血清半胱氨酸白三烯对儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的诊断价值

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患儿血清半胱氨酸白三烯(CysLTs)水平的变化及临床意义.方法 选择因疑似打鼾而就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院门诊及住院的患儿进行研究,以多导睡眠仪(PSG)监测结果作为金标准,将患儿分为OSAHS组41例,对照组34例;OSAHS组中汉族25例,维吾尔族12例,其他民族4例;按呼吸暂停指数(AHI)将OSAHS组分为轻、中、重3组,采用竞争ELISA法测定患儿血清CysLTs水平.将OSAHS组的血清CysLTs水平与各睡眠呼吸参数进行相关性分析,评价血清CysLTs水平对OSAHS患儿的早期诊断价值.结果 1.OSAHS组血清CysLTs水平为(683.102±89.825)ng/L,显著高于对照组[(461.985±84.951) ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且与AH1、最长呼吸暂停时间、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气时间均呈正相关(r =0.417、0.422、0.208,P均＜0.05),与最低血氧饱和度、平均血氧饱和度均呈负相关(r=-0.192、-0.255,P均＜0.05).2.重度OSAHS组患儿血清CysLTs水平[(773.118±92.015) ng/L]显著高于中度OSAHS组患儿[(712.144±41.331) ng/L]及轻度OSAHS组[(642.206±77.250) ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).3.患儿血清CysLTs水平(560.872 ng/L)为最佳临界点,此临界点的灵敏度(92.7％)和特异度(94.1％)均最高,误诊率和漏诊率较小,诊断符合率为93.3％.4.在OSAHS患儿中汉族患儿血清CysLTs水平[(704.417±77.149) ng/L]高于维吾尔族患儿[(628.053±105.443)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CysLTs水平与OSAHS的严重程度密切相关.不同民族OSAHS患儿血清CysLTs水平具有差异性,汉族患儿血清CysLTs水平高于维吾尔族患儿.血清CysLTs水平可能作为一种血清标志物来初步筛查可疑OSAHS患儿.     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸障碍低通气综合征临床特点分析

目的分析儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸障碍低通气综合征(OSAHS)的临床及多导睡眠监测(PSG)特点。方法选取2016年12月-2019年4月以打鼾或/伴张口呼吸症状就诊的患儿为研究对象,收集临床及PSG监测资料。根据PSG结果分为OSAHS组、单纯打鼾(PS)组及鼾症伴氧减组,分析各组患儿的临床资料及PSG结果。结果共入组408例患儿,中位年龄5岁(4～7岁),男260例、女148例。OSAHS患儿99例,PS患儿201例,鼾症伴氧减患儿42例。OSAHS组扁桃体肿大、腺样体肥大比例高于PS组,鼻炎/鼻窦炎比例低于PS组,OSAHS组的夜间打鼾、呼吸费力、呼吸暂停、夜尿比例均高于PS组,OSAHS组的日间思睡比例高于PS组和鼾症伴氧减组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。OSAHS组的PSG监测NREM1期睡眠时间、鼾声指数均高于PS组,NREM3期比例低于PS组。OSAHS组及鼾症伴氧减组的最低血氧饱和度(LSaO_2)均低于PS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。OSAHS组的呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)最高,呼吸暂停最长时间最长,其次为鼾症伴氧减组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。多元logistic回归模型分析显示,腺样体肥大、肥胖、存在过敏性鼻炎/鼻窦炎是儿童OSAHS发生的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论 OSAHS患儿存在睡眠结构紊乱,主要为NREM1期睡眠时间延长,NREM3期时间缩短。肥胖、腺样体肥大、鼻炎或鼻窦炎是OSAHS发生的危险因素。     

鼾症对儿童睡眠结构及生长发育的影响

目的探讨原发性鼾症(PS)及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)对儿童睡眠效率(SE)、睡眠结构、呼吸事件及生长发育的影响。方法选择2007年12月-2009年7月因打鼾、张口呼吸、呼吸困难等来本院呼吸科及耳鼻喉科就诊的患儿122例,经多导睡眠监测分为PS组(58例)和OSAHS组(64例),对2组患儿的SE、睡眠结构、睡眠事件及生长发育情况进行统计学分析。结果OSAHS组患儿SE低于PS组(P<0.01);OSAHS组Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期睡眠百分比高于PS组,Ⅲ+Ⅳ期及快速动眼睡眠(REM)期睡眠百分比低于PS组(Pa<0.01);OSAHS组呼吸暂停总次数高于PS组(P<0.01);最长呼吸暂停时间OSAHS组明显延长(P<0.01)。二组低通气总次数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),OSAHS组较多;二组最长低通气时间比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01),OSAHS组较长;呼吸紊乱指数、氧减指数二组比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.01),OSAHS组较高。二组患儿身高、体质量、体质量指数、颈围比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05),OSAHS组腺样体面容发生率较PS组显著增高(P<0.05)。结...     

血清食欲素A对儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的诊断价值

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患儿血清食欲素A(OrexinA)水平在诊断儿童OSAHS中的诊断价值.方法 因睡眠打鼾就诊的门诊及住院患儿60例,以多导睡眠监测仪检测结果作为金标准,将患儿分为OSAHS组(40例)和对照组(20例).采用竞争酶联免疫分析法,测定血清Orexin-A水平,与金标准进行比较.对血清Orexin-A作分层检测,得出各层的阳性似然比.分析OSAHS组Orexin-A水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数、微觉醒指数、最低血氧饱和度的相关性.结果 OSAHS组Orexin-A水平为(0.49±0.10)μg/L,对照组患儿为(0.28±0.11)μg/L(P＜0.01).当患儿Orexin-A水平高于0.36μg/L,则患有OSAHS的可能性增加,其灵敏度为85.0％,特异度为80.0％,符合率(一致率)为83.33％.且Orexin-A水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数、微觉醒指数呈正相关(r=0.427、0.468,P均＜0.05),与最低血氧饱和度、平均血氧饱和度呈负相关(r=-0.527、-0.541,P均＜0.01),与体块指数元相关性(r=-0.212,P＞0.05).OSAHS患儿扁桃体及腺样体切除术后3个月血清Orexin-A水平明显低于术前(t=4.36,P＜0.05).结论 食欲素-A可以作为一种初步筛查可疑OSAHS患儿并且可以作为判断OSAHS病情严重程度及治疗反应的血清学指标.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征血清食欲素-A变化及意义研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症患儿血清食欲素-A水平的变化及意义。方法选择30名OSAHS患儿(OSAHS组)、健康儿童20名(正常对照组)和单纯肥胖者30例(单纯肥胖组),所有受试者均接受多导睡眠仪监测,采用竞争酶联免疫分析法(EIA)测定血清食欲素-A水平。结果 OSAHS组血清食欲素-A水平(0.48±0.10)μg/mL高于单纯肥胖组[(0.29±0.07)μg/mL,P0.01]及正常对照组[(0.30±0.12)μg/mL,P0.01]。OSAHS患儿血清Orexin-A水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、微觉醒指数呈正相关(r=0.427、0.468,均P0.05),与最低血样饱和度(LSaO2)、平均血氧饱和度(MSaO2)呈负相关(r=-0.527、-0.541,均P0.01),OSAHS组及单纯肥胖组血清Orexin-A水平与BMI无相关性(P0.05)。结论儿童OSAHS食欲素-A水平升高,其原因可能与睡眠时频繁唤醒、睡眠片段化、低氧血症有关。食欲素-A可能作为一个血清标志物来初步筛查可疑OSAHS患儿。     

缺氧缺血新生大鼠海马缺氧诱导因子1α和促红细胞生成素的表达

目的探讨新生鼠缺氧缺血后海马缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)和脑源性促红细胞生成素(EPO)的表达。方法对7日龄SD新生大鼠结扎左侧颈总动脉并暴露在低氧环境建立新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)模型,以及单纯持续暴露在低氧环境建立低氧诱导模型。新生大鼠HIBD后0、1、6、16h和1、3、7天,用免疫组织化学染色观察海马HIF-1α和EPO的表达情况。低氧诱导0.5、1、2、3、5h后免疫组织化学染色法观察海马HIF-1α的表达。结果 HIBD组随复氧时间的延长,海马CA1区EPO阳性细胞计数先增加后降低,16h最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),对照组各时间点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HIBD组各时间点EPO阳性细胞数均高于对照组(P<0.001)。HIBD组缺氧缺血后即刻(0h)海马齿状回见少量HIF-1α阳性细胞,复氧后各时间点和对照组均未见HIF-1α阳性细胞;持续暴露在低氧环境0.5h,HIF-1α开始表达,至3h时HIF-1α表达达高峰。常氧对照组未见HIF-1α表达。结论新生大鼠HIBD后内源性EPO分泌增加,低氧可诱导HIF-1α表达,推测HIF-1α/EPO缺氧信号转导系统可能参与缺氧缺血后海马神经元形成。     

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目的研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)儿童血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化。方法选择于2009年7月至2010年3月因存在打鼾、睡眠张口呼吸、睡眠憋气或呼吸暂停等睡眠呼吸相关问题,在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院进行整夜睡眠监测的141例患儿,以呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)>5作为OSAHS诊断标准,将入组儿童分为OSAHS组(78例)和非OSAHS组(63例),比较两组血氧指标、OSAHS儿童快速眼动期(REM期)和非快速眼动期(NREM期)的血氧指标。结果 OSAHS组和非OSAHS组相比,最低SpO2和氧减指数(ODI)差异具有统计学意义(Z=-3.64,-5.67,P<0.01),平均SpO2两者相比差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.90,P>0.05)。OSAHS组REM期和NREM期相比,ODI和每小时氧减事件时间差异存在统计学意义(Z=-5.568,-5.937,P<0.05),平均SpO2、最大氧减百分比和最长氧减时间差异无统计学意义(t=0.364,1.868,t=-0.33,P>0.05)。结论 OSAHS儿童存在SpO2的下降,而且REM期同NREM期相比,SpO2下降频率高,持续时间长...     

3-8岁阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征儿童性激素水平的初步研究

目的检测3-8岁阻塞性睡眠暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea-bypopnea sgn-drome,OSAHS）儿童血清性激素水平,探讨其性激素变化与下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴（hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis,HPGA）启动的关系。方法以76例3-8岁符合 OSAHS 的儿童和40例3-8岁健康儿童为研究对象,检测血清睾酮（T）、雌二醇（E2）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）及催乳素（PRL）水平,对其 HPGA 启动、体格发育情况进行对比,分析性别、低氧、体重指数（BMI）与性激素水平之间的关系。结果OSAHS 组儿童身高、体重水平明显低于对照组（P ＜0．05）,E2水平明显高于对照组（P ＜0．01）。OSAHS 组男童 FSH 水平明显低于对照组（P ＜0.01）。OSAHS 组女童 FSH 水平明显高于 OSAHS 组男童（P ＜0．01）。结论OSAHS 可能影响儿童身高、体重,OSAHS 可能影响 E2、FSH 的分泌,3-8岁 OS-AHS 儿童体内雌激素的负反馈调节敏感性高,HPGA 尚未启动。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与血压相关性研究

目的 探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与血压的相关性。方法 纳入2012年7月至2013年7月以睡眠打鼾为主诉于上海儿童医学中心睡眠障碍诊治中心就诊的3~18岁儿童青少年,行整夜多导睡眠图(PSG)监测并测量睡前收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)。根据PSG监测结果分为非OSAHS组和OSAHS组,OSAHS组根据呼吸暂停低通气指数和最低血氧饱和度分为OSAHS轻、中和重度亚组。依据2010年中国儿童青少年血压参照标准诊断高血压。计算收缩压指数(SBPI)和舒张压指数(DBPI)。分析不同程度的OSAHS与血压的相关性。 结果 385例研究对象进入分析,平均年龄(5.5±2.3)岁,男262例,女123例。SBP (100.6 ±10.4) mmHg,DBP (63.2±8.5) mmHg,符合高血压诊断122例(31.7%),其中严重高血压42例(10.9%)。非OSAHS组261例(67.8%);OSAHS组124例,其中轻、中和重度亚组分别有54、43和27例。BMI、BMI-Z评分、颈围、超重及肥胖患病率指标OSAHS组显著高于非OSAHS组。①OSAHS组SBP显著高于非OSAHS组,但调整年龄、性别和BMI-Z评分后SBP的组间差异无统计学意义。OSAHS轻、中和重度亚组SBP和DBP差异有统计学意义 (SBP: F=3.46,P=0.034;DBP: F=4.27,P=0.016),在调整了年龄、性别和BMI-Z评分后SBP和DBP的组间差异仍有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②非OSAHS组和OSAHS组SBPI和DBPI差异无统计学意义;OSAHS轻、中和重度亚组SBPI和DBPI差异有统计学意义(SBPI:F=2.54,P=0.046; DBPI: F=3.25,P=0.042)。③OSAHS轻、中和重度亚组高血压检出率差异有统计学意义,调整了年龄、性别以及BMI-Z评分后,OSAHS重度亚组严重高血压的风险显著高于轻度亚组,OR=5.79 (95%CI: 1.45~23.11)。 结论 鼾症患儿高血压检出率显著高于正常人群,其中重度OSAHS患儿高血压及严重高血压的发生风险最高,提示应密切监测睡眠相关呼吸障碍患儿的血压。     

新疆阿勒泰市汉族和哈族学龄儿童睡眠状况流行病学调查

目的 了解新疆阿勒泰市汉族和哈族学龄儿童睡眠障碍的发生情况及民族差异性、儿童睡眠时间.方法 采取随机整群抽样方法,对阿勒泰市1 096名汉族及988名哈族6～13岁学龄儿童进行睡眠状况的问卷调查(包括父母及儿童问卷).结果 新疆阿勒泰市汉族和哈族学龄儿童各种睡眠障碍总发生率为33.16%,其中哈族儿童发生率为35.83%,汉族儿童为30.75%,两者差异有统计学意义(X2=6.05,P=0.01).哈族儿童睡眠不安、肢体抽动、梦呓、梦游、梦魇和夜惊的发生率较汉族儿童高.在儿童睡眠呼吸障碍相关症状中,习惯性打鼾的总发生率为2.5%,若加上儿童问卷报告的例数,其总发生率升至4.75%,其中哈族为4.76%,汉族为4.74%,两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.989).哈族和汉族学龄儿童在睡眠呼吸障碍的其他相关症状如睡眠呼吸暂停、张口呼吸、喉头哽噎和遗尿等的发生率上差异均无统计学意义.哈族和汉族儿童总的平均睡眠时间为10.67 h,各年龄段儿童平均每天睡眠时间均不低于国内外报道的数据.结论 新疆阿勒泰市汉族和哈族学龄儿童睡眠障碍总发生率高于国内外报道;哈族较汉族儿童睡眠障碍总体发生率及睡眠不安、肢体抽动、梦呓和梦游等的发生率高,应引起社会各界及儿科工作者足够重视.习惯性打鼾总发牛率为4.75%,哈族和汉族学龄儿童习惯性打鼾及其他睡眠呼吸障碍相关症状的发生率差异无统计学意义.哈族儿童的睡眠障碍总体发牛率比汉族儿童高.     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.