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1.
Xiawei Hu Jinlei Li Riyong Zhou Quanguang Wang Fangfang Xia Thomas Halaszynski Xuzhong Xu 《Clinical therapeutics》2017,39(1):89-97.e1
Purpose
A literature review of multiple clinical studies on mixing additives to improve pharmacologic limitation of local anesthetics during peripheral nerve blockade revealed inconsistency in success rates and various adverse effects. Animal research on dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant on the other hand has promising results, with evidence of minimum unwanted results. This randomized, double-blinded, contrastable observational study examined the efficacy of adding dexmedetomidine to a mixture of lidocaine plus ropivacaine during popliteal sciatic nerve blockade (PSNB).Methods
Sixty patients undergoing varicose saphenous vein resection using ultrasonography-guided PSNB along with femoral and obturator nerve blocks as surgical anesthesia were enrolled. All received standardized femoral and obturator nerve blocks, and the PSNB group was randomized to receive either 0.5 mL (50 µg) of dexmedetomidine (DL group) or 0.5 mL of saline (SL group) together with 2% lidocaine (9.5 mL) plus 0.75% ropovacaine (10 mL). Sensory onset and duration of lateral sural cutaneous nerve, sural nerve, superficial peroneal nerve, deep peroneal nerve, lateral plantar nerve, and medial plantar nerve were recorded. Motor onset and duration of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve were also examined.Findings
Sensory onset of sural nerve, superficial peroneal nerve, lateral plantar nerve, and medial plantar nerve was significantly quicker in the DL group than in the SL group (P < 0.05). Sensory onset of lateral sural cutaneous nerve and deep peroneal nerve was not statistically different between the groups (P > 0.05). Motor onset of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve was faster in the DL group than in in the SL group (P < 0.05). Duration of both sensory and motor blockade was significantly longer in the DL group than in the SL group (P < 0.05).Implications
Perineural dexmedetomidine added to lidocaine and ropivacaine enhanced efficacy of popliteal approach to sciatic nerve blockade with faster onset and longer duration. 相似文献2.
3.
Burak Ertaş Bayram Veyseller Abdullah Karataş Alper Özdilek Remzi Doğan Orhan Ozturan 《Clinical therapeutics》2018,40(5):762-767
Purpose
Our aim was to compare the effects of exposing the recurrent laryngeal nerve throughout its entire course with exposing the nerve only at its entry to the larynx in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy due to benign thyroid diseases, and to evaluate the effects of these methods on the risk for hypoparathyroidism.Methods
The medical records of 437 patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy at the ear, nose, and throat clinic between 2001 and 2015 for benign thyroid diseases were evaluated retrospectively. Mean patient age was 46.7 years (range 18–79 years). Eighty-six patients were male and 351 were female. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to recurrent laryngeal nerve exposure during surgery. In the first group, the nerve was observed as it entered the larynx, and its course was not completely exposed. In the second group, the nerve was identified in the tracheoesophageal groove, and its course was fully exposed. Group 1 consisted of 256 patients (47 male and 209 female) and group 2 consisted of 181 patients (39 male and 142 female). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age and gender, and the groups were homogeneously distributed.Findings
Transient hypoparathyroidism was observed in 15 (5.8%) patients and permanent hypoparathyroidism was observed in 3 (1.1%) patients in group 1, and transient hypoparathyroidism was observed in 23 (12.7%) patients and permanent hypoparathyroidism was observed in 7 (3.8%) patients in group 2. The rates of both transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism were higher in the patients in group 2, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Transient recurrent nerve palsy was seen in 1 patient in each group. Permanent recurrent nerve palsy occurred in 1 patient in group 2, although the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.28).Implications
Transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism were less common in thyroidectomies that involved detection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve at the site of entry to the larynx and keeping its dissection minimal; this technique was also more reliable. 相似文献4.
Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus nerve block vs procedural sedation for the treatment of upper extremity emergencies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Background
Emergency physicians often treat patients who require procedural sedation for the management of upper extremity fractures, dislocations, and abscesses (upper extremity emergencies). Unfortunately, procedural sedation is associated with several rare but potentially serious adverse effects and requires continuous hemodynamic monitoring and several dedicated staff members. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus nerve blocks in the emergency department (ED) as an alternative to procedural sedation for the management of upper extremity emergencies.Methods
In a prospective trial, a convenience sample of ED patients with upper extremity emergencies that would normally require procedural sedation were assigned to receive either procedural sedation or an ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus nerve block. Emergency department length of stay (ED LOS) was the primary outcome measure and was analyzed using a paired 2-tailed Student t test.Results
A total of 12 subjects were enrolled. Average ED LOS for subjects receiving the brachial plexus nerve block was 106 minutes (95% confidence interval, 57-155 minutes). Average ED LOS for subjects receiving procedural sedation was 285 minutes (95% confidence interval, 228-343 minutes). The ED LOS was significantly shorter in the nerve block group (P < .0005). Patient satisfaction was high in both groups, and no significant complications occurred in either group.Conclusions
In our population, ultrasound-guided brachial plexus nerve blocks resulted in shorter ED LOS compared to procedural sedation for patients with upper extremity fractures, dislocations, or abscesses. 相似文献5.
Basmah Safdar Gail D’Onofrio James Dziura Raymond R. Russell Caitlin Johnson Albert J. Sinusas 《Clinical therapeutics》2017,39(1):55-63
Purpose
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a common but underdiagnosed cause of chest pain. Literature is scant regarding effective treatments. We explored the effect of ranolazine on coronary flow reserve (CFR) among symptomatic patients with CMD.Methods
This pilot double-blinded randomized controlled trial included emergency department patients with chest pain and CMD admitted to an observation unit between June 2014 and November 2015. Participants were assessed by cardiac Rb-82 positron emission tomography and computed tomography imaging at baseline and 30 days. CMD was defined as CFR <2 corrected for rate pressure product or <2.5 uncorrected, with no evidence of obstructive or nonobstructive coronary artery disease or calcification. Patients with infarction, hypertensive urgency, heart failure, or prescribed QTc-prolonging drugs were excluded. Participants were assigned to ranolazine or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. Primary outcome was change in CFR at 30 days.Findings
We enrolled 31 patients (71% female, mean [SD] age 50 [6] years) with CMD (mean [SD] corrected CFR 1.6 [0.3]). Ranolazine improved CFR at 30 days by 17% (P = 0.005) compared with 0% with placebo (P = 0.67). However, there was no significant difference in the primary outcome as measured by mean change in CFR (0.27 ranolazine compared with 0.06 placebo; 95% CI, ?0.08 to 0.62).Implications
The emergency department offers a unique venue to diagnose CMD with acute symptoms. In an exploratory randomized controlled trial of symptomatic patients with CMD and no coronary artery disease, promising results were seem with ranolazine and CFR improving at 30 days. Large robust clinical trials are needed to verify improvement of CMD in a sex-specific model. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02052011. 相似文献6.
C. López-López A. Arranz-Esteban M.V. Martinez-Ureta M.C. Sánchez-Rascón C. Morales-Sánchez M. Chico-Fernández 《Enfermería intensiva / Sociedad Espa?ola de Enfermería Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias》2018,29(2):64-71
Objective
To analyse the influence of psychotropic substance use on the level of pain in patients with severe trauma.Design
Longitudinal analytical study.Scope
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Trauma and Emergencies.Patients
severe trauma, non-communicative and mechanical ventilation > 48 hours. Two groups of patients were created: users and non-users of psychotropic substances according to medical records.Interventions
Measurement of pain level at baseline and during mobilization, using the Pain Indicator Behaviour Scale.Variables
demographic characteristics, pain score, sedation level and type and dose of analgesia and sedation.Results
Sample of 84 patients, 42 in each group. The pain level in both groups, during mobilisation, showed significant differences p = 0.011, with a mean of 3.11 (2.40) for the user group and 1.83 (2.14) for the non-user group. A relative risk of 2.5 CI (1,014-6,163) was found to have moderate / severe pain in the user group compared to the non-user group. The mean dose of analgesia and continuous sedation was significantly higher in the user group: P=.032 and P=.004 respectively. There was no difference in bolus dose of analgesia and sedation with P=.624 and P=.690 respectively.Conclusions
Patients with a history of consumption of psychoactive substances show higher levels of pain and experience a higher risk of this being moderate/severe compared to non-users despite receiving higher doses of analgesia and sedation infusion. Key words: pain, multiple trauma, drug users. 相似文献7.
Liping Yan Xiaohong Kan Limei Zhu Kaijin Xu Jianjun Yin Li Jie Yong Li Ji Yue Wenyu Cui Juan Du Lihua Wang Shouyong Tan Xiangao Jiang Zhong Zeng Shenghui Xu Lin Wang Yu Chen Weiguo He Heping Xiao 《Clinical therapeutics》2018,40(3):440-449
Purpose
We designed a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled study to assess a 5-month regimen compared with the standard regimen on previously treated patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).Methods
We enrolled 917 sputum smear–positive patients undergoing additional treatment in 27 major tuberculosis hospitals in China. Patients were randomly assigned to a test group (n = 626)treated with a 5-month regimen of moxifloxacin, pasiniazid, rifabutin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide or a reference group (n = 291) treated with an 8-month regimen of isoniazid, rifampicin, and streptomycin. All patients with a favorable response were followed up for 5 years after the end of treatment.Findings
Of the study patients, 61 in the test group and 19 in the reference group had multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB. The treatment success rate in the study group was 74.12%, which was significantly higher than the 67.70% in the reference group (P = 0.04), whereas the treatment success rate of patients with MDR-TB was not significantly different between the test and reference groups (70.5% vs 63.1%, P =0.79). The adverse effects rates in the test and reference groups were 7.4% and 3.1%, respectively (P = .01). The difference in the TB recurrence rates between the group arm (9.6%) and the reference group (21.8%) was statistically significant (P < 0.001).Implications
The moxifloxacin, pasiniazid, rifabutin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide test regimen yielded higher success and lower recurrence rates than the currently recommended isoniazid, rifampicin, and streptomycin regimen, but the rate of adverse effects was higher. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02331823. 相似文献8.
Chee Hae Kim Kyung Ah Han Jaemyung Yu Sang Hak Lee Hui Kyung Jeon Sang Hyun Kim Seok Yeon Kim Ki Hoon Han Kyungheon Won Dong-Bin Kim Kwang-Jae Lee Kyungwan Min Dong Won Byun Sang-Wook Lim Chul Woo Ahn SeongHwan Kim Young Joon Hong Jidong Sung Hyo-Soo Kim 《Clinical therapeutics》2018,40(1):83-94
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of adding ω-3 fatty acids to rosuvastatin in patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia despite statin treatment.Methods
This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. After a 4-week run-in period of rosuvastatin treatment, the patients who had residual hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to receive rosuvastatin 20 mg/d plus ω-3 fatty acids 4 g/d (ROSUMEGA group) or rosuvastatin 20 mg/d (rosuvastatin group) with a 1:1 ratio and were prescribed each medication for 8 weeks.Findings
A total of 201 patients were analyzed (mean [SD] age, 58.1 [10.7] years; 62.7% male). After 8 weeks of treatment, the percentage change from baseline in triglycerides (TGs) and non–HDL-C was significantly greater in the ROSUMEGA group than in the rosuvastatin group (TGs: ?26.3% vs ?11.4%, P < 0.001; non–HDL-C: ?10.7% vs ?2.2%, P = 0.001). In the linear regression analysis, the lipid-lowering effect of ω-3 fatty acids was greater when baseline TG or non?HDL-C levels were high and body mass index was low. The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the 2 groups.Implications
In patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia despite statin treatment, a combination of ω-3 fatty acids and rosuvastatin produced a greater reduction of TGs and non?HDL-C than rosuvastatin alone. Further study is needed to determine whether the advantages of this lipid profile of ω-3 fatty acids actually leads to the prevention of cardiovascular event. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03026933. 相似文献9.
Schuster M Engelhardt L Erler W Dienert B Wagner M Birnbaum J Volk T 《Schmerz (Berlin, Germany)》2011,25(1):62-68
Background
Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine are both used for continuous femoral analgesia after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; however it is unknown whether both drugs are equally effective regarding pain control, preservation of mobility and patient satisfaction.Methods and materials
In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial 84?patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with quadruple hamstring tendons were studied. For postoperative pain therapy levobupivacaine 0.125%, ropivacaine 0.2% or placebo control with NaCl 0.9% at a rate of 6?ml/h were used for 48?h using a femoral nerve catheter. All patients also received an i.v. patient-controlled analgesia (IVPCA) pump with piritramide.Results
Patient satisfaction was significantly higher and night rest was better in both treatment groups compared to the placebo group but there appeared to be no major differences between the two local anesthetics. Opioid consumption was significantly higher in the placebo group compared to the levobupivacaine group but not the ropivacaine group. The pain scores showed a trend towards higher scores in the placebo group throughout but the difference only reached statistical significance on postoperative day?1. No statistical significant differences in motor block were found between the three groups.Conclusion
Postoperative analgesia for ACL reconstruction during the first 48?h using femoral block with a continuous infusion of levobupivacaine 0.125% or ropivacaine 0.2% in combination with an IVPCA is similarly effective and better than a placebo. Both studied drugs seem to be equally appropriate for this purpose. 相似文献10.
Tomasz Wolny Edward Saulicz Paweł Linek Michael Shacklock Andrzej Myśliwiec 《Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics》2017,40(4):263-272
Objective
The purpose of this randomized trial was to compare the efficacy of manual therapy, including the use of neurodynamic techniques, with electrophysical modalities on patients with mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).Methods
The study included 140 CTS patients who were randomly assigned to the manual therapy (MT) group, which included the use of neurodynamic techniques, functional massage, and carpal bone mobilizations techniques, or to the electrophysical modalities (EM) group, which included laser and ultrasound therapy. Nerve conduction, pain severity, symptom severity, and functional status measured by the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire were assessed before and after treatment. Therapy was conducted twice weekly and both groups received 20 therapy sessions.Results
A baseline assessment revealed group differences in sensory conduction of the median nerve (P < .01) but not in motor conduction (P = .82). Four weeks after the last treatment procedure, nerve conduction was examined again. In the MT group, median nerve sensory conduction velocity increased by 34% and motor conduction velocity by 6% (in both cases, P < .01). There was no change in median nerve sensory and motor conduction velocities in the EM. Distal motor latency was decreased (P < .01) in both groups. A baseline assessment revealed no group differences in pain severity, symptom severity, or functional status. Immediately after therapy, analysis of variance revealed group differences in pain severity (P < .01), with a reduction in pain in both groups (MT: 290%, P < .01; EM: 47%, P < .01). There were group differences in symptom severity (P < .01) and function (P < .01) on the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Both groups had an improvement in functional status (MT: 47%, P < .01; EM: 9%, P < .01) and a reduction in subjective CTS symptoms (MT: 67%, P < .01; EM: 15%, P < .01).Conclusion
Both therapies had a positive effect on nerve conduction, pain reduction, functional status, and subjective symptoms in individuals with CTS. However, the results regarding pain reduction, subjective symptoms, and functional status were better in the MT group. 相似文献11.
Camila Cadena de Almeida Vinicius Z. Maldaner da Silva Gerson Cipriano Júnior Richard Eloin Liebano Joao Luiz Quagliotti Durigan 《Revista brasileira de fisioterapia (S?o Carlos (S?o Paulo, Brazil))》2018,22(5):347-354
Background
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current have been widely used in clinical practice. However, a systematic review comparing their effects on pain relief has not yet been performed.Objectives
To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current on acute and chronic pain.Methods
We use Pubmed, Embase, LILACS, PEDro and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials as data sources. Two independent reviewers that selected studies according to inclusion criteria, extracted information of interest and verified the methodological quality of the studies made study selection. The studies were selected if transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current were used as treatment and they had pain as the main outcome, as evaluated by a visual analog scale. Secondary outcomes were the Western Ontario Macmaster and Rolland Morris Disability questionnaires, which were added after data extraction.Results
Eight studies with a pooled sample of 825 patients were included. The methodological quality of the selected studies was moderate, with an average of six on a 0–10 scale (PEDro). In general, both transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current improved pain and functional outcomes without a statistical difference between them.Conclusion
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current have similar effects on pain outcome The low number of studies included in this meta-analysis indicates that new clinical trials are needed. 相似文献12.
Five-day course of paired associative stimulation fails to improve motor function in stroke patients
Mohamed Tarri Nabila Brihmat David Gasq Benoît Lepage Isabelle Loubinoux Xavier De Boissezon Philippe Marque Evelyne Castel-Lacanal 《Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine》2018,61(2):78-84
Background
Non-invasive brain stimulation has been studied as a therapeutic adjunct for upper-limb recovery in patients with stroke. One type of stimulation, paired associative stimulation (PAS), has effects on plasticity in both patients and healthy participants. Lasting several hours, these effects are reversible and topographically specific.Objective
The goal was to investigate the presence of a lasting increase in motor cortex plasticity for extensor wrist muscles — extensor carpi radialis (ECR) — and an improvement in upper-limb function after 5 days of daily PAS in patients at the subacute post-stroke stage.Methods
A total of 24 patients (mean [SD] age 50.1 [12.1] years, weeks since stroke 10.1 [5.3]) were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and randomly assigned to the PAS or sham group (n = 13 and n = 11). For the PAS group, patients underwent a 5-day course of electrical peripheral stimulation combined with magnetic cortical stimulation applied to the ECR muscle in a single daily session at 0.1 Hz for 30 min; patients with sham treatment received minimal cortical stimulation. Both patient groups underwent 2 hr of conventional physiotherapy. Variations in the motor evoked potential (MEP) surface area of the ECR muscle and Fugl–Meyer Assessment–Upper-Limb motor scores were analysed up to day 12.Results
The 2 groups did not differ in electrophysiological or motor parameters. Repeated PAS sessions seemed to affect only patients with low initial cortical excitability. We found considerable variability in PAS effects between patients and across the sessions.Conclusion
We failed to induce a lasting effect with PAS in the present study. PAS does not seem to be the main method for post-stroke brain stimulation. Perhaps recruitment of patients could be more selective, possibly targeting those with a wide altered ipsilesional corticomotor pathway. 相似文献13.
Jong-Dai Kim Cheol-Young Park Bong-Yun Cha Kyu Jeung Ahn In Joo Kim Kyong Soo Park Hyung Woo Lee Kyung-Wan Min Jong Chul Won Min Young Chung Jae-Taek Kim Jun Goo Kang Sung-Woo Park 《Clinical therapeutics》2018,40(5):752-761.e2
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the adherence of the glimepiride/metformin sustained release (GM-SR) once-daily fixed-dose combination and glimepiride/metformin immediate release (GM-IR) BID fixed-dose combination in type 2 diabetes therapies.Methods
An open-label, randomized, multicenter, parallel-group study was conducted at 11 hospitals in the Republic of Korea. A total of 168 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with >4 mg of glimepiride and 1000 mg of metformin by using free or fixed-dose combination therapy for at least 2 weeks were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive GM-SR 4/1000 mg once-daily or GM-IR 2/500 mg BID for 24 weeks. Adherence was compared by using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS).Findings
A significant difference in adherence was observed between the 2 groups. Overall adherence, defined by the number of container openings divided by the number of prescribed doses, was 91.7% in the GM-SR group and 88.6% in the GM-IR group (P < 0.001). The percentage of treatment days with the correct number of doses taken was 85.3% in the GM-SR group and 75.1% in the GM-IR group (P < 0.001). The percentage of missed doses was 11.7% in the GM-SR group and 15.3% in the GM-IR group (P < 0.001). The percentage of doses taken in the correct time window and therapeutic coverage were higher in the GM-SR group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in glycosylated hemoglobin changes or number of adverse events between the 2 groups. A total of 168 patients randomized to receive GM-SR once daily (86 patients) or GM-IR twice daily (82 patients). Mean Age were 57.8 ± 9.6 years old. Male : female ratio was 47.6 : 52.4 %. Body mass index were 66.3 ± 12.0 kg/m2, Diabetes duration were 10.5 ± 6.6 years.Implications
This study showed that patient adherence with GM-SR once daily was significantly better than with GM-IR BID. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01620489. 相似文献14.
Stacy M. Harnish Amy D. Rodriguez Deena Schwen Blackett Christopher Gregory Lauren Seeds Jeffrey H. Boatright Bruce Crosson 《Clinical therapeutics》2018,40(1):35-48.e6
Purpose
This study investigated whether participation in aerobic exercise enhances the effects of aphasia therapy, and the degree to which basal serum brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) concentrations fluctuate after the beginning of aerobic exercise or stretching activities in individuals with poststroke aphasia.Methods
The study used a single-subject, multiple-baseline design. Seven individuals with chronic poststroke aphasia participated in 2 Blocks of aphasia therapy: aphasia therapy alone (Block 1), followed by aphasia therapy with the addition of aerobic activity via bicycle ergometer (n = 5) or stretching (n = 2) (Block 2). Serum BDNF concentrations from blood draws were analyzed in 4 participants who exercised and in 1 participant who stretched.Findings
Three of the five exercise participants demonstrated larger Tau-U effects when aphasia therapy was paired with aerobic exercise, whereas 1 of the 2 stretching participants demonstrated a larger effect size when aphasia therapy was paired with stretching. Group-level comparisons revealed a greater overall increase in effect size in the aerobic exercise group, as indicated by differences in Tau-U weighted means. BDNF data showed that all 4 exercise participants demonstrated a decrease in BDNF concentrations during the first 6 weeks of exercise and an increase in BDNF levels near or at baseline during the last 6 weeks of exercise. The stretching participant did not show the same pattern.Implications
Additional research is needed to understand the mechanism of effect and to identify the factors that mediate response to exercise interventions, specifically the optimal dose of exercise and timing of language intervention with exercise. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01113879. 相似文献15.
Purpose
Techniques used to identify AmpC β-lactamases in SPICE (Serratia, Pseudomonas, indole-positive Proteus, Citrobacter, and Enterobacter) organisms are not yet optimized for the clinical laboratory and are not routinely used. Clinicians are often left with an uncertainty on the choice of antibiotic when a SPICE organism is isolated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of carbapenem versus noncarbapenem regimens in treating bacteremia or urinary tract infection from a SPICE organism in clinical practice.Methods
This single-center, retrospective, cohort study analyzed data from adult patients who had clinical infection with a SPICE organism isolated from blood or urine cultures. Patients were assigned to a carbapenem- or noncarbapenem-treated group. The primary end point was clinical response, defined as a resolution of signs and symptoms of infection at the end of therapy.Findings
A total of 332 patients were assessed, and 145 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. There were 20 patients who received a carbapenem, while 125 received a noncarbapenem regimen. The percentage of patients who were bacteremic was 46.2%. Clinical response overall was achieved in 80% of patients on a carbapenem versus 90.3% of patients on a noncarbapenem regimen (P = 0.24). The rate of microbiologic cure was 90% in patients on a carbapenem versus 91.2% in patients on a noncarbapenem regimen (P = 1).Implications
In this study in patients treated for infection with a SPICE organism in clinical practice, the rates of clinical response did not differ significantly between the carbapenem and noncarbapenem groups. Current CLSI breakpoints set for SPICE organisms may still be reliable and may not require additional testing for AmpC β-lactamases. 相似文献16.
Naomi C. Sacks Philip L. Cyr Arthur C. Louie Yanmei Liu Michael T. Chiarella Abhishek Sharma Karen C. Chung 《Clinical therapeutics》2018,40(5):692-703.e2
Purpose
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) disproportionately affects older adults; the prognosis in this subpopulation is generally poor, with variable use of inpatient chemotherapy. This study characterizes treatment patterns, hospitalizations, and outcomes among older patients with AML.Methods
Using the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' 2010–2012 100% Limited Data Set (LDS), data from all hospital claims from fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries between 60 and 75 years of age with newly diagnosed AML and ≥1 hospitalization were analyzed.Findings
Among 3700 identified patients with AML, 1979 (53.5%) received chemotherapy. Hospitalization rates were highest initially and then declined over time, irrespective of chemotherapy use. The mean length of initial hospital stay was longer in patients receiving chemotherapy. Intensive care unit admissions occurred in 33% of initial hospitalizations. Factors associated with receiving chemotherapy included younger age, fewer comorbidities, and the absence of prior hematologic disorders. Chemotherapy was associated with significantly increased survival compared with no chemotherapy (P < 0.0001).Implications
AML in older patients is associated with frequent hospitalizations and intensive care unit admissions. New treatment options with more favorable risk-to-benefit profiles are needed in this population. 相似文献17.
Rahul P. Patel Jilson Jacob Mohammed Sedeeq Long Chiau Ming Troy Wanandy Syed Tabish R. Zaidi Gregory M. Peterson 《Clinical therapeutics》2018,40(4):664-667
Purpose
The aim was to investigate the stability of cefazolin in elastomeric infusion devices.Methods
Elastomeric devices (Infusor LV) that contain cefazolin (3 g/240 mL and 6 g/240 mL) were prepared and stored at 4°C for 72 hours and then at 35°C for 12 hours, followed by 25°C for 12 hours. An aliquot was withdrawn at predefined time points and analyzed for the concentration of cefazolin. Samples were also assessed for changes in pH, solution color, and particle content.Findings
Cefazolin retained acceptable chemical and physical stability over the studied storage period and conditions.Implications
These findings will allow the administration of cefazolin by the Infusor LV elastomeric device in the outpatient and remote settings. 相似文献18.
Ashwani Kumar Varun Dhir Shefali Sharma Aman Sharma Surjit Singh 《Clinical therapeutics》2017,39(1):150-158
Purpose
Triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH), triamcinolone acetonide (TA), and methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) are commonly used intra-articular steroid preparations. Studies suggest that intra-articular TH is more efficacious than MPA and TA in chronic inflammatory arthritis. However, it is unclear which of the latter two preparations has better efficacy. Thus, we compared intra-articular knee injections of MPA and TA in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis.Methods
This double-blind, randomized controlled trial included patients with rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis with an acutely swollen knee joint (≥1 week, <24 weeks). They were randomly assigned (1:1) to intra-articular knee injection with MPA or TA (80 mg, 2 mL of each). Evaluations were performed at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Primary outcome was time to relapse (Kaplan-Meier) over 24 weeks, with relapse defined as return to baseline pain or swelling ≥1 week. Secondary outcomes were change in pain and swelling (using a numerical rating scale), range of movement, and occurrence of adverse effects. Primary analysis was intention to treat, with last observation carried forward.Findings
One hundred patients (89 with rheumatoid arthritis) were randomly assigned in equal numbers to the MPA and TA groups. Nine patients relapsed in each group over 24 weeks. The mean time to relapse was not significantly different between the MPA and TA groups (20.8 [95% CI, 18.8–22.7] weeks and 20.9 [95% CI, 19.0–22.8] weeks, respectively; P = 0.9; hazard ratio = 1.0 [95% CI, 0.4–2.5]). In both groups, there was a significant decline in pain and swelling scores at all visits (P < 0.001); however, there were no significant intergroup differences. At 24 weeks, mean change in pain in the MPA (–4.4 [3.1]) and TA groups (–3.9 [2.8]) was not significantly different (P = 0.46). No infection, hematoma or hypopigmentation occurred in any patient. In addition, no significant intergroup differences were found in joint swelling, range of movement, modified (28 joint) Disease Activity Score using 3 variables, or Health Assessment Questionnaire over 24 weeks.Implications
No significant differences were found in efficacy between intra-articular knee injections with MPA and TA in these patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis. However, results need to be extrapolated cautiously because of the small sample size. Three-quarters of the patients remained relapse free at 24 weeks. Clinical Trials Registry of India (www.ctri.nic.in) identifier: CTRI/2015/09/006187. 相似文献19.