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1.
RATIONALE: Though reboxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, causes autonomic and cognitive adverse events there is a paucity of appropriately designed studies on the cognitive and autonomic effects of the drug in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of reboxetine on cognitive and autonomic functions with those of placebo in healthy humans. METHOD: A randomised, double-blind, crossover study of 12 healthy male volunteers aged 25 (21-27; median, range) years. Subjects orally received 4 mg reboxetine and placebo twice daily for periods of 14 days each with at least 14 days in between. Vasoconstrictory response of cutaneous vessels (VR) and skin conductance response (SCR) following sudden deep breath were employed as parameters for autonomic function. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) and psychometric tests served as parameters for cognitive function. RESULTS: Reboxetine decreased SCR and prolonged the dilation phase of VR (P<0.05). It did not affect cognitive functions such as flicker fusion frequency, choice reaction, memory and psychomotor coordination but increased slow beta (beta1) power density in the qEEG. Tiredness (n=12), dry mouth (n=9), delayed urination (n=3) and constipation (n=1) were noted with reboxetine. CONCLUSION: Sustained peripheral and/or central sympathetic activation accounts for the prolongation of VR. The decrease of SCR and typical side effects suggest a relevant antimuscarinic drug action. Chronic administration of reboxetine at therapeutic doses causes autonomic dysfunction and subjective sedation but does not impair cognitive and psychomotor abilities in healthy humans.  相似文献   

2.
The pharmacokinetic characteristics of reboxetine, a unique selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (selective NRI) for the treatment of depression, were studied in 12 healthy, elderly volunteers (mean age 81 years +/- 9 years). All subjects received a single 4-mg dose of reboxetine, and plasma reboxetine concentrations were measured by HPLC. Reboxetine was well tolerated by all subjects. Exposure to reboxetine was higher in this group of very elderly subjects, compared with data obtained in a similar study of young, healthy volunteers. Cmax in the elderly was 271 +/- 86 ng/ml, compared with 111 +/- 28 ng/ml in the young subjects after a single 4-mg dose, although in both groups Cmax was observed after 2 h. The AUC infinity was nearly four times that in the younger subjects (8345 +/- 3107 ng.h/ml vs. 2106 +/- 881 ng.h/ml) and the t1/2 was twice as long (24 +/- 6 h vs. 12 +/- 3 h). Renal clearance was also reduced. Reboxetine 8-10 mg/day has been effective and well tolerated in clinical trials in non-elderly depressed patients. The increased exposure to reboxetine observed in our very elderly subjects supports a reduction of the starting dose to 4 mg/day (in two divided doses) in the elderly.  相似文献   

3.
用微生物测定法对环丙沙星3种剂型在62名男性健康志愿者身上进行药物动力学研究。在16名受试者静滴环丙沙星注射液(200mg/100ml)后,0、1、4、12h的血药浓度分别为3.68±0.63、≤1、0.33~0.43及0.1μg/ml,药动学参数T1/2为3.24h,总清除率393.5ml/min,AUC0~246.21h·μg/ml,Vss155.0±34.2L。单次口服环丙沙星100及500mg,体内平均药动学参数Cmax分别为2.31±0.28及2.49±0.24μg/ml,Tmax分别为1.26±0.18及1.47±0.21h,T1/2为2.69±0.48及3.87±0.53h,AUC0~24为12.81±0.85及15.02±2.11h·μg/ml,结果与文献报道相同。此外,对静滴及口服两种给药途径的血药浓度与临床疗效关系以及统计矩法与房室模型在药物动力学研究中的选用进行了讨论。  相似文献   

4.
Single-dose pharmacokinetics of alprazolam was studied in 42 normal male volunteers (14 Caucasians, 14 American-born Asians, and 14 foreign-born Asians), after both oral and parenteral (IV) administration of a small dose (0.5 mg) of the test drug. Asians manifested significantly higher C max, larger AUC, slower CL and longer t 1/2 under both testing situations. When body surface area was used as a covariate, these cross-ethnic differences remained statistically significant (except C max) after oral but not IV drug administration. There were no differences between the two Asian groups in any of these parameters examined in this study. These results confirmed previous observations of ethnic differences in the pharmacokinetic response between Asians and Caucasians and suggested that smaller doses of alprazolam may be required for Asians for similar clinical effects as compared to their Caucasian counterparts.  相似文献   

5.
国产氟罗沙星健康志愿者药物动力学研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
研究了7名健康志愿者口服单剂国产氟罗沙星400mg后的药物动力学特征。用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定血清和尿中药物浓度。该药在体内转运过程以二室模型拟合为优,其显著特点是消除半衰期长(11.27h)、血药峰浓度高(4.59μg/ml)、表观分布容积大(0.87L/kg)、血药时曲线下面积和系统清除率分别为67.78μgh/ml和102.1ml/min。尿药浓度在服药后2~4h达到高峰为298±115μg/ml,48~60h仍可达14.3±8.4μg/ml。服药后24、60h,尿药排泄率分别为52.6%和67.6%。结果表明:口服单剂国产氟罗沙星400mg后血和尿中可迅速达到有效抗菌浓度且维持时间长  相似文献   

6.
Objective/methods: The pharmacokinetics of the plasma substitute oxypolygelatine (OPG) were studied in 12 healthy volunteers after single-dose administration of 27 ml · kg−1 body weight, with a maximum of 2000 ml. OPG was determined in plasma and urine over 48 h after the infusion. Peak plasma OPG concentrations at the end of the infusion were determined to 4.600 (623) μg · ml−1, the area under the plasma concentration/time curve (AUC0∞) was calculated to 70.135 (15.861) μg · h · ml−1. Results: The model-independently calculated volume of distribution came to 23.1 (4.8) l with a clearance total is (Cltot) of 24.6 (6.8) ml · min−1. The initial half-life according to a three-compartment model came to 0.3 (0.2) h, followed by a distribution half-life of 3.1 (2.6) h and a terminal elimination half-life of 13.4 (2.2) h. Cumulative urinary excretion of OPG was 64% after 48 h. Conclusion: This low recovery rate may be explained by the distribution of OPG into the extravascular space and subsequent degradation in tissue sites. Received: 9 June 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 23 November 1998  相似文献   

7.
目的研究注射用盐酸尼非卡兰在中国健康人体的药代动力学。方法健康志愿者24名(男女各半),按体重配对,随机分组。以奥硝唑为内标,采用HPLC-紫外法测定尼非卡兰0.3mg/kg、0.4mg/kg单次静脉推注和0.4mg/kg静脉推注后以0.4mg·kg-·1h-1速度连续静脉输注6小时给药尼非卡兰时血浓度,采用《DAS2.0》程序计算其主要药代动力学参数。结果24名健康志愿者0.3mg/kg、0.4mg/kg静脉推注及注射用盐酸尼非卡兰0.4mg/kg的负荷剂量后,再给予注射用尼非卡兰0.4mg·g-1·h-1连续静脉输注,血清中尼非卡兰Cmax分别为(230.946±54.023)、(358.615±73.984)和(444.303±88.122)ng/ml;t1/2分别为(1.545±0.382)、(1.344±0.188)和(1.348±0.227)h;AUC0-t分别为(193.526±45.194)、(285.608±46.569)和(2609.02±498.200)ng·h·ml-1。结论HPLC法测定尼非卡兰血浓度血浆中内源性物质不干扰测定,方法简单,操作方便;尼非卡兰静脉注射给药人体内呈线性药代动力学过程;整个试验过程顺利,静脉推注和静脉输注给药志愿者无不良反应发生。  相似文献   

8.
国产头孢克洛分散片药动学及生物利用度的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用高效液相色谱法对9例健康志愿者交叉服用国产头孢克洛分散片及进口头孢克洛胶囊500mg后,测定4h内不同时间的血药浓度,以对国产和进口头孢克洛制剂进行药动学及生物利用度的研究。结果表明,国产分散片与进口胶囊的药-时曲线符合开放式一室模型,分散片的相对生物利用度为108.4%,分散片与胶囊的峰浓度分别为13.4±3.347与10.99±2.835μg/ml;达峰时间分别为0.5568±0.1454与0.7315±0.1919h;AUC分别为17.70±2.860与16.52±3.726hμg/ml,上述各项药动学参数经配对t检验表明AUC与峰浓度均无统计学差异(P>0.05),但达峰时间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。同时经NDST程序进行配对交叉设计的生物等效性检验,国产分散片与进口胶囊具有相同的生物药效性。  相似文献   

9.
目的 研究中国健康志愿者单剂量口服瑞舒伐他汀钙片注射液的药代动力学.方法 44名健康志愿者单剂量口服瑞舒伐他汀钙片20 mg;用LC/MS/MS测定给药后不同时间点的血药浓度,用DAS 2.1.1软件计算药代动力学参数.结果 单剂量口服瑞舒伐他汀钙片20 mg后,瑞舒伐他汀t1/2=(11.39±5.06)h;tmax=(3.06±1.60)h;Cmax=(18.80±10.30)ng/mL;AUC0-t=(166.28±84.85)ng · h/mL.结论 本法专属性强、灵敏度高、操作简便,适用于瑞舒伐他汀的药代动力学研究.  相似文献   

10.
目的:研究在中国健康志愿者中单次及多次口服阿维莫泮胶囊后阿维莫泮及其代谢产物ADL08—0011的药动学特征。方法:共入组24例受试者,其中12例受试者参加6、12、18mg3个剂量组单次给药药动学研究,采用随机开放、3×3拉丁方试验设计;在完成3个周期的单次试验后,继续进行连续多次给药药动学试验,给药方法为每天给药2次,每次给药12mg,共给药6d。另外12例受试者参加24mg剂量单次给药药动学研究。采用LC—MS/MS法测定人血浆中阿维莫泮及代谢产物ADL08—00Il浓度,应用Win—Nonlin6.1软件计算药动学参数。结果:阿维莫泮在0.192~75肛g/L范围线性良好,特异性、精密度、准确度及回收率都符合生物样本测试要求。6、12、18、24mg单次给药的主要药动学参数如下:Cmax(8.79±6.10)、(18.30±9.92)、(31.48±13.68)、(32.91±17.95)/ug/L;tmax(1.4±0.6)、(1.8±0.6)、(1.8±0.6)、(2.1±0.6)h;AUClast(33.2±23.0)、(60.3±28.9)、(94.1±42.2)、(112.0±57.5)ug·h·L-1t1/2(8.4±4.9)、(8.4±5.3)、(7.9±4.8)、(10.0±4.3)h(218.1±111.8)、(234.7±135.7)、(295.3)、(256.9±132.5)L/h。多次给药CL/F7.6±12mgbid)的主要药动学参数如下:Cmax(16.57±10.15)ug/L,tmax(1.6±1.0)h,AUCl。。。(64.4±32.0)ug·h·L-1,t1/2(12.0±3.3)h,CL/F(258.4±109.4)L/h。结论:该方法准确灵敏,适用于阿维莫泮的药动学研究。阿维莫泮在6~18mg剂量范围内的单次给药以及12mgbid的多次给药人体药动学特征都符合线性动力学过程,而24mg剂量单次给药则吸收过程出现非线性动力晕过程.  相似文献   

11.
盐酸伊伐布雷定片人体药动学研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的: 研究盐酸伊伐布雷定片在中国健康志愿者中的单次及连续多次给药药动学特征。方法:12例受试者采用随机开放二重3×3拉丁方试验设计,研究单次及连续多次给药药动学特征;采用LC-MS/MS法测定血浆中伊伐布雷定及其活性代谢产物S-18982的药物浓度。药动学参数采用WinNonlin软件计算。结果:单次(5 mg、10 mg、15 mg)给药后伊伐布雷定的主要药动学参数:Cmax分别为(19.48 ± 9.50),(46.55 ± 24.06),(78.75 ± 41.47)ug/L; Tmax分别为(0.7 ± 0.5),(0.6 ± 0.3),(0.5 ± 0.1) h; AUClast分别为(57.88 ± 31.58), (138.11 ± 82.86), (188.53 ± 115.08) ug/L; AUCinf分别为(59.14 ± 31.73), (139.96 ± 83.89), (190.54 ± 115.66) ug/L;其活性代谢产物S-18982的主要药动学参数: Cmax分别为(3.11 ± 1.16),(7.86 ± 2.78),(14.97 ± 5.35)ug/L; Tmax分别为(1.1 ± 0.8),(0.8 ± 0.4),(0.6 ± 0.1)h; AUClast分别为(16.89 ± 8.23), (46.93 ± 19.26), (75.87 ± 28.57) ug/L; AUCinf分别为(19.60 ± 8.14), (52.12 ± 20.63), (84.54 ± 30.15) ug/L。连续多次给药5 mg后伊伐布雷定的主要药动学参数:Cmax(20.07 ± 7.42) ug/L;Tmax(1.0 ± 0.7)h; AUClast ( 67.40 ± 32.29) ug/L; AUCinf (68.67 ± 32.59) ug/L;其活性代谢产物S-18982的主要药动学参数:Cmax(4.53 ± 1.27 )ug/L;Tmax(1.1 ± 0.8)h; AUClast (33.77 ± 11.44) ug/L; AUCinf (38.74 ± 13.34) ug/L。结论:单次5~15 mg给药后,伊伐布雷定的体内过程符合一级线性动力学过程,代谢产物S-18982的体内过程呈非线性;连续多次5 mg给药后,母药和代谢产物的血药浓度第5天可达稳态,母药在体内无蓄积,代谢产物存在蓄积现象。  相似文献   

12.
目的:建立人血浆中瑞波西汀的高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法,用于研究瑞波西汀的人体药动学及相对生物利用度。方法:血浆经叔丁基甲醚提取,采用高效液相色谱-质谱法,电喷雾电离源选择性正离子峰检测。测定20名健康男性志愿者单剂量口服瑞波西汀实验制剂或参比制剂的体内经时过程,由血药浓度数据获得各自的药动学参数,以双单侧t检验进行生物等效性判定。结果:在2.0~280.0μg.L~(-1)范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9999,平均回收率为93.2%~102.4%,日内RSD≤6.6%,日间RSD≤6.3%。单次服用8mg瑞波西汀实验制剂或参比制剂后的主要药动学参数AUC_(0~60),c_(max),t_(max),t_(1/2)分别为(2926±s792)和(2937±803)μg·h·L~(-1),(202±41)和(208±47)μg·L~(-1),(1.8±0.7)和(2.1±0.8)h,(15±4)和(15±4)h。相对生物利用度为(100±12)%。结论:该方法灵敏度高,无杂质干扰,结果准确。测得的实验制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数之间无明显差异,为生物等效制剂。  相似文献   

13.
目的观察18名健康志愿者单剂量po两种莫雷西嗪片后血药浓度的经时过程,并评价其生物等效性。方法采用HPLC法测定受试者血浆中莫雷西嗪的浓度,计算其药物动学参数和相对生物利用度,评价两制剂的生物等效性。结果采用3p97计算两制剂的主要药动学参数,Cm ax分别为1.499±0.173、1.537±0.174 mg.L-1;Tm ax分别为1.417±0.192、1.333±0.243 h;t1/2分别为2.671±0.677、2.653±0.625 h;用梯形法计算,AUC0→t分别为6.081±0.995、6.130±0.918 mg.h.L-1;AUC0→∞分别为6.991±1.947、7.210±1.604 mg.h.L-1。结论两种莫雷西嗪片剂具有生物等效性。  相似文献   

14.
目的研究健康志愿者单次口服3个剂量法罗培南钠片的药代动力学。方法 12名健康志愿者,男女各半,随机分为3组,分别口服150、300和600 mg法罗培南钠片后,采用HPLC法测定血浆和尿液中法罗培南的浓度,应用DAS软件计算其药代动力学参数。结果单次口服3个剂量组(150、300和600 mg)法罗培南钠片,血浆中法罗培南的主要药代动力学参数:AUC0~t分别为(3.73±2.77)、(6.72±4.12)和(13.1±8.04)μg.h/mL;Cmax分别为(1.89±0.93)、(3.19±1.14)和(6.95±3.37)μg/mL;Tmax分别为(0.97±0.54)、(0.83±0.38)和(0.93±0.45)h;t1/2分别为(0.92±0.26)、(0.94±0.14)和(0.98±0.15)h。累积尿药排泄率分别为(6.23±7.09)%、(4.69±4.32)%和(4.14±2.95)%。结论健康人口服150~600 mg法罗培南钠片后,法罗培南在体内符合线性药代动力学特征。  相似文献   

15.
目的:研究小剂量(0.05 mg和0.1mg)的盐酸纳美芬注射液在中国健康受试者体内的药代动力学。方法:采用双周期两剂量自身随机交叉的试验设计。12名健康受试者随机单次静脉注射盐酸纳美芬0.05 mg和0.1 mg,采用LC-MS/MS测定血浆中的药物浓度,以DAS 2.0软件计算其药动学参数。结果:健康受试者单次静注不同剂量0.05 mg和0.1mg盐酸纳美芬后,纳美芬的主要药代动力学参数Cmax分别为(203±99)和(488±350)ng/L;AUC0-8分别为(177±94)和(480±194)ng.L-1.h;AUC0-∞分别为(282±134)和(649±247)ng.L-1.h;Tmax分别为(0.08±0.07)和(0.12±0.14)h;t1/2分别为(2.0±1.1)和(2.8±1.2)h。结论:注射用的盐酸纳美芬在健康人体内的药代动力学符合二房室模型特征,在静注0.05~0.1 mg的范围内体内过程符合线性动力学特征。  相似文献   

16.
硝苯地平缓释片人体药代动力学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的建立HPLC-MS法硝苯地平血浓度测定方法,评价硝苯地平缓释片的药动学特点。方法固定相XB-C18(5μm,150mm×4.6mm,Agilent1100SeriesLC/MSD高效液相色谱/质谱仪;流动相甲醇:0.01mol·L^–1醋酸铵溶液(60:40,V/V),0.40μm微孔滤膜过滤,在线脱气;流速1.0mL·min^–1;柱温25℃;进样量10L。离子源:AP-ESI,正离子模式,雾化电压50psi,保护气13.0L·min^–1 N2,毛细管电压4000V,碎片电压为110V。SIM离子采集方式,采集离子(m/z)硝苯地平314.9[M+H]^+,内标劳拉西泮320.8[M+H]^+。结果硝苯地平线性范围0.3~80ng·mL^–1,最低检出浓度为0.3ng·mL^–1。硝苯地平试验制剂和参比制剂t1/2分别为6.73±2.00h和7.04±2.18h,Tmax分别为4.28±0.70h和4.48±0.70h,Cmax分别为39.66±10.58ng·mL^–1和40.19±10.97ng·mL^–1,AUC0~36分别为391.63±108.55ng·mL^–1·h和387.57±121.51ng·mL^–1·h,AUC0–∞分别为408.28±121.16ng·mL^–1·h和406.15±133.13ng·mL^–1·h,试验制剂硝苯地平缓释片相对生物利用度F为103.02±13.93%。结论HPLC-MS法测定硝苯地平血浓度实用、可行,适用于常规硝苯地平药代动力学研究。  相似文献   

17.
The percutaneous absorption of oxatomide gel at 5 per cent concentration was studied after single and repeated administration (85 mg b.i.d.) in six male and six female healthy volunteers, aged 25.7 +/- 0.8 years (mean +/- SEM) weighing 64.4 +/- 4.5 kg and the results compared with those obtained following a single oral dose (30 mg). The measurement of oxatomide was by means of a new sensitive and specific HPLC assay with limits of detection of 0.2 ng ml-1 in plasma and 1.0 ng ml-1 in urine. Poor percutaneous absorption was confirmed by the peak plasma concentrations which were 5.03 +/- 0.79 ng ml-1 following application of the gel for 7 days and 10.08 +/- 1.29 ng ml-1 following oral administration; the corresponding amounts of unchanged oxatomide recovered from 24 h urine collections were 1.42 +/- 0.39 micrograms and 3.93 +/- 0.92 micrograms.  相似文献   

18.
目的 研究单剂量口服氢溴酸加兰他敏胶囊后加兰他敏在健康人体内的药物动力学.方法 24 名健康受试者口服7.8 mg氢溴酸加兰他敏胶囊后,采用LC-MS法测定药后血浆中不同时间的加兰他敏浓度,计算主要药物动力学参数.结果 药动学参数tmax、Cmax、t1/2、AUC0-t、AUC0-∞分别为0.76±0.28 h,55.4±13.2 ng·ml-1、7.1±2.0 h、434.8±106.2 ng·h·ml-1、457.8±109.5 ng·h·ml-1.结论 加兰他敏口服吸收较快,耐受性与安全性均良好.  相似文献   

19.
目的:建立液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS-MS)测定人血浆中法罗培南浓度,研究法罗培南钠颗粒在健康中国志愿者体内的药动学行为。方法:选取10名健康志愿者(男女各半)口服100mg的法罗培南钠颗粒,进行单次给药及多次给药达稳态后的药动学研究,采集静脉血样,血浆样品用三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白后用液相色谱串联三级四极杆质谱检测原形药物浓度。结果:法罗培南在5.02~6528ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,最低检测限为2ng/mL(S/N≈3),平均回收率〉90%,批间批内RSD均小于10%。计算得到单次口服100mg法罗培南钠颗粒的主要药动学参数:Cmax为(2322±1345)ng/mL,tmax为(0.78±0.32)h,t1/2为(0.98±0.34)h,MRT为(1.8±0.4)h,AUC0-8为(3953±1906)ng·mL^-1.h,AUC0-∞为(3980±936)ng·mL^-1.h。连续多次口服法罗培南钠颗粒达稳态后,测得法罗培南钠的主要药代动力学参数:Cssmax为(2870±1178)ng/mL,Cssmin为(72±55)ng/mL,Cssav为(658±439)ng/mL,tmax为(0.80±0.20)h,t1/2为(0.91±0.16)h,AUCss为(5263±3513)ng·mL^-1.h。结论:LC-MS-MS法操作简便快速,灵敏度高,结果准确,适合人血浆中法罗培南的浓度测定;多次给药达稳态时主要药动学参数与单次给药基本一致,统计分析差异无统计学意义,表明法罗培南钠在体内基本无积蓄。  相似文献   

20.
瑞波西汀在中国男性健康志愿者体内的药动学研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的:考察瑞波西汀在中国男性健康志愿者体内的药动学特点.方法:14例男性健康志愿者单次口服每片含4 mg(R*,R*)-(±)瑞波西汀的甲磺酸瑞波西汀1片,服药前及服药后0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,6,12,24,36,48,60和72 h采取静脉血5 mL,肝素抗凝.给药后各时间点血浆中瑞波西汀的浓度采用高效液相色谱紫外检测法,以210nm波长测定.采用DAS药动学程序求算药动学参数.结果:单次口服甲磺酸瑞波西汀片后,瑞波西汀的血药浓度-时间曲线符合一室模型,主要药动学参数Cmax为(116.91±25.08)ng·mL-1,Tmax为(1.57±0.62)h,t1/2为(12.91±3.32)h,AUC0~72 h为(2 137.27±1 085.93)ng·h·mL-1,AUC0~∞为(2 145.37±1 087.65)ng·h·mL-1,表观分布容积Vd为(36.00±7.16)L,清除率CL/F为(2.12±0.85)L·h-1.受试者服药后的心率和血压有轻度增加,但无心悸的主诉.出现的其他不良反应有恶心、出汗、头晕、排尿不畅、困倦等.这些不良反应均为轻度,无须治疗,可自行缓解.结论:瑞波西汀在中国男性健康志愿者体内的药动学过程与国外文献报道相当.健康志愿者单次口服瑞波西汀4 mg的不良反应轻,耐受性良好.  相似文献   

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