筛查中的应用

目的 探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)在轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者筛查中的应用.方法 应用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、MoCA对32例MCI患者和50例健康对照者进行神经心理评估,比较二者筛查MCI的效果.结果 以26分为分界值,MoCA筛查MCI的敏感性为96.87%、特异性为76%,MMSE筛查MCI的敏感性为56.25%、特异性为96%;MoCA中除抽象思维、地点定向两项外,其余各亚项的评分在MCI组和对照组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05):MMSE中仅计算与注意力、延迟回忆两项在MCI组和对照组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其余各项差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MoCA为高敏感性的MCI筛查工具,能全面评估MCI患者的认知功能.且可用于筛查MMSE得分正常的MCI患者.     

轻中型颅脑损伤继发轻度认知功能障碍危险因素分析

目的探讨轻中型颅脑损伤患者继发轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)的危险因素。方法收集2014年7月1日至2015年7月1日我院收治的106例轻中型颅脑损伤患者影像资料,采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)、Addenbrooke改良认知评估量表(ACE-R)评估患者颅脑损伤后3个月的认知功能,以患者是否继发MCI为因变量、脑组织病变部位和类型为自变量,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析研究不同病变部位对于患者继发轻度认知功能障碍的影响性。结果共30例患者继发MCI、69例患者认知功能正常,7例患者失访。单因素logistic回归分析显示:患者的年龄及GCS评分均未见显著差异(P0.05);多发病灶、损伤半球、累及脑叶、脑白质病变、累及内囊之间存在统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:累及左半球(P=0.029,OR=1.637,95%CI:1.348~2.169)、累及颞叶(P0.001,OR=1.521,95%CI:1.240~2.203)、累及内囊(P=0.024,OR=1.526,95%CI:1.107~2.329)、多发病灶(P0.001,OR=1.936,95%CI:1.287~3.228)是危险因素。结论位于左半球、双侧额叶及颞叶区、内囊前肢的损伤病变及多发损伤病灶是轻、中型颅脑损伤患者继发MCI的危险因素。     

Phase lag index and spectral power as QEEG features for identification of patients with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease

ObjectivesTo identify quantitative EEG frequency and connectivity features (Phase Lag Index) characteristic of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and to investigate if these features correlate with cognitive measures of the patients.MethodsWe recorded EEG data for a group of PD patients with MCI (n = 27) and PD patients without cognitive impairment (n = 43) using a high-resolution recording system. The EEG files were processed and 66 frequency along with 330 connectivity (phase lag index, PLI) measures were calculated. These measures were used to classify MCI vs. MCI-free patients. We also assessed correlations of these features with cognitive tests based on comprehensive scores (domains).ResultsPLI measures classified PD-MCI from non-MCI patients better than frequency measures. PLI in delta, theta band had highest importance for identifying patients with MCI. Amongst cognitive domains, we identified the most significant correlations between Memory and Theta PLI, Attention and Beta PLI.ConclusionPLI is an effective quantitative EEG measure to identify PD patients with MCI.SignificanceWe identified quantitative EEG measures which are important for early identification of cognitive decline in PD.     

Mild cognitive impairment: coping with an uncertain label

BACKGROUND: The recently introduced diagnostic label of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) identifies patients with a cognitive decline that is more pronounced than is usual for a person's age and educational level but does not notably interfere with activities of daily living (ADL). The natural course of the syndrome is uncertain although MCI sufferers have a higher risk of developing dementia. OBJECTIVES: To investigate how patients fulfilling MCI criteria experience and cope with their cognitive decline with the secondary aim to derive key themes for a prospective MCI support-group programme. METHODS: The grounded theory approach. RESULTS: Analysis of guided interviews with eight MCI patients revealed four common themes. Changes related to cognitive abilities, mobility, affect, vitality and somatic complaints. Attributions were numerous and concerned aetiologies such as personality traits and overload of information. Consequences were all negative and concerned the patients themselves such as anxiety and loss of self-confidence, others such as feelings of irritation and anger towards others or activities like abandoning leisure activities. Patients applied emotion-oriented, problem-focused and avoidant coping strategies. CONCLUSION: MCI patients encounter stress-inducing practical, social and psychological difficulties. Based on the current preliminary findings, the key themes for an MCI support-group programme should include the provision of information about the syndrome's causes, course, concomitant symptoms, attributions, social consequences, and available treatments. The impact of receiving an MCI label warrants further investigation.     

Odor Identification and Self-reported Olfactory Functioning in Patients with Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Olfactory dysfunction is a very early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and olfactory dysfunction has also been found in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The goal of the present study was to compare odor identification ability and self-reported olfactory functioning in patients with different types of MCI. We included 104 elderly participants classified into two groups: patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and elderly controls (EC). Based on their performance in neuropsychological testing the study population was divided into four groups of participants based on cognitive features: amnestic MCI single domain (11), amnestic MCI multiple domain (19), non-amnestic MCI single domain (21) and non-amnestic MCI multiple domain (13), respectively. The MCI patients were compared to 40 elderly controls (EC) controls with no cognitive deficit. Comparison for odor identification revealed a significant difference between amnestic MCI multiple domain patients and the EC group. No other group comparison was significant. Statistical analyses for self-reported olfactory functioning revealed no significant group differences between any subgroup of MCI patients and the control group. Correlational analyses indicated that odor identification ability was related to cognition whereas no relationship was found for self-reported olfactory functioning. The present study showed that amnestic MCI patients with additional deficits in other cognitive domains have a specific odor identification impairment. Together with cognitive testing, olfactory testing may more accurately help predict whether or not a patient with MCI will convert to AD in the near future.