半固体挤出3D打印卡托普利分剂量片的质量评价

目的 对不同剂量的半固体挤出3D打印卡托普利分剂量片进行质量评价，为临床提供精准剂量的分剂量药品。方法 对3D打印卡托普利分剂量片剂进行外观、硬度、重量差异、含量、含量均匀度、溶出度和稳定性质量评价，并通过差示扫描量热分析(Differential scanning calorimetry, DSC)对比打印片与市售片中药物的特征峰。结果 3D打印卡托普利分剂量片为白色圆柱形网格片，各检测指标均符合2020版《中国药典》要求，DCS图谱中3D打印片和市售片的药物特征峰位置一致。结论 半固体挤出3D打印卡托普利分剂量片可用于临床药品分剂量，实现精准医疗服务。     

马来酸依那普利片稳定性研究

目的 提高马来酸依那普利片的稳定性。方法 将马来酸依那普利原料和碳酸氢钠以1:3的摩尔比溶解在水中,作为粘合剂使用。结果 通过原辅料相容性试验表明,处理后的API与各辅料相容性较好,杂质没有明显变化;通过制剂的加速6个月试验表明：杂质C由0.15%增长至0.61%,杂质D由未检出增长到0.48%;通过长期12个月的数据表明：杂质C由0.15%增长至0.42%,杂质D由未检出增长至0.1%。结论 通过原辅料相容性和稳定性考察结果显示,该工艺有效解决了马来酸依那普利制剂稳定性不好的问题。     

超声波喷雾干燥优化药物制剂特性的研究

目的 选用BÜCHI超声波控制器为主要设备,以疏水性药物HNN为模型药物进行超声波喷雾干燥改善药物的制剂特性,从粉体学性质、晶型以及化学稳定性3个方面比较超声喷雾干燥前后药物的主要性质变化。方法 测定药物粒径分布、密度、休止角等主要的粉体学性质,并以扫描电镜考察其微观形态;采用DSC、IR、XRPD、Raman分析技术对药物晶型进行表征;采用HPLC按照自身对照法计算药物有关物质含量。结果 原料药粒径分布在4.44~1 710 μm,分布宽且不均匀,喷雾干燥后粒径分布在50~300 μm间,分布更窄,更均匀,且呈现正态分布;堆密度由0.054 5 g·cm^-3增加到0.515 4 g·cm^-3,提高到原料药的9.5倍;休止角由57.26°降至37.21°,已经接近粉末直接压片的要求;扫描电镜原料药的微观形态为针状,杂乱无章,而喷雾干燥后为球状圆整颗粒,粒径均一;DSC结果显示喷雾干燥前后熔点没有改变,IR、XRPD、Raman结果表明药物特征峰前后一致,药物晶型无变化;有关物质化学稳定试验结果表明喷雾干燥工艺对药物稳定性没有影响。结论 超声波喷雾干燥的颗粒圆整均一,极大地优化了HNN药物的制剂特性,这种依靠超声波能量雾化的低剪切方式,最大程度的保护了药物的晶型及稳定性,可以作为类似药物处方前研究的一个可选方式进行药物制剂相关特性的优化。     

盐酸头孢替安酯片的研制及质量研究

目的 研究盐酸头孢替安酯片的制备工艺及质量。方法 以药物的崩解时限和溶出度为主要指标,采用原研片参比单因素考察法对盐酸头孢替安酯片的处方工艺进行优化,并对其质量进行研究。结果 实验确定最优处方：以无水枸橼酸、α-环糊精、微晶纤维素、羟丙纤维素、二氧化硅、硬脂酸镁、薄膜包衣预混剂（胃溶型）为辅料,采用干法制粒制备盐酸头孢替安酯片。盐酸头孢替安酯片各项指标符合日本药局方（JPXV）标准。结论 盐酸头孢替安酯片的制备工艺可行,产品质量具有良好的稳定性。     

不同辅料对硝苯地平缓释片光稳定性影响研究

目的 考察硝苯地平缓释片中原料药与辅料的相容性,为更好地设计处方,控制和提高质量提供依据和信息。方法 采用中国药典2015年版二部硝苯地平原料药项下有关物质检查方法,考察有关物质变化,作为不同辅料对硝苯地平缓释片光稳定性的影响指标。结果 在光照条件下,硝苯地平易产生光降解杂质2,且微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁会加速杂质2的产生。结论 在满足相关制剂要求的条件下,建议尽量少加或不加微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁。     

吗啡口服溶液与吗啡片治疗食管癌相关爆发痛的疗效及不良反应比较

目的 比较吗啡口服溶液与吗啡片治疗食管癌相关爆发痛的疗效及不良反应差别。方法 选取2018年1月至2019年6月阜阳市第二人民医院收治的68例晚期食管癌伴癌痛的患者，采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组，每组34例。观察组患者服用吗啡口服溶液，对照组服用吗啡片，观察首次爆发痛处理1 h后缓解率、处理爆发痛所用药物的累计剂量及药物不良反应的差异。结果 观察组患者首次爆发痛处理1 h后缓解率为76.47%，对照组为70.59%，两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组患者处理爆发痛所用药物累计剂量为（23.36±4.63）mg，对照组为（25.27±5.24）mg，两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 吗啡口服溶液治疗食管癌相关爆发痛的疗效和不良反应与吗啡片相当，值得临床推广应用。     

中药处方超《中国药典》规定剂量的问题探讨

目的：与中医药界同仁探讨实际工作中存在的中药处方超《中国药典》规定剂量问题,寻求解决方法,促进中医药事业的健康发展。方法：查阅我院中药处方及文献报道。结果：临床中药处方普遍存在超《中国药典》规定剂量问题。对该问题进行分析总结;对《中国药典》提出建议。结论：中药处方超《中国药典》规定剂量问题应该引起中医药界同仁的关注和重视,开展相关的基础研究工作;希望《中国药典》对这一问题做出更完善、更科学、更规范化的规定。     

二甲双胍亚硝胺杂质研究及亲水凝胶骨架材料的筛选

目的 探讨不同亲水凝胶骨架材料与盐酸二甲双胍(metformin hydrochloride,MET)降解生成N-二甲基亚硝胺(N-dimethylnitrosamine,NDMA)之间的相关性,筛选合适的骨架材料用于制备MET缓释片。方法 以高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱为NDMA监测手段,通过原辅料相容性考察确定产生NDMA风险较低的骨架材料,而后考察溶胀性能,确定溶胀作用与参比制剂相似的骨架材料,将筛选出的骨架材料制备缓释片后考察其体外溶出和剂量倾泻的行为。结果 原辅料相容性考察发现羟丙甲纤维素(hypromellose,HPMC)是引起MET降解产生NDMA的主要原因,并筛选出溶胀作用与HPMC相似的卡波姆,以其为骨架材料制备缓释片可获得与参比制剂相似的溶出曲线,且剂量倾泻风险较低,产品稳定性良好。结论 卡波姆可作为HPMC的替代材料,用于制备MET缓释片。     

老叶茶叶含片制备工艺研究

摘 要 目的： 采用湿法制粒制备茶叶口含片并优化其制备工艺。 方法: 通过单因素试验对各种辅料的用量进行了考察;以口感、崩解时限作为考察指标,采用正交试验设计法优化处方。结果:最佳处方为老叶茶叶提取物30 g、甘露醇60 g、 PEG6000 20 g、阿斯巴甜10 g、柠檬酸10 g、薄荷脑1 g。所制得口含片外观、硬度、崩解时限等指标均符合药典规定。结论: 该茶叶含片的制备工艺合理可行。     

3D打印华法林钠片的质量评价

目的：对不同剂量的3D打印华法林钠片进行质量评价。方法：采用HPLC法进行样品含量及有关物质测定,含量均匀度测定;采用质构仪测定片剂的硬度和崩解时间;采用《中国药典》方法将3D打印华法林钠片溶出时间与传统压片制剂比较;采用《欧洲药典》方法将3D打印分剂量方式与传统分劈分剂量方式进行比较;采用光学显微镜和相机观察3D打印片剂的内部结构和外观。结果：3D打印华法林钠片的各项指标均合格,且溶出时间较传统片剂快,分剂量方式也更准确简便。结论：3D打印技术可作为片剂分剂量的一种重要手段。     

Isothermal Microcalorimetry as a Quality by Design Tool to Determine Optimal Blending Sequences

This study was designed to assess the value of isothermal microcalorimetry (ITMC) as a quality by design (QbD) tool to optimize blending conditions during tablet preparation. Powder mixtures that contain microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and prednisone were prepared as 1:1:1 ratios using different blending sequences. ITMC was used to monitor the thermal activity of the powder mixtures before and after each blending process. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) were performed on all final powder mixtures. Final powder mixtures were used to prepare tablets with 10 mg prednisone content, and dissolution tests were performed on all tablet formulations. Using ITMC, it was observed that the powder mixtures had different thermal activity depending on the blending sequences of the ingredients. All mixtures prepared by mixing prednisone with DCPD in the first stage were associated with relatively fast and significant heat exchange. In contrast, mixing prednisone with MCC in the first step resulted in slower heat exchange. Powder mixture with high thermal activity showed extra DSC peaks, and their dissolution was generally slower compared to the other tablets. Blending is considered as a critical parameter in tablet preparation. This study showed that ITMC is a simple and efficient tool to monitor solid-state reactions between excipients and prednisone depending on blending sequences. ITMC has the potential to be used in QbD approaches to optimize blending parameters for prednisone tablets.     

Floating matrix dosage form for propranolol hydrochloride based on gas formation technique: development and in vitro evaluation

Gastroretentive tablets of propranolol hydrochloride were developed by direct compression method using citric acid and sodium bicarbonate as the effervescent base. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; HPMC K15M was used to prepare the floating tablets to retard the drug release for 12h in stomach. Na-carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) or carbopol 934P was added to alter the drug release profile or the dimensional stability of the formulation. Dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was used as filler. Formulations were evaluated for floating lag time, duration of floating, dimensional stability, drug content and in vitro drug release profile. The formulations were found to have floating lag time less than 1min. It was found that the dimensional stability of the formulations increase with increasing concentration of the swelling agent. The release mechanism of propranolol hydrochloride from floating tablets was evaluated on the basis of Peppas and Higuchi model. The ana value of the formulations ranged from 0.5201 to 0.7367 (0.5相似文献   

Preparation and investigation of novel gastro-floating tablets with 3D extrusion-based printing

Three dimensional (3D) extrusion-based printing is a paste-based rapid prototyping process, which is capable of building complex 3D structures. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of 3D extrusion-based printing as a pharmaceutical manufacture technique for the fabrication of gastro-floating tablets. Novel low-density lattice internal structure gastro-floating tablets of dipyridamole were developed to prolong the gastric residence time in order to improve drug release rate and consequently, improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Excipients commonly employed in the pharmaceutical study could be efficiently applied in the room temperature 3D extrusion-based printing process. The tablets were designed with three kinds of infill percentage and prepared by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E15) as hydrophilic matrices and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC PH101) as extrusion molding agent. In vitro evaluation of the 3D printed gastro-floating tablets was performed by determining mechanical properties, content uniformity, and weight variation. Furthermore, re-floating ability, floating duration time, and drug release behavior were also evaluated. Dissolution profiles revealed the relationship between infill percentage and drug release behavior. The results of this study revealed the potential of 3D extrusion-based printing to fabricate gastro-floating tablets with more than 8 h floating process with traditional pharmaceutical excipients and lattice internal structure design.     

Influence of pharmaceutical excipients on stability of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate in tablets

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the method of excipients addition (intra-granularly or extra-granularly) and type of excipients on the stability of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate (PRM) tablets. Corn starch, pre-gelatinized starch, dibasic calcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose or lactose anhydrous were used as excipients. PRM tablets were prepared by a wet granulation method and stability tests were performed at 40 °C/75 % RH, 60 °C or 80 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of PRM. While PRM raw material was inherently stable, decreased content and increased related substances were detected for PRM tablets. By incorporating pre-gelatinized starch with the drug intra-granularly, the most stable PRM tablet formulation was achieved. The results of XRD, SEM and EDS suggested that PRM was at the surface of granules with an amorphous state. In general, as the amorphous form is more reactive than the crystalline form, compatibility between PRM and the excipient plays an important role for drug stability in the tablet. Therefore, it is essential to select proper excipients to improve stability of PRM tablets prepared using the wet granulation method.     

Pharmacotechnical and analytical preformulation studies for cannabidiol orodispersible tablets

Obtaining orodispersible tablets (ODT) containing substances from the second Biopharmaceutical Class has raised concerns as the dissolution test is challenging. This study aimed to select suitable excipients for developing orodispersible tablets containing cannabidiol (CBD) by direct compression method. No similar studies were found in the literature. Excipients from different classes were characterized using the SeDeM-ODT tool: fillers – lactose (LCT) and microcrystalline cellulose (CelMC), sweeteners – sorbitol (SRB) and mannitol (MNT), disintegrants – sodium starch glycolate (SSG), sodium croscarmellose (CCS), soy polysaccharides (Emcosoy® – EMCS) and two co-processed excipients (Prosolv®-ODT G2 – PODTG2 and Prosolv® EasyTab sp – PETsp). Drug compatibility with excipients in binary mixtures (1:1) was verified by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Using the SeDeM-ODT expert system, the fillers and the co-processed excipients showed good properties regarding compressibility and disintegration behavior. Also, the DSC and FTIR results showed that small or no interactions between the CBD and the excipients took place.     

Characterization of physical mixtures and directly compressed tablets of sulfamerazine polymorphs: implications on in vitro release characteristics

The present study evaluates the effects of excipients, compression pressure, and relative humidity (RH) on the stability of sulfamerazine polymorphs (referred here as SMZ I and SMZ II) and their release from directly compressed tablets using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and dissolution analysis. SMZ I and SMZ II tablets were compressed with magnesium stearate (MGST), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) at 5000, 7500, and 10,000 lbs. pressures and stored at 40, 75, 95, and 100% RH conditions for 5 weeks. There were indications of possible drug-excipient interaction in the binary mixtures under different relative humidity conditions from the DSC data, but they could not be confirmed by PXRD because the crystal structures of the drug and excipients remained unaltered. The crystal structures of the polymorphs in the tablet also remained unaltered under the above conditions. There were, however, significant differences observed in the drug release properties of the two polymorphs. SMZ II was found in general to have a higher rate of drug release than SMZ I. Extensive gelation of MCC under higher moisture conditions, compression pressure during tableting, and inherent tabletability of the sulfamerazine crystals were factors that affected drug release. All these factors contributed towards prolonging the disintegration and deaggregation of the tablet particles and were therefore concluded to be the rate limiting steps for the dissolution process.     

Compatibility studies of nateglinide with excipients in immediate release tablets

Experiments were done to assess the compatibility of nateglinide with selected excipients in the development of immediate release tablets of nateglinide by thermal and isothermal stress testing (IST) techniques. To evaluate the drug-excipient compatibility, different techniques such as differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) study, infra-red (IR) spectrophotometric study and isothermal stress testing were adopted. The results of DSC study showed that magnesium stearate exhibited some interaction with nateglinide. However, the results of IR, and IST studies showed that all the excipients used in the formula were compatible with nateglinide. Optimized formulations developed using the compatible excipients were found to be stable over 3 months of accelerated stability studies (40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% RH). Overall, compatibility of excipients with nateglinide was successfully evaluated using a combination of thermal and IST methods and the formulations developed using the compatible excipients were found to be stable.     

Compatibility study of rosmarinic acid with excipients used in pharmaceutical solid dosage forms using thermal and non-thermal techniques

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound that presents well-documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities, and based on its pharmacological potential and poor bioavailability, several solid dosage forms have been developed to RA delivery. Therefore, in literature, there are no reports about RA compatibility with excipients. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to evaluate, for the first time, the compatibility of RA with excipients commonly used in solid dosage forms at a 1:1 (RA:excipient) ratio using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), and isothermal stress testing (IST) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC). The excipients selected were hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (LAC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), talc (TALC), croscarmellose sodium (CCS), and magnesium stearate (MgSTE). According to DSC results, physical interactions were found between RA and HPMC, LAC, CCS, and MgSTE. The TG analyses confirmed the physical interactions and suggested chemical incompatibility. FTIR revealed physical interaction of RA with TALC and MgSTE and the ssNMR confirmed the physical interaction showed by FTIR and excluded the presence of chemical incompatibility. By IST, the greatest loss of RA content was found to CCS and MgSTE (>15%), demonstrating chemical incompatibilities with RA. High temperatures used in DSC and TG analyses could be responsible for incompatibilities in binary mixtures (BMs) with HPMC and LAC, while temperature above 25 °C and presence of water were factors that promote incompatibilities in BMs with CCS and MgSTE. Overall results demonstrate that RA was compatible with MCC and PVP.     

Compatibility studies between isosorbide mononitrate and selected excipients used in the development of extended release formulations

Techniques of thermal and isothermal stress testing (IST) were used to evaluate the compatibility of isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) with selected excipients used in the development of extended release formulations. In the first phase of the study, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used as a tool to detect any interaction. In the next phase, excipients defined in the prototype formula were tested for their compatibility with IMN using IST. Based on the results, cellulose acetate and MCC were found to show interaction with IMN. Results of IST demonstrated incompatibility between IMN and cellulose acetate. All the excipients defined in the prototype formula were found to be compatible with IMN. Using the excipients that were found to be compatible with IMN, formulations were optimized. The optimized formulation was found to be stable after 3 months of storage at accelerated stability conditions (40 degrees C and 75% RH). In conclusion, tools of DSC, and IST were successfully employed to evaluate the compatibility of IMN with selected excipients.