三地区中学生使用药物/精神活性物质的流行病学调查比较

目的··:比较贵州地区、武汉市及玉溪市中学生 (高二学生 )药物/精神活性物质使用情况。方法·· :统一调查问卷 ,以班级为单位的整群调查方法。调查项目包括8种药物/精神活性物质“一生中经常使用”和“一生中偶尔使用”的情况、初次使用年龄、使用原因及后果。结果·· :收回有效问卷6606份 ,其中贵州地区2649份 ,武汉市2923份 ,玉溪市1034份。在“一生中经常使用”的药物/精神活性物质中,挥发性溶剂和香烟的使用 ,三地区之间两两比较差异有显著性 (P<0.05) ;在“一生中偶尔使用”的药物/精神活性物质中 ,挥发性溶剂、酒、海洛因和非甾体抗炎止痛药的使用 ,三地区之间两两比较差异有显著性 (P<0.05) ;三地区初次使用药物/精神活性物质的平均年龄为 :贵州地区12.4a±s3.9a ,武汉市11.0a±s2.8a ,玉溪市12.9a±s3.3a。三地区之间两两比较无显著性差异 (P>0.05)。结论··:中学生中存在药物/精神活性物质滥用问题 ,使用情况存在地区差异。建议应加强学生的心理健康教育 ,特别是在药物滥用高发区的预防毒品宣传教育和吸烟饮酒有害健康教育 ,加大打击贩卖毒品的力度     

西南地区某省中学生使用药物与精神活性物质的流行病学调查

目的··：采用整群抽样方法对某省九个地、州、市的高二年级学生进行了中学生用药情况调查。方法··：调查内容包括８种药物／精神活性物质“一生”、“最近３０ｄ”的使用情况、用药频率（经常、偶尔）、最初使用年龄、使用原因与后果等。结果··：在２６４９例有效应答者中,一生中“经常”使用最多的物质是烟草（６．３２％）,其它物质依次是非甾体抗炎止痛药（ＮＳＡＩＤｓ,２．９２％）,酒（２．８９％）,挥发性溶剂（０．２８％）,镇静催眠药（０．２４％）和大麻（０．０４％）;“偶尔”使用最多的是酒（６６．０５％）,其它物质依次是：ＮＳＡＩＤｓ（５９．２６％）,烟草（２７．３６％）,镇静催眠药（５．１９％）,海洛因（３．１３％）,挥发性溶剂（２．８１％）,中枢兴奋剂（０．７３％）和大麻（０．３３％）。各种物质的初始使用年龄介于１０．７ａ至１３．４ａ。调查还对学生用药原因、后果进行了分析。结论··：少数中学生对烟草、酒和某些精神药物的使用成瘾;极个别学生有滥用违禁毒品的行为。建议加强中学生药物滥用预防教育。     

云南省4020名中学生药物/物质使用情况的流行病学调查分析

目的:了解云南省中学生药物/物质使用情况,以设计并开展有针对性的预防教育策略和活动。方法:对云南省11所中学的4955名高、初中学生采用自制问卷进行了药物/物质使用状况的匿名调查,调查内容包括“生活规律”、“家庭及朋友关系”、“使用药物/物质的种类、原因和剂量”以及“药物/物质来源”。结果:调查结束后收回有效问卷4020份。一生中曾经使用和最近3个月使用酒的人数最多(占79·68%和35·73%),其次为香烟(占33·06%和10·95%)和苯二氮卓艹类药物(占3·04%和1·64%),使用海洛因等非法毒品的人较少;男中学生使用香烟、酒者显著多于女中学生(P<0·01);最近3个月高中生使用酒和苯二氮艹卓类药物者显著多于初中生(P<0·05);吸烟与饮酒呈显著相关。结论:云南省中学生药物/物质使用情况以饮酒、吸烟为主,非法毒品的使用现象很少。建议加强中学生心理健康和药物滥用预防教育,特别是吸烟预防和同伴压力应对技能教育。     

358例药物滥用人员对药物滥用及相关问题的态度和知识调查

目的··:了解药物滥用者对药物 (包括香烟、酒 )滥用及相关问题的态度和知识。方法··:自拟《药物滥用情况调查表》对西安、贵阳、武汉三地的戒毒机构收治的药物滥用者进行问卷调查 ,调查数据采用EPIINFO软件进行录入、处理。结果··:共收回有效问卷358份 ,其中男性199例 ,女性144例 (15例性别缺项 ) ,平均年龄为27.8a±s5.1a,滥用药物主要为海洛因 ,占92.3 % (310/336) ,药物滥用时间为4.7a±s2.8a。分别有67.8 %、58.9%的被调查者认为“即使对香烟上瘾也没关系”、“家庭(或朋友)聚会时必须有酒” ,19.8%的被调查者反对“偶尔尝试毒品可能上瘾”。药物滥用者对知识题的应答正确率介于5.3 % -95.9 %之间。香烟、酒精、毒品和艾滋病知识题各题平均得分分别为0.485±s0.225、0.451±s0.236、0.703±s0.218和0.238±s0.202 (F=221.1 ,P<0.05) ,除酒精知识外 ,其他三方面知识得分无性别差异。除香烟知识外 ,其他三方面知识得分存在地区差异 ,贵州高于西安、武汉。结论··:本次调查的药物滥用者对烟、酒缺乏正确的认识 ,对吸烟、饮酒、吸毒和HIV等方面的基本知识贫乏 ,有必要在戒毒中对吸毒者进行香烟、酒精、毒品和艾滋病等方面相关知识教育。     

通络止痛中药熏洗联合非甾体类抗炎止痛药对胫骨平台骨折术后患者生活质量的影响研究

目的:研究通络止痛中药熏洗联合非甾体类抗炎止痛药对胫骨平台骨折术后患者生活质量的影响.方法:将两组膝关节活动度、膝关节关节功能评分以及患者生活质量进行统计学分析并对比.结果:对照组治疗优良率为70.59%,实验组为89.47%.经分析,差异有统计学意义(X2=11.15,P<0.01).对照组膝关节关节功能评分为(61.8±2.4)分,实验组为(79.9±2.3)分.经分析,差异有统计学意义(t=23.09,P<0.01).对照组治疗满意度为58.82%,实验组为78.95%.经分析,差异有统计学意义(X2=9.45,P<0.01).结论:在常规非甾体类抗炎止痛药治疗的基础上进行通络止痛中药熏洗联合治疗,能有效提高关节活动度以及关节功能,从而提高患者满意度,在临床上值得推广.     

云南玉溪地区中学生使用药物与精神活性物质的流行病学调查

目的：了解目前云南玉溪地区青少年中药物与精神活性物质的使用情况。方法：采用以班级为单位整群抽样的方法,调查该地区高二年级学生使用精神活性物质的情况。调查内容包括１３种药物／精神活性物质“一生”、“过去３０ｄ”的使用频率（经常、偶尔、未用过）、初次使用年龄与使用原因。结果：在１０３４例有效应答者中,一生中“经常”使用最多的物质是烟草（１５．９４％）,“偶尔”使用最多的是酒精（６１．６２％）。挥发性溶     

药物相互作用

十三、解热一镇痛一非甾体抗炎药处 理非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)的共同相互作用·抗凝药(华法林,肝索、溶栓药):多数NSAID均有抗血小板作用,可加重出血倾向。·糖皮质激素I增强抗炎效果,但对消化道粘膜的损害加重。·乙醇:加强胃粘膜损害。·尿碱化药、抗酸药(长期服用):本类药物多数为有机酸类,尿碱化可使NSAID的排泄增 加。·尿酸化药:NSAID排泄减少。·呋塞米:NSAID抑制肾脏的前列腺素合成,减弱排钠和抗高血压作用。·对乙酰氨基酚z长期应用可显示肾毒剐作用增强。·锂盐;减少锂排泄,血药浓度和毒性均增加。·齐多夫定:排泄减少,毒…     

挥发性溶剂滥用问题

<正> 通过肺部吸进某种气体或挥发性液体以改善心境,在史前人们就知道了。那时使用的主要是天然物质。随着社会的发展,越来越多的这类物质被挖掘合成,走进人们的日常生活中,从某种意义上讲,为其滥用打开了方便之门。近代最初人们用挥发性溶剂滥用(solvent abuse)来称谓这一现象。据Watson(1986)讲,这一称谓出自警方人员之口,因为他们处理的第一例这种案子涉及到的是滥用工业用挥发性溶剂者。但是研究者发现     

海洛因依赖者多药滥用的调查分析

目的·· :了解海洛因依赖者多药滥用情况,引起有关部门注意。方法·· :对480例入院戒毒病人在采集病史时采用自行设计的《海洛因依赖者多药滥用调查表》进行调查。结果·· :有277例海洛因依赖者合并多药滥用 (占57.71 % ),其中合并滥用1种、2种、3种、4种、5种药物的分别占45.13 %、39.71 %、10.47 %、4.33%、0.36 %。同时滥用的药物有三唑仑 (65.34 % )、地西泮 (56.68 % )、“摇头丸”(18.77 % )、氯胺酮 (16.25 % )、曲马朵 (10.11 % )等。随着吸毒时间的延长,合并滥用的药物种类也增加。多药滥用的原因有帮助睡眠、减轻病痛、追求更大刺激、延长毒品的作用时间、毒资紧缺、毒品来源紧张、好奇、他人引诱、药品易得等。药物来源主要为药店、私人诊所、酒吧、舞厅、黑市等。结论··:吸毒人群多药滥用普遍,其危害极为严重,应引起有关部门注意     

“摇头丸”滥用者与海洛因滥用者个性特征比较

目的·· :了解“摇头丸”滥用者与海洛因滥用者的个性特征差异。方法·· :对各24例“摇头丸”滥用者与海洛因滥用者进行艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)调查,并与正常人组进行对照比较。结果·· :“摇头丸”滥用组P分低于海洛因滥用组及正常对照组 (P<0.01),但海洛因滥用组与正常对照组差异无显著性 ;“摇头丸”滥用组与海洛因滥用组E分均高于正常对照组 (P<0.01),两组之间E分差异无显著性。结论·· :“摇头丸”滥用者与海洛因滥用者个性特征无明显差异,但与正常组比较 ,两组均有显著的外向倾向。     

杭州市中小学生精神活性物质使用情况调查

目的:了解杭州市中小学生精神活性物质使用情况,为预防控制该类行为的发生提供依据。方法:采用随机整体抽样法对杭州市2255名中小学生进行调查。结果:共收回有效问卷2145份,有效率为95.1%;被调查对象中尝试过吸烟的比例为13.9%,尝试过饮酒者58.8%;4.7%的学生在13a前就尝试过吸烟,47.6%的学生初次饮酒年龄小于13a;33人使用过镇静催眠药(1.5%),23人使用过苯丙胺类中枢兴奋药或挥发性溶剂和毒品(1.1%),6人尝试过两种或两种以上的药物。结论:中小学生中存在滥用精神活性物质行为,应该引起全社会的重视,建议根据不同年龄及性别特点进行有针对性的干预。     

Moscow Students' Drug Use: school survey results

Context: A cross-sectional school survey on drug use and related attitudes among students to ascertain the prevalence of substance use, and to serve as a baseline from which to develop prevention and education materials for primary school. Objectives: The main purpose of the study was to make recommendations for a drug prevention and education curriculum for primary school. The objectives of the study were to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to substance use and abuse among school children. Setting: Five public schools of the Northern District of Moscow, Russia. Participants: 1099 school students 10-15 years old. Results: Alcohol is the drug of choice among Moscow's students. Extensive experience with alcohol is normal behaviour for many. Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent as well. The use of illicit drugs among students is not at all high in comparison with alcohol use or tobacco smoking. Conclusions: The school survey data suggest that the development of a school-based substance abuse prevention and education programme should be based mainly on promotion of healthy lifestyles.     

Moscow Students’ Drug Use: school survey results

Context: A cross-sectional school survey on drug use and related attitudes among students to ascertain the prevalence of substance use, and to serve as a baseline from which to develop prevention and education materials for primary school. Objectives: The main purpose of the study was to make recommendations for a drug prevention and education curriculum for primary school. The objectives of the study were to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to substance use and abuse among school children. Setting: Five public schools of the Northern District of Moscow, Russia. Participants: 1099 school students 10-15 years old. Results: Alcohol is the drug of choice among Moscow?s students. Extensive experience with alcohol is normal behaviour for many. Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent as well. The use of illicit drugs among students is not at all high in comparison with alcohol use or tobacco smoking. Conclusions: The school survey data suggest that the development of a school-based substance abuse prevention and education programme should be based mainly on promotion of healthy lifestyles.     

Substance Use and Parent Characteristics Among High School Students: Edirne Sample in Turkey

ABSTRACT

The current study on substance use and family characteristics of adolescents is a part of the extensive research on substance use characteristics among high school students in Edirne, Turkey. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 8,483 high school students within the 2010–2011 academic year. Self-administered questionnaires were completed anonymously by the participants. The lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 24.6% and tobacco use was 21.4%. The most commonly used illicit substance was cannabis (1%), followed by inhalants (0.5%) and ecstasy (0.4%). The use of alcohol, tobacco, and nearly all the illegal substances was significantly higher among males compared to females. The rates of lifetime substance use varied by family-related factors such as family structure, perceived parental attitudes and intrafamilial relationships, parental socioeconomic status, and parental substance use. The limitations and implications of these findings are discussed.     

Evolutional pattern of drug use by medical students

Recent use of psychoactive substances among 456 medical students throughout the six grades was surveyed by way of a self-report questionnaire using World Health Organisation criteria. Among male medical students, the most frequently used substances were alcohol (80.5%), cannabis (25.3%), solvents (25.2%), and tobacco (25.2%), whereas among female students the most frequently used drugs were alcohol (72.6%), tobacco (14.6%), solvents (10.5%), and tranquillizers (7.5%). Switch from illegal to legal drugs were observed only among female medical students. Male students tend to alternate cannabis and solvents throughout college years. Interventions aiming to influence patterns of drug consumption among medical students must consider both gender differences and evolutional patterns of substance use throughout medical course.     

Substance use among night high school students in Japan]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use, alcohol drinking, and illicit drug use among night high school students in Japan. METHOD: 247 students (180 boys and 67 girls) from 3 night high schools were asked to complete self-administered anonymous questionnaires in classrooms. The average age of the participants was 18.7 years. RESULTS: Overall, 76.0% of the participants reported lifetime alcohol use, and 44.0% reported drinking alcohol during the past 30 days. Of the former, 24.6% reported experiencing alcohol-induced blackouts and 18.9% reported drinking alcohol without adult supervision at the age of 13 years or younger. 58.3% of the participants reported experimenting with smoking cigarettes, 42.3% reported having smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days, and 34.8% reported smoking cigarettes daily. 43.0% of the participants who had experienced smoking cigarettes had started smoking at the age of 13 years or younger. The lifetime prevalence of any illicit drugs was 9.8% for boys and 5.2% for girls; overall, it was 8.6%. The most commonly used illicit drugs were marijuana (6.4%), inhalants (6.4%), butane gas (4.5%), and nitrites (3.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the results showed that there were no significant differences in alcohol drinking experience between night high school and general high school students, problematic drinking behavior was observed. In the case of cigarette smoking, night high school students outnumber general high school students. In previous studies in Japan, the former population showed the highest prevalence of illicit drug use. These findings provide evidence that substance use represents a problem among night high school students. Based on this evidence, health education in night high schools should include not only zero tolerance for or abstinence from substance use but also secondary and tertiary prevention approaches.     

浙江省高中学生精神活性物质使用情况调查

目的:了解浙江省高中生精神活性物质使用情况,为预防控制精神活性物质滥用行为提供依据。方法:采用随机整体抽样法对浙江省3472名高中生进行调查。结果:共回收有效问卷3215份,24.0%的调查对象尝试过吸烟,68.9%尝试过饮酒,1.4%使用过镇静催眠药(46人),0.9%使用过苯丙胺类中枢兴奋剂或挥发性溶剂或毒品(29人)。家庭因素、教育方式、学生成绩、睡眠情况以及上网时间等均对学生吸烟饮酒的比例有很大影响。结论:高中学生中普遍存在精神活性物质滥用行为,应引起家庭、学校和社会的高度重视,采取有针对性的干预措施,以控制该类行为的蔓延。