职业接触铅工人血细胞参数变化的调查

目的　对 5 98名工人的血铅及血细胞参数进行测定 ,以了解职业铅接触对工人造血系统的影响以及血细胞参数的变化。方法　据血铅测定水平将 5 98名职业接触铅工人分为 2组 :铅接触组 (血铅小于 2 .4 1μmol/ /L) 32 5名和铅吸收组 (血铅大于或等于 2 .4 1μmol/L) 2 73名。血铅测定采用石墨炉原子吸收法 ;血细胞参数的测定采用全自动血细胞分析仪进行测定。结果　铅吸收组的血红蛋白 (Hb) [男 :(12 9.3± 12 .3)g/L ,女 :(112 .2± 9.4 )g/L]、红细胞压积 (HCT) [男 :(0 .338± 0 .0 30 )L/L ,女 :(0 .30 2± 0 .0 2 8)L/L]明显低于正常组和铅接触组 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;并且随血铅水平增高 ,Hb和HCT水平降低 ,血铅与Hb和HCT有弱的负相关关系。铅吸收组的红细胞平均分布宽度 (RDW) (男 :16 .6 8%± 0 .80 % ,女 :16 .98%± 0 .98% )明显高于正常组和铅接触组 ,铅接触组的RDW(男 :14 .77%± 0 .83% ,女 :14 .92 %± 1.13% )也明显高于正常组 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;血铅与RDW有弱的正相关关系。结论　用Hb、HCT和RDW 3个指标可以反映铅作业工人是否贫血和贫血程度。     

某蓄电池厂铅作业工人血细胞参数分析

目的 测定1270名铅接触工人的血细胞参数,了解职业铅接触对工人造血系统的影响以及血细胞参数的变化.方法 以1270名职业接触铅工人为接触组、696名非铅接触工人为对照组,将2组的血细胞参数进行比对分析.血细胞参数的测定采用全自动血细胞分析仪进行测定.结果 接触组的红细胞数目、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、红细胞体积分布宽度、血小板数目、平均血小板体积、血小板分布宽度、血小板压积和对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(其中红细胞数目P＜0.05,其余检测项目P＜0.01).接触组贫血25人(1.97%),对照组贫血1人(0.14%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 铅作业工人的多项血细胞参数发生变化,有贫血倾向.     

铅作业工人尿铅、血红蛋白和红细胞检测分析

目的了解铅对作业工人的健康影响,分析尿铅与血红蛋白和红细胞的关系。方法对202名铅作业工人和213名对照人群进行尿铅、血红蛋白和红细胞检测。结果铅作业组的尿铅≥0.34μmol/L的占70.8%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01);铅作业组血红蛋白明显低于同性别对照组(男性P<0.01,女性P<0.05);铅作业组红细胞与同性别对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.01)。多元回归分析表明,血红蛋白与尿铅水平呈负相关。结论长期职业接触铅可引起尿铅含量增高和血红蛋白降低含量,血红蛋白含量与尿铅水平呈负相关。     

正己烷职业接触工人外周血细胞参数分析

目的探讨正己烷职业接触人群全血液细胞指标特征，为该人群的健康监护提供动态观察依据。方法接触组53人，平均工龄3．1年，对照组64人，平均工龄2．2年。用车间空气中正己烷的溶剂解吸气相色谱分析法对环境空气中正己烷浓度进行测定，用气相色谱分析法对各组工人尿液2，5-己二酮浓度进行检测，用全自动血细胞分析仪进行全血细胞指标检测。结果工作场所空气中正己烷时间加权平均浓度（TWA），接触组为（73．2±9．7）mg／m^3，其个体采样尿液2，5-己二酮浓度为（2．11±0．46）mg／L；对照组TWA为（5．90±0．96）mg／m^3，其个体采样尿液2，5-己二酮浓度为（0．32±0．16）mg／L。接触组与对照组工作场所正己烷浓度及其个体尿液2，5-己二酮浓度差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；接触组红细胞计数（RBC）、血小板比容（PCT）、红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）、平均红细胞容积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白量（MCH）指标分别为（4．74±0．22）×10^12/L，（0．16±0．04）L／L，（12．2±0．5）％，（91．6±3．6）fl，（6．1±1．1）pg，与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；接触组尿液2，5-己二酮水平与RBC、RDW呈负相关，与MCV、MCH呈正相关关系。结论正己烷职业接触人群可能存在全血细胞某些指标的改变，其中RBC、RDW、MCV、MCH是值得深入探讨的正己烷职业健康监护动态监测指标。     

铅作业工人职业健康体检结果分析

目的探讨铅作业工人尿铅(Pb)含量与血锌原卟啉(ZPP)、血红蛋白(Hb)的相关性。方法采用原子吸收分光光度计、血细胞分析仪、血锌原卟啉测定仪对136名工人的尿铅、血常规、血锌原卟啉含量进行测定,并对检测结果进行统计学分析处理。结果 87例铅作业工人作为观察组,49例非铅作业工人作为对照组,观察组中尿铅含量、血锌原卟啉含量显著高于对照组,血常规中血红蛋白含量显著低于对照组。尿铅含量与血锌原卟啉之间存在正相关性(r=0.762),尿铅含量与血红蛋白之间存在负相关性(r=-0.570)。结论血红蛋白与血锌原卟啉可作为铅作业工人健康监护早期筛查指标。     

运用血细胞参数监控中学生体能训练效果分析

目的 了解中学生运动员血细胞参数情况,为调整训练计划提供依据.方法 以宜宾市第四中学18名高中二年级学生为对象,9名男生(A组)和9名女生(B组)同时进行训练,检测运动前、运动后20 min和运动后12h血细胞参数.结果 运动前及运动后男生血细胞各项参数均高于女生;男、女生白细胞(WBC)数运动前与运动后变化明显,红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HB)、红细胞压积(HCT)没有明显变化.结论 血细胞参数的变化能够反映出运动的量和强度,对血细胞参数的监控可以及时掌握学生的机能状态.     

铅作业工人血铅、尿铅和血常规检测结果分析

目的比较铅作业工人和非铅作业工人血铅、尿铅和血红蛋白浓度的差异。了解长期低铅作业工人的健康状况。方法对2009年天津市某蓄电池厂400例铅作业工人和120例非铅作业工人分别进行血铅、尿铅和血红蛋白浓度的测定,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果铅作业组血红蛋白浓度低于非铅作业组。而血铅、尿铅浓度均显著高于非铅作业组（P〈0.01）。并且血铅和血红蛋白浓度间呈负相关性（r=-0.442）,尿铅与血铅和血红蛋白间的相关性均不理想（r值分别为-0.026和-0.018）。结论长期低铅作业可导致人体血铅尿铅升高,血红蛋白降低,但尿铅浓度波动大,且影响因素多,不能精确反映体内铅积蓄量,结果与其他指标的相关性较差。     

830例铅接触工人尿铅,尿卟啉检验分析体会

８３０例铅接触工人尿铅、尿卟啉检验分析体会福建省龙岩地区职业病防治院（龙岩市小洋，３６４０００）陈惠娟福建省龙岩龙钢集团公司职工医院陈扬辉我们对８３０例铅接触工人尿铅、尿卟啉进行检测，现将结果报告如下。材料与方法一、样本来源：共收集８３０例接触铅作业...     

铅作业工人FEP检测结果分析

应用检测红细胞游离原卟啉的方法, 对铅作业工人进行铅吸收及铅中毒筛检, 并将该方法与尿铅检测进行了比较。     

672例接触无机铅工人尿铅测定

尿铅作为一种铅职业危害监护指标,有许多优点且运用广泛,也有作者持不同意见,为此,通过672全接触无机铅工人尿铅的测定,进一步阐明尿铅指标在职业危害监护中的作用。一、调查对象与方法1.选择我市从事无机铅作为工人672人为接触组,其中男485人,女187人,年龄范围17—59岁,实际接触铅工龄2个月至43年。在本市居住二年以上,非从事铅接触工     

医用X射线工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核及白细胞总数分析

目的探讨长期接触医用X射线对工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核及白细胞总数影响。方法对1075名从事医用X射线工作人员作外周血淋巴细胞微核及白细胞总数分析。结果其平均微核率及白细胞总数的异常率均高于对照组,与对照组比较有统计学意义;并且随着工龄的增加,微核率和白细胞总数异常率有增加的趋势。结论长期小剂量接触医用X射线对外周血淋巴细胞微核和白细胞总数有一定的影响。     

Neuroendocrine effects of styrene on occupationally exposed workers

The serum levels of prolactin (PRL), human growth hormone (HGH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured in 30 females exposed to about 130 (range 65-300) ppm of styrene in the air and in 30 age-matched referents to show whether styrene exposure influences the dopaminergic tuberoinfundibular system (TIDA). The exposed subjects' serum levels of PRL were more than double the reference values and were significantly related to the urinary excretion of styrene metabolites, ie, to the sum of mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) in the "next-morning" urine spot sample. Such a relationship still proved to be statistically significant after the removal of the effects of age and duration of exposure with the method of partial correlation. The serum concentrations of HGH in the exposed workers were also higher than in the reference group. Though within the reference levels, the TSH values of the exposed subjects were significantly related to the urinary excretion of MA and PGA. These results are consistent with the dose-dependent depletion in tuberoinfundibular dopamine after experimental styrene exposure of rabbits.     

职业接触某些有机溶剂工人心电图变化分析

目的 观察皮革塑料企业职业接触多种有机溶剂的工人心电图变化.方法 以当地5家皮革塑料企业284名接触多种有机溶剂的工人作为观察组,选择未接触有机溶剂危害因素的商场工作人员作为对照组,进行职业健康监护,同时开展现场职业卫生学调查.结果 观察组心电图异常率(74.30%)显著高于对照组(27.25%),观察组心电图异常改变(窦性心律不齐、心动过缓、左室高电压、ST-T波改变)检出率高于对照组;其中配料工或接触工龄较长的工人心电图异常改变检出率均较高.结论 职业接触有机溶剂能导致心电图的异常变化且存在时间-剂量反应关系.     

n-Hexane metabolism in occupationally exposed workers

Lung uptake and excretion of n-hexane were studied in ten workers in a shoe factory. Simultaneous samples of inhaled and alveolar air were collected with the aid of a Rhan-Otis valve, personal samplers, and charcoal tubes. Alveolar excretion was monitored during a six hour postexposure period. Uptake was calculated from lung ventilation, the retention coefficient, and environmental concentrations. The amount of exhaled n-hexane was calculated from the decay curve. According to the experimental data, alveolar retention was about 25% of the inhaled n-hexane, corresponding to a lung uptake of about 17%. The postexposure alveolar excretion was about 10% of the total uptake. The main metabolites of n-hexane were identified and measured by capillary GC/MS in spot urine samples collected before, at the end, and 15 hours after the same working shift. Urinary concentrations were low, though related to n-hexane in the air. 2,5-Hexanedione in the end of shift samples gave the best estimate of overall exposure. About 3 mg/g creatinine of 2,5-hexanedione would correspond to about 50 ppm of n-hexane in the air (mean daily exposure).     

Investigation of the blood pressure levels of workers occupationally exposed to salt.

Publicity surrounding the salt and hypertension debate evoked fear in workers at a Salt Mine that their working conditions may lead to high blood pressure. A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the blood pressure levels of these workers. The blood pressure levels were found not to be raised in comparison with those of a similar group of workers not occupationally exposed to salt.     

Benzene in the blood and breath of normal people and occupationally exposed workers

Benzene was measured in blood and alveolar air of 168 men, aged 20-58 years, subdivided into four groups: blood donors, hospital staff, chemical workers occupationally exposed to benzene, and chemical workers not occupationally exposed to benzene. The group of exposed workers was employed in work places with a mean environmental exposure to benzene of 1.62 mg/M3 (8 hr TWA). Non-exposed workers were employed elsewhere in the same plant, with an environmental exposure to benzene lower than 0.1 mg/M3. Blood and alveolar air samples were collected in the morning, before the start of the work shift for the chemical workers. The group of exposed workers was found to be significantly different from the other three groups, both for blood and alveolar benzene concentrations. The mean blood benzene concentration was 789 ng/l in the exposed workers, 307 ng/l in the non-exposed workers, 332 ng/l in the hospital staff, and 196 ng/l in the blood donors. Apart from the exposed workers, blood benzene concentration was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. The mean alveolar benzene concentration was 92 ng/l in the exposed workers, 42 ng/l in the non-exposed workers, 22 ng/l in the hospital staff, and 11 ng/l in the blood donors. Alveolar benzene concentration was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers in the groups of the hospital staff and non-exposed workers, but not in the blood donors and exposed workers. In the three groups without occupational exposure considered altogether, the alveolar benzene concentration correlated significantly with environmental benzene concentration measured at the moment of the individual examinations, both in the smokers (r = .636; p less than .001) and non-smokers (r = .628; p less than .001). In the same three groups and in the exposed workers, alveolar benzene concentration showed a significant correlation with the blood benzene concentration.     

乙苯对职业人群血中神经递质水平的影响

目的 探讨乙苯对职业人群神经递质水平的影响.方法 选择某石化公司苯乙烯合成原料车间246名乙苯上料工为乙苯接触组,相应的公司办公人员122名作为对照组,通过问卷调查,获取乙苯职业接触的基本信息;高效液相色谱法测定班后尿中乙苯代谢物苯乙醇酸(MA)和苯乙醛酸(PGA)含量,反相高效液相色谱法、荧光分光光度法和5,5-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸)法测定血清中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、多巴胺(DA)水平和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活力,检测血生化指标天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL)和血液学指标.结果 接触组MA、PGA及MA+PGA水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组和接触组血液中各生化指标(AST、ALT、TP、ALB、BUN、Cr、ALP、TBIL)和血液学指标(WBC、RBC、Hb、PLT)的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);接触组血清DA水平[(0.21±0.011)mg/L]和AChE活力[(0.321±0.066)μ/L]均明显低于对照组[分别为(0.25±0.015)mg/L、(0.583±0.125)μ/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组人群血清中GABA水平的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MA和PGA可作为乙苯接触后生物内剂量指标.生化和血液学指标发生明显变化之前,乙苯接触对工人血中神经递质水平有一定的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of occupational ethylbenzene exposure on blood neurotransmitter levels in population. Methods The exposure group consisted of 246 workers occupationally exposed to ethylbenzene and the control group was composed of 122 staffs from the offices. The basic information on ethylbenzene exposure was collected by the questionnaire. The mandelic acid (MA)and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) in the post-working urine were measured using the high performance liquid chromatography. The levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA)and acetylcholinesterase (AchE)activity were detected by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, spectrofluorometry and DTNB method, respectively.The blood biochemical indexes: alanine transarninase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL)were examined. Also the hematologic indexes: red blood cell ( RBC ), white blood cell ( WBC ), hemoglobin ( HGB ) and platelet ( PLT)were determined.Results The levels of MA, PGA and MA+PGA of urine in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences of the biochemical indexes ( AST, ALT, TP,ALB, BUN, Cr, ALP and TBIL), hematologic indexes (WBC, RBC, Hb and PLT)and serum GABA between the exposure group and the control group (P＞0.05). But the serum DA[(0.21 ±0.011 )mg/L] and AChE levels [(0.321±0.066) U/L] in the exposure group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(0.25±0.015 )mg/L,(0.583±0.125)U/L],respectively (P＜0.05). Conclusion MA and PGA in urine can serve as the biomarkers of internal exposure dose. Before the obvious changes of biochemical indexes and hematologic indexes appear, the exposure to ethylbenzene can influence the blood neurotransmitter levels in workers exposed to ethylbenzene.     

Effect of dietary calcium on blood lead concentrations in occupationally exposed and nonexposed workers

Workers exposed to lead may benefit from a calcium-rich diet, since calcium competes with lead for intestinal absorption. We studied the effect of dietary calcium on blood lead levels. We assessed blood lead levels, dietary intake of calcium, smoking and alcohol consumption, and anthropometric and demographic data in 56 workers exposed to lead and 90 workers without such exposure. Mean intake of dietary calcium was 775 ± 370 mg/day in the nonexposed workers and 858 ± 423 mg/day in the exposed workers. Occupational lead exposure explained nearly 90% of the variance in blood lead levels of the entire cohort. Smoking and alcohol intake also showed significant associations with blood lead levels, but their combined effect was less than 2%. When the exposed and nonexposed workers were considered separately, no association was found between blood lead levels and calcium intake. The amount of calcium in the diet does not influence blood lead levels. Further studies are warranted to determine whether dietary calcium influences blood lead levels in exposed and nonexposed workers in other settings and in subjects with lower intakes of calcium. Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:512–516, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.