Dabigatran Reversal With Idarucizumab Preceding Thrombolysis in an Octogenarian Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Stroke: A Case Report

Background and PurposeReversing the effect of dabigatran among patients with atrial fibrillation is important to normalize coagulation profile among patients who develop serious hemorrhage from any source. However, such intervention always has the potential to cause a prothrombotic state. Among patients suspected of ischemic stroke, Idarucizumab, may be administered preceding thrombolysis. This is a considerable option when given during the critical phase of revascularization.MethodsWe report the case of an 84-year old, male, banker, known hypertensive with chronic renal disease. He has non valvular atrial fibrillation receiving Dabigatran at 75 mg twice daily and presented with symptoms of right-sided weakness, right hemisensory loss, facial asymmetry, and slurring of speech equating to National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of 5. After coming into the hospital for a suspected stroke, 3 hours and 25 minutes after symptoms, complete reversal of Dabigatran with Idarucizumab was administered and intravenous thrombolysis was initiated 271 minutes post ictus. There was immediate improvement of the right upper extremity weakness and dysarthria 30 minutes post infusion. At 13 days post ictus, the patient was discharged with minimal right central facial palsy and right arm drift (NIHSS 2). Brain CT scan post revascularization did not reveal any hemorrhage and anticoagulant Apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily was started and maintained thereafter. Brain Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA) showed complete recanalization of the left proximal MCA after 52 days.ConclusionOur case showed the effectiveness and safety of giving Idarucizumab followed by thrombolysis in Dabigatran-treated atrial fibrillation with ischemic stroke. Based on this case, the procedure can be performed in an elderly population with chronic kidney disease when administered close to the limit of threshold for thrombolysis.     

Ullrich病病例报道与文献复习

1临床资料 患者,女性,12岁,主因“进行性四肢无力、萎缩12年,加重2年半”就诊。母亲怀孕时感胎动较少。自然分娩,产程顺利。生后较正常婴儿软,吸吮无力,张力低,1岁仍不能抬头和翻身,2岁半不会走路。当地检查诊断为“先天性双侧髋关节脱位,先天性斜颈”,行斜颈手术治疗及双侧髋关节复位治疗。     

MOG抗体脑脊髓炎1例分析并文献复习

目的：学习和讨论MOG抗体脑脊髓炎的临床特点、治疗方法及预后。方法：报道1例少见的MOG抗体 脑脊髓炎病例并复习相关文献。结果：该病例以癫痫为首发临床症状,影像学表现为皮质、深部灰质核团及 软脑膜受累,血清及脑脊液MOG抗体阳性,激素治疗后症状缓解明显。搜索既往MOG抗体脑脊髓炎病例报 道,检索出脑炎表现的成人患者病例61例。以急性播散性脑脊髓炎及脑干脑炎病例常见,治疗方法主要是免 疫治疗。结论：目前MOG抗体脑脊髓炎的病理机制尚不明确,临床特征、治疗及预后也存在不确定性。因 此,早期识别、及时治疗是获得更好预后的重要因素。     

Paget样鲍温病1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨Paget样鲍温病的组织病理特征、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗、误诊原因和预防。方法：报道1例Paget样鲍温病,并结合文献进行复习。结果：Paget样鲍温病组织病理检查兼具鲍温病和乳房外Paget病样改变,主要需与乳房外Paget病及Paget样原位恶黑等鉴别,手术切除是首选治疗方法。结论：Paget样鲍温病临床罕见,易被误诊,需通过组织病理检查确诊,对诊断困难的病例尚需通过粘蛋白染色或多种抗体免疫组化染色进行鉴别。     

Jacob病:1例报告和文献复习

目的：探讨Jacob病的临床特征．诊断．治疗及病理学特点。方法：对1例Jacob病患者进行分析并结合文献回顾，结果：Jacob病是指下领骨喙突增大并颧弓内侧形成假关节的一种疾病，好发于13-62岁．平均26岁，全景片可清晰的显示颧突形态的改变．而CT．三维CT更直观显示增大喙窦与颧弓的位置关系，多数患者可通过口内进路手术切除增大的喙突．少数因喙突增生过大或双侧增大需选择冠状切口、根据骨和软骨的比例不同．增生的喙突有不同的病理诊断。结论：Jacob病临床相当少见．其病因病理需要进一步研究。     

Pain in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review

AimsTo assess the presence of pain, its location, intensity, and effects on the daily activities of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD).Participants/SubjectsPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD).DesignA systematic review.MethodsWe carried out search for articles published until December 2020, including publications in Portuguese, English, and Spanish during the past 15 years (2005-2020), using the Embase, SciELO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The following information was collected: type of pain, pain treatment, pain assessment instrument, prevalence of pain, location, and influence of pain on quality of life.ResultsTwenty-five studies were selected for a systematic review. These studies involved a total of 98,162 adult and elderly patients with CKD who were undergoing HD. There was a high prevalence of pain in patients with CKD on HD. The most frequent sites of pain were the head, back, bones, chest, and the upper and lower limbs. The presence of acute, chronic, neuropathic pain, and myalgia was also reported in the studies. In addition, there was a higher frequency of moderate and severe pain, which influenced daily activities, the ability to walk, mood, relationships with other people, sleep, and work in patients on dialysis.ConclusionsThe analyzed studies suggest that acute and chronic pain is a prevalent complaint in adults and elderly patients undergoing HD. There was a higher frequency of moderate and severe pain in different parts of the body, and pain interfered with everyday activities.     

平山病误诊为运动神经元病1例分析并文献复习

目的分析少见的平山病（Hirayama disease,HD）,就其临床、影像学特点及发病机制进行探讨,提高对该病的认识。方法采用回顾行研究方法,报告1例曾误诊为运动神经元病的平山病的临床表现及检查资料。结果该病例为男性,青春期发病,呈单侧上肢远端无力伴萎缩;肌电图为神经源性改变,屈颈MRI可见下段颈髓前移、硬脊膜向前移位,硬膜外间隙增宽。结论根据平山病的临床及屈颈位MRI表现的特点,可以提高确诊率。     

肾集合管癌1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨起源于肾髓质集合管的肾集合管癌,分析其病理形态学特征及鉴别诊断.方法：对3例肾集合管癌进行大体,光镜及免疫组化观察并结合文献复习.结果：肿瘤主要位于肾髓质,囊实性肿块,呈灰白或灰黄色,侵袭性强;镜下肿瘤呈弥漫性或腺管状,乳头状排列,肿瘤间质纤维组织反应性增生,多量浆细胞或淋巴细胞浸润;免疫组化：CK（AE3） 、EMA .vimentin（＋）,CD10、CEA、CK7和CK20（-） .结论：肾集合管癌是一种起源于肾髓质集合管的罕见性肾肿瘤,恶性度高,预后差,确诊本病时应与肾乳头状癌和肾髓质癌鉴别.     

以肾损害为首发表现的Castleman病误诊1例分析并文献复习

目的：提高对Castleman病肾脏损害的认识。方法：对1例以肾损害为首发表现的Castleman病进行病例分析,并复习国内外有关文献。结果：患者为多中心型浆细胞型Castleman病,主要表现为贫血、蛋白尿和急性肾衰、血沉增快、多克隆球蛋白血症和低白蛋白血症,经治疗好转,肾功能恢复。结论：Castleman病引起肾脏损害较少见,且临床表现不典型,如遇此种类似病例尽早行肿大淋巴结活检,以期尽早帮助明确诊断。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后慢性移植物抗宿主病相关性肾病综合征

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)相关性肾病综合征(NS)的临床特点及治疗方法。方法对1例急性髓性白血病M2(AML-M2)的患者采用了改良的马利兰/环磷酰胺(Bu/Cy)预处理方案进行了allo-HSCT。移植后8月出现骨髓细胞学复发,给予化疗及两次供者淋巴细胞输注(DLI),回输的单个核细胞(MNC)数分别为6.80×107/kg和8.70×107/kg,第二次DLI后2月患者出现双下肢凹陷性水肿,呈进行性加重,同时伴有口干、眼干的症状,查ALT 263U/L,AST 89U/L,黄疸指数正常,肾功能正常,24h尿蛋白定量4.4g,24h尿白蛋白定量4.15g,血清白蛋白为27.4g/L,胆固醇总量为7.48mmol/L,甘油三酯为3.6mmol/L。抗核抗体(ANA)1:1000,颗粒型,抗U1RNP抗体弱阳性。考虑为cGVHD相关的NS。予硫唑嘌呤、环孢素A和泼尼松治疗,同时给予补充白蛋白、利尿等。结果患者于治疗2月后尿蛋白逐渐转阴,口干、眼干的症状改善,24h尿蛋白定量下降至0.15g,24h尿白蛋白定量下降至0.13g,血清白蛋白上升至38.5g/L,血脂正常,ANA滴度下降至1:100,抗U1RNP抗体转阴。随访到目前移植后22月,第二次DLI后11月,患者尿蛋白持续阴性,骨髓处于持续完全缓解状态,仍在继续随访中。结论cGVHD相关的NS,应尽量行肾组织活检,取得其病理诊断,以便进行相应的治疗。     

Acute Myocardial Infarction With Sumatriptan: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

We report a case of myocardial infarction associated with the use of sumatriptan and review the literature regarding similar cases. A 54-year-old woman with a history of migraine without aura, mild arterial hypertension, depression, and no history of coronary artery disease was admitted to our hospital for acute myocardial infarction, 30 minutes after using 6 mg of subcutaneous sumatriptan. Coronary angiography performed several days later revealed a normal coronary arterial system. Although at discharge the patient was advised to permanently avoid triptans, she continued the use of oral sumatriptan at low dosage (25-50 mg) without any problems.     

Hallervorden—Spatz病1例报告并文献复习

目的：分析少见的Hallervorden—Spatz病（HSD）的临床表现及核磁共振成像（MRI）特征。方法：采用回顾性研究方法,报告1例早发儿童型HSD临床表现及客观检查资料。结果：本病以锥体外系受累为主,可合并有锥体束征、智能障碍及视网膜色素变性,病程缓慢进展,头颅MRI示双侧苍白球对称性“八”形异常信号,即“虎眼征”,为铁盐沉积所致。结论：根据HSD临床表现和MRI的特点,在排除其他变性病的基础上,可在生前诊断此病。     

播散型组织胞浆菌病1例报告并文献复习

提高对播散型组织胞浆菌病（PDH）的认识。方法：结合1例PDH患者的临床资料及文献复习,对本病病原学、流行病学、临床表现、诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗等方面进行分析。结果：患者以不规则发热、消瘦、全身淋巴结肿大为主要临床表现,组织病理学检查镜下找到组织胞浆菌孢子。氟康唑治疗有效。结论：PDH是由组织胞浆菌引起的累及全身单核巨噬细胞系统的深部真菌病,临床表现多样,确诊有赖于病原菌的检查。     

脑膜黑色素细胞瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨原发性脑膜黑色素细胞瘤的诊断与治疗。方法：回顾总结原发性脑膜黑色素细胞瘤患者的临床资料，复习近期国内外相关文献。结果：手术全切1例脑膜黑色素细胞瘤，随访1～10a未见肿瘤复发。结论：脑膜黑色素细胞瘤是颅内少见良性肿瘤，手术全切是治疗本病的首选方法，术后放疗对不能全切患者的预后有所改善。     

硬化性胸腺瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨硬化性胸腺瘤的诊治特点。方法：对硬化性胸腺瘤1例进行文献复习。结果：1例罕见硬化性胸腺瘤,术前诊断为前纵隔占位（考虑畸胎瘤）,经胸骨正中切口完整切除并明确诊断。结论：硬化性胸腺瘤属于罕见疾病,易漏诊,术前影像学诊断并无特殊。其病理组织学特点为肿瘤内含上皮细胞和淋巴细胞而表现为经典胸腺瘤的特征,但广泛的透明样变和硬化的纤维胶原包裹肿瘤组织。     

肺出血-肾炎综合征1例报告并文献复习

目的 :探讨肺出血 -肾炎综合征的临床特点。方法 :结合病例复习文献。结果 :该病的发生与流感病毒、接触汽油、松节油甚至吸烟、混凝土粉尘有关。发病机理与肺泡基底膜、肾小球基底膜共同形成抗原抗体复合物有关。发病以青年男性多见 ,临床特征为咯血、贫血、尿检异常及肾功进行性减退。胸片异常者只有 2 0 %左右。治疗包括血浆置换、激素、免疫抑制剂的应用等。结论 :对该病应加强认识 ,早期诊断、早期治疗 ,才能提高生存率。     

Chediak-Higashi综合征1例报告并文献复习

目的:提高对Chediak-Higashi综合征的认识。方法:对1例Chediak-Higashi综合征患儿的临床资料进行分析,并复习国内外相关文献。结果:Chediak-Higashi综合征主要表现为反复感染、眼部及皮肤白化病,加速期患者主要为全血细胞减少、肝脾淋巴结肿大等噬血细胞综合征表现。本病的确诊依靠在外周血涂片、骨髓片中的有核细胞胞浆内找到紫红色、圆形或椭圆形的巨大颗粒。结论:Chediak-Higashi综合征是一种罕见病,预后差,在临床中应加深对该病的认识,以早期诊断。