同轴微导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌

目的 探讨经肝动脉微导管化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)术治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)的疗效.方法 回顾分析1000例HCC的DSA表现与术前多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查结果.其中179例病灶局限于1个肝段,采用微导管超选择插管栓寒.术后4周复查动态增强CT和(或)MR,对40例病灶碘油聚集不良者,进行RFA,术后1个月复查.结果 DSA发现直径3 cm以上肿块670例,3 cm以下病灶202例,子灶400例,动静脉瘘、动门脉瘘482例,异常血供430例,门脉癌栓362例.局限于1个肝段的病灶,微导管栓塞后4周,肿瘤局部控制率为77.6%;控制不良者行RFA后1个月,肿瘤局部控制率为97.5%.结论 DSA对于发现3 cm以下小病灶(含子灶)、肿瘤血供、动静脉瘘、动门脉瘘具有绝对的优势,对HCC的术前评价具有不可替代性的作用.RFA是HCC的有效的治疗方法,是TACE疗效不佳者的理想选择.     

多层螺旋CT在肝细胞肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞中的表现及介入治疗中的意义

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在肝细胞癌(HCC)肝动脉化疗栓塞中的表现特点及其介入治疗中的指导意义。方法45例肝癌患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞前同期分别行MSCT和DSA2种检查。MSCT应用三维容积再现(VRT)、最大密度投影(MIP)或多平面重组(MPR)技术观察腹腔动脉的解剖及走行分支,比较CT与DSA对病灶、合并症的显示情况及肿瘤的血供情况等。结果45例患者,MSCT发现病灶167个、门静脉癌栓11例、动脉静瘘12例;DSA发现病灶172个、门静脉癌栓8例,动静脉瘘15例。MSCT与DSA比较,DSA对肿瘤的数目显示率略高于MSCT,但差异无统计学意义。MSCT能够显示腹腔动脉及其主要分支的三维结构,优于DSA,观察与腹主动脉夹角较DSA更方便;MSCT发现肝动脉起源变异4例,与DSA完全符合。结论MSCT对肝细胞肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞有重要指导意义。     

多层螺旋CT肝脏兼容性血管造影在肝癌介入治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）肝脏兼容性血管造影在肝癌介入治疗中的应用价值。方法 MSCT肝癌CT检查患者45例,于动脉期22s、门静脉期55s行肝脏双期增强扫描,采用MPVR、MIP、VR、SSD重建技术行肝动脉、门静脉兼容性血管成像。其中22例作了肝动脉DSA造影及介入治疗。结果 动脉期肝动脉血管造影（SCTA）显示肿瘤血管31例,肿瘤染色17例,动-门脉分流（APS）9例。门脉期门静脉造影（SCTP）检出肿瘤对门静脉的侵犯25例,门静脉癌栓16例。MSCT显示的肿瘤血管、肿瘤染色、供血动脉的来源分布、APS及门静脉癌栓与DSA图像基本一致。MPVR、VR有利于检出肝癌供血动脉、肿瘤血管、肿瘤染色、APS及门静脉癌栓。结论 MSCT肝脏兼容性SCTA、SCTP血管造影,可为临床及肝癌介入治疗方案的制定提供更多信息。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合CT引导射频消融序贯治疗中小肝癌的临床应用

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合CT引导射频消融(RFA)序贯治疗原发性中小肝癌的临床应用。方法对59例肝细胞性中小肝癌患者实施TACE联合CT引导RFA序贯治疗。结果 59例患者初次治疗,共80枚病灶,行TACE和RFA序贯治疗技术成功率100%。术后随访6～24个月,21例患者有病灶残余,再次行RFA或序贯治疗,3例再次联合放射性125I粒子植入治疗后,病灶控制良好。并发症有胆汁瘤合并胆道感染1例、门静脉分支血栓1例。结论 TACE联合CT引导RFA序贯治疗中小肝癌是一种微创、有效的方法,同时注意手术操作细节,对提高手术成功率,降低手术并发症有重要意义。     

肝动脉高灌注在肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓介入治疗中的意义

目的：分析肝细胞癌（HCC）合并门静脉主干癌栓致肝动脉高灌注异常表现,探讨其在判断癌灶的范围、肝脏血流动力学异常、从而选择正确的介入治疗方案中的意义。方法：搜集因HCC合并门静脉左支、右支或/和主干癌栓首次行肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术（TACE）的病例共69例,根据肝动脉DSA动脉期、实质期癌变和非癌变肝组织境界及血供对比,分为无、轻度、重度肝动脉高灌注,并据此判定癌变和非癌变组织血供状况而选择不同的介入治疗方案。所有病例随访1年以上,大部分病例行2～7次介入治疗。结果：无肝动脉高灌注30例,给予常规TACE术;轻度肝动脉高灌注28例,行肿瘤供血动脉节段性碘油乳剂栓塞;重度肝动脉高灌注11例,仅行肝固有动脉内灌注化疗术。三组病例3、6、12个月生存率分别为100%,96.67%,66.67%;92.86%,71.43%,32.14%;81.82%,36.36%,0%,三组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：肝动脉高灌注征在判定HCC并门静脉癌栓患者门静脉血供受侵程度、指导介入方案的选择、介入栓塞治疗预后方面有着重要的临床意义。     

MSCT和DSA对原发性肝癌的影像诊断价值的对照

目的:评价多层螺旋CT和数字减影血管造影检查对原发性肝癌的诊断价值及临床指导意义。方法:对62 例原发性肝癌(PHC)患者进行肝脏MSCT和DSA检查,两种检查间隔时间为2-14 d。对比分析多层螺旋CT和DSA检查对PHC的诊断价值。结果:62例PHC病例中,巨块型14例,弥漫型及混合型42例,结节型6例。10例患者两种检查结果不一致,余52例影像学表现基本一致。DSA和MSCT检查均发现PHC合并门静脉主干及近端分支癌栓12例,此外,MSCT还显示2例外周分支癌栓。DSA检查发现PHC中肝动脉门静脉瘘(APS)形成26例,MSCT检查发现APS形成21例。结论:MSCT和DSA在原发性肝癌的影像诊断中各有特点,两者相结合对于PHC的诊断和综合治疗具有重要临床意义。     

兔门静脉种植VX2癌栓CT灌注参数与血管内皮生长因子的相关性

目的：建立兔VX2肿瘤模型,采用多层螺旋CT（MSCT）灌注成像技术探讨兔门静脉VX2种植癌栓灌注参数与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达的相关性。材料与方法8只实验兔经门静脉内接种VX2肿瘤,成瘤后行MSCT灌注扫描,测量并比较门静脉癌栓、近瘤灶和远离瘤灶肝脏的肝血流灌注量（HBF）、肝血容积（HBV）、毛细血管表面通透性（PS）及平均通过时间（MTT）;摘取门静脉移植VX2癌栓,采用免疫组化检测癌栓组织VEGF表达,分析肝脏灌注参数与VEGF的相关性。结果近瘤灶和远离瘤灶肝脏各CT灌注参数间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;门静脉癌栓区HBF、HBV及PS均较近瘤灶区和远离瘤灶区增高（P<0.05）,MTT较近瘤灶区和远离瘤灶区降低（P<0.05）。门静脉VX2种植癌栓区HBF、HBV、PS与VEGF表达均呈正相关（r=0.711、0.646、0.626,P<0.05）,MTT与VEGF表达呈负相关（r=－0.565,P<0.05）。结论兔门静脉VX2种植癌栓MSCT灌注参数与VEGF表达具有相关性,MSCT能够评价门静脉种植VX2癌栓的血管生成。     

320排 CT 及血管成像在肝癌诊断及介入治疗中的优势

目的：探讨320排 CT 在肝癌(HCC)诊断中应用价值及血管成像对介入治疗的指导价值。方法回顾性选取41例行肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)HCC 患者,治疗前均行320排 CT 三期扫描及血管重建,观察腹主动脉及其主要分支的起源、走行,肿瘤供血动脉、门静脉癌栓与数字减影血管造影(DSA)图像进行对比分析。结果320排 CT 对于发现直径<3 cm 的小肝癌具有优势,对于肝动脉变异、肿瘤供血动脉、门静脉癌栓的显示与 DSA 一致。结论320排 CT 及血管成像可以准确诊断、评价 HCC 并供血动脉、门静脉癌栓,对介入治疗具有重要的指导意义。     

肝癌16层螺旋CT多期肝血管造影与DSA对比研究

目的:探讨原发性肝癌16层螺旋CT多期肝血管成像技术、优势及其临床价值。方法:对70例原发性肝癌患者分别行肝动脉期、门静脉期、肝实质期螺旋CT多期肝血管造影,分析MIP、VRT、SSD3种血管重建方法对肝癌并发的肿瘤血管性病变的显示,并与DSA进行对比分析。结果:70例肝癌DSA共检出肿瘤供血动脉115支,MSCTA检出110支,符合率约95.6%,两者间无统计学显著性差异(P=0.071)。其中MIP、VRT显示较佳,SSD显示较差(45/115,39%)。DSA显示70例均存在瘤内肿瘤血管,其中MSCTA检出65例,两者表现相似,其间无统计学显著性差异(P=0.069)。MSCTA、DSA分别检出门-肝静脉癌栓36支、27支,存在统计学显著性差异(P=0.004),DSA对较小分支癌栓显示不佳;DSA显示肝动脉-门静脉瘘29例,MSCTA检出27例(符合率93.1%),两者表现一致。MSCTA检出肝动脉解剖变异22例(31.4%),共中9例变异肝动脉参与肝癌供血,与DSA的诊断符合率为100%。结论:16层螺旋CT多期肝血管造影可全面、准确评价原发性肝癌并发的肿瘤血管性病变,与DSA检查有很高的符合率,可为外科手术及介入术前提供重要信息及指导作用。     

MSCT和DSA用于HCCTACE术后复发诊断价值的比较

目的：对比分析MSCT、DSA对诊断HCC TACE术后复发的价值。方法：搜集80例HCC TACE术后复发的病例,回顾性对比分析MSCT、DSA对诊断HCC TACE术后复发的价值。结果：80例病例共发现复发灶165个,其中小于0.5cm的复发灶为92个,0.5～1cm的复发灶为52个,大于1cm的复发灶为21个。对于小于0.5cm的复发灶,MSCT的检出率为43.5%（40/92）,DSA的检出率为86.9%（80/92）,两者具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;对于0.5～1cm的复发灶,MSCT的检出率为86.5%（45/52）,DSA的检出率为94.2%（49/52）,两者差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;对于大于1cm的复发灶,MSCT和DSA检出率均为100%。碘油聚集缺损区内的肿瘤染色DSA显示优于MSCT。结论：HCCTACE术后复发灶以小于0.5cm的为多,MSCT对此类小复发灶（〈0.5cm）容易漏诊;DSA为HCC TACE术后随访和诊断术后复发的最好检查方法。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.