Cometriq

2012年11月29日,FDA批准了Exelixis公司的cometriq用于治疗已扩散(转移)至身体的其他部位的甲状腺髓样癌[1]。Cometriq为其活性成分cabozantinib(CAS登记号:849217-68-1)的(S)-苹果酸盐。Cometriq的中文化学名称:N-[4-[(6,7-二甲氧基-4-喹啉基)氧基]苯基]-N’-(4-氟苯基)-1,1-环丙烷二甲酰胺-(2S)-2-羟基丁二酸盐;英文化学名称:N-(4-(6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yloxy)     

c-Met小分子抑制剂XL880的合成

目的:合成c-Met小分子抑制剂XL880。方法:以3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙酮为起始原料通过7步反应合成了以c-Met为靶的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂XL880(N-{3-氟-4-{6-甲氧基-7-[3-(4-吗啉)丙氧基]喹啉}-4-氧基-苯基}-N-(4-氟苯基)-2,2-二亚甲基丙二酰胺)。结果:目标产物结构经1H-NMR和ESI-MS确证。结论:合成路线短,生产成本低,且合成方法简单温和,方便于小规模制备的实验室研究。     

(±)-瑞枯灵的合成

4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙胺和3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯乙酸经缩合、O-苄基保护得到2-(3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-N-[2-(4-苄氧基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙基]乙酰胺,在POCl3作用下进行Bischler-Napieralski环合反应后,不经分离纯化直接与氯甲酸甲酯进行N-酰化得到7-苄氧基-1-(3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基苯亚甲基)-6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-羧酸甲酯,再经Pd-C氢化脱苄基和用四氢铝锂还原得到(±)-瑞枯灵,总收率23%.     

阿立哌唑的合成

4-（2，3-二氯苯基）-1-哌嗪盐酸盐与1，4-二溴丁烷缩合得到1-（4-溴丁基）-4-（2，3-二氯苯基）哌嗪，再与3-氯-N-（3-羟基苯基）丙酰胺反应得3-氯-N-[3-[4-[4-（2，3-二氯苯基）]-1-哌嗪基]丁氧基]苯丙酰胺，最后经闭环制得阿立哌唑，总收率25％。     

5-HT_(1A)受体拮抗剂WAY-100635的合成

2-氨基吡啶和2-氯乙酰氯经酰胺化、与N'-(邻甲氧基苯基)哌嗪缩合、氢化铝锂还原得4-(邻甲氧基苯基)-1-[2-[(2-吡啶基)氨基]乙基]哌嗪,再与环己甲酰氯缩合得到5-HT1A受体拮抗剂WAY-100635,总收率35%。     

5-HT1A受体拮抗剂WAY-100635的合成

2-氨基吡啶和2-氯乙酰氯经酰胺化、与N'-(邻甲氧基苯基)哌嗪缩合、氢化铝锂还原得4-(邻甲氧基苯基)-1-[2-[(2-吡啶基)氨基]乙基]哌嗪,再与环己甲酰氯缩合得到5-HT1A受体拮抗剂WAY-100635,总收率35%.     

月桂酰阿立哌唑合成工艺改进

以7-{4-[4-(2,3-二氯苯基)-l-哌嗪基]丁氧基}-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮（2）为起始原料，与甲醛水溶液进行羟基亚甲基化反应合成中间体7-{4-[4-(2,3-二氯苯基)哌嗪-1-基]丁氧基}-1-(羟甲基)-3,4-二氢喹啉-2(1H)-酮（3），然后再与月桂酸进行酯化反应得到（7-{4-[4-(2,3-二氯苯基)-1-哌嗪基]丁氧}-3,4-二氢-2-氧-1(2H)-喹啉基）甲酯（1）。本研究建立的合成路线操作简单，原料易得，总收率约62%，最终化合物1的纯度在99.9%以上，具有工业化生产的前景。     

甲磺酸伊马替尼有关物质的合成

为了控制甲磺酸伊马替尼产品质量,分别合成了质量标准所载的5种有关物质:4-[(哌嗪-1-基)甲基]-N-[4-甲基-3-[ [4- (3-吡啶基)嘧啶-2-基]氨基]苯基]苯甲酰胺(A),4-[(4-甲基-1,4-二氧化哌嗪-1-基)甲基]-N-[4-甲基-3-[ [4- (3-吡啶基)嘧啶-2-基]氨基]苯基]苯甲酰胺(B),4-[(4-甲基-1-氧化哌嗪-1-基)甲基]-N-[4-甲基-3-[ [4- (3-吡啶基)嘧啶-2-基]氨基]苯基]苯甲酰胺(C),4-[ (4-甲基-4-氧化哌嗪-1-基)甲基]-N-[4-甲基-3-[ [4- (3-吡啶基)嘧啶-2-基]氨基]苯基]苯甲酰胺(D)和1,4-双[4-[4-甲基-3-[ [4- (3-吡啶基)嘧啶-2-基]氨基]苯基]氨甲酰基]苄基哌嗪(E),并经1H NMR、MS等确证结构.     

2-[4-[(4-氯苯基)苯甲基]-1-哌嗪基]乙醇的合成

目的制备2-[4-[(4-氯苯基)苯甲基]-1-哌嗪基]乙醇。方法以氯苯和苯甲酰氯为起始原料,经付克反应、还原、氯化,再分别与哌嗪、氯乙醇、氯乙酸钠缩合,得到最终产物。结果合成目标产物的总收率为49.1%,中间体4-氯双苯酮,4-氯双苯甲醇,4-氯双苯氯甲烷,1-[(4-氯苯基)苯甲基]哌嗪为鲁南贝特制药有限公司生产确证。结论通过对合成路线的优化,使生产收率提高,降低成本,工艺更适于工业化的生产。     

Venetoclax合成路线图解

<正>Venetoclax(Venclexta)的化学名称为4-(4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4-双甲基-1-环己烯基]}-1-哌嗪基)-N-({3-硝基-4-[(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-甲基)氨基]苯基}磺酰基)-2-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-5-基)苯甲酰胺,是一种可以口服的选择性B细胞淋巴瘤因子-2(Bcl-2)小分子抑制剂。Bcl-2在细胞凋亡中发挥重要作用,可阻止一些细胞(包括淋巴细胞)的凋亡。Venclexta的作用机制是选择性抑制Bcl-2的功能,通过与Bcl-2蛋白直接结合,恢复细胞的通讯系统,让癌细胞自我毁灭,达     

Structure-based design of novel class II c-Met inhibitors: 2. SAR and kinase selectivity profiles of the pyrazolone series

As part of our effort toward developing an effective therapeutic agent for c-Met-dependent tumors, a pyrazolone-based class II c-Met inhibitor, N-(4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (1), was identified. Knowledge of the binding mode of this molecule in both c-Met and VEGFR-2 proteins led to a novel strategy for designing more selective analogues of 1. Along with detailed SAR information, we demonstrate that the low kinase selectivity associated with class II c-Met inhibitors can be improved significantly. This work resulted in the discovery of potent c-Met inhibitors with improved selectivity profiles over VEGFR-2 and IGF-1R that could serve as useful tools to probe the relationship between kinase selectivity and in vivo efficacy in tumor xenograft models. Compound 59e (AMG 458) was ultimately advanced into preclinical safety studies.     

Inhibition of interleukin-8 release in the human colonic epithelial cell line HT-29 by cannabinoids

We have investigated the effects of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced secretion of interleukin-8 from the colonic epithelial cell line, HT-29. The cannabinoid receptor agonists [(-)-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethyl-heptyl)-phenyl]4-[3-hydroxypropyl]cyclo-hexan-1-ol] (CP55,940); Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; [R(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl) methyl] pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl](1-naphthyl) methanone mesylate] (WIN55,212-2) and 1-propyl-2-methyl-3-naphthoyl-indole (JWH 015) inhibited TNF-alpha induced release of interleukin-8 in a concentration-dependent manner. The less active enantiomer of WIN55212-2, [S(-)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl](1-naphthyl) methanone mesylate (WIN55212-3), and the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonist arachidonoyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA) had no significant effect on TNF-alpha-induced release of interleukin-8. The cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,4-pyrazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (SR141716A; 10(-6) M) antagonised the inhibitory effect of CP55,940 (pA(2)=8.3+/-0.2, n=6) but did not antagonise the inhibitory effects of WIN55212-2 and JWH 015. The cannabinoid CB(2) receptor antagonist N-(1,S)-endo1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo(2,2,1)heptan-2-yl)-5(4-chloro-3-methyl-phenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR144528; 10(-6) M) antagonised the inhibitory effects of CP55,940 (pA(2)=8.2+/-0.8, n=6), WIN55212-2 (pA(2)=7.1+/-0.3, n=6) and JWH 015 (pA(2)=7.6+/-0.3, n=6), respectively. Western immunoblotting of HT-29 cell lysates revealed a protein with a size that is consistent with the presence of cannabinoid CB(2) receptors. We conclude that in HT-29 cells, TNF-alpha-induced interleukin-8 release is inhibited by cannabinoids through activation of cannabinoid CB(2) receptors.     

Labeling and evaluation of N-[11C]methylated quinoline-2-carboxamides as potential radioligands for visualization of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors

The novel quinoline-2-carboxamide derivatives N-[methyl-11C]-3-methyl-4-phenyl-N-(phenylmethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide ([11C]4), (+/-)-N-[methyl-11C]-3-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-4-phenylquinoline-2-carboxamide ([11C]5), and (+/-)-N-[methyl-11C]-3-methyl-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide ([11C]6) were labeled with carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min, beta+ = 99.8%) as potential radioligands for the noninvasive assessment of peripheral benzodiazepine type receptors (PBR) in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET). The radiosynthesis consisted of N-methylation of the desmethyl precursors 3-methyl-4-phenyl-N-(phenylmethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide (4a), (+/-)-3-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-4-phenylquinoline-2-carboxamide (5a), and (+/-)-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide (6a) with either [11C]methyl iodide or [11C]methyl triflate in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in dimethylformamide. The radioligands [11C]4, [11C]5, and [11C]6 were synthesized with over 99% radiochemical purity in 30 min, 30 +/- 5% radiochemical yield, calculated at the end of synthesis (EOS) non-decay-corrected, and 2.5 +/- 1.2 Ci/micromol of specific radioactivity. Inhibition studies in rats following intravenous pre-administration of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (PK 11195, 1) showed high specific binding to PBR of [11C]4, [11C]5, and [11C]6 in heart, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, spleen, and brain. The biological data suggest that [11C]5, [11C]6, and particularly [11C]4 are promising radioligands for PBR imaging in vivo with PET.     

N-(4-(4-(2-Halogenophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl) substituted cinnamoyl amide derivatives as dopamine D2 and D3 receptor ligands

A series of eight substituted N-(4-(4-(2-halogenophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-3-phenylacryl amide derivatives have been synthesized and screened for binding affinities at dopamine hD(2) and hD(3) receptors. All compounds have shown high to remarkable receptor affinities and some have led to distinct selectivity for D(3) receptors. Highest D(3)-receptor affinity has been observed for 3-(4-aminophenyl)-N-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)acryl amide (hD(3) K(i) 0.9 nM; hD(2) K(i) 17.4 nM). Selectivity ratio has been best for 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)acryl amide with a 56-fold preference for hD(3) versus hD(2). A functional activity test has been performed by a mitogenesis test for N-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-3,3-diphenylacryl amide, which, surprisingly, has shown full agonist properties.     

Chemical reactivity of methoxy 4-o-aryl quinolines: identification of glutathione displacement products in vitro and in vivo

AMG 458 {1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-N-[5-(7-methoxyquinolin-4-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide} is a potent, selective inhibitor of c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is often deregulated in cancer. AMG 458 was observed to bind covalently to liver microsomal proteins from rats and humans in the absence of NADPH. When [(14)C]AMG 458 was incubated with liver microsomes in the presence of glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine, thioether adducts were detected by radiochromatography and LC/MS/MS analysis. These adducts were also formed upon incubation of AMG 458 with glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine in buffers at pH 7.4. In vivo, the thioether adducts were detected in bile and urine of bile duct-cannulated rats dosed with [(14)C]AMG 458. The two adducts were isolated, and their structures were determined by MS/MS and NMR analysis. The identified structures resulted from a thiol displacement reaction to yield a quinoline thioether structure and the corresponding hydroxyaryl moiety. The insights gained from elucidating the mechanism of adduct formation led to the design of AMG 458 analogues that exhibited eliminated or reduced glutathione adduct formation in vitro and in vivo.     

Duration of action of a broad range of selective κ-opioid receptor antagonists is positively correlated with c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 activation

The κ-opioid receptor is a widely expressed G-protein-coupled receptor that has been implicated in biological responses to pain, stress, anxiety, and depression, and its potential as a therapeutic target in these syndromes is becoming increasingly apparent. However, the prototypical selective κ-opioid antagonists have very long durations of action that have been attributed to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1 activation in vivo. To test generality of this proposed noncompetitive mechanism, we used C57BL/6 wild type mice to determine the durations of antagonist action of novel κ-opioid receptor ligands and examined their efficacies for JNK1 activation compared with conventional competitive antagonists. Of the 12 compounds tested, 5 had long durations of action that positively correlated with JNK activation: RTI-5989-97 [(3S)-7-hydroxy-N-[(1S)-1-[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-(2-methylpropyl]-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide], RTI-5989-194 [(3R)-7-hydroxy-N-[(1S)-1-[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-(2-methylbutyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide], RTI-5989-241 [(3R)-7-hydroxy-N-[(1S)-1-{[(3R,4R)-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide)], nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI); and (3R)-7-hydroxy-N-((1S)-1-{[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (JDTic). Seven had short durations of action and did not increase phospho-JNK-ir: RTI-5989-212[(3R)-N-[(1S)-1-[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-(2-methylpropyl]-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide], RTI-5989-240 [(3R)-7-hydroxy-N-[(1S)-1-[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl]methyl}-(2-methylpropyl]-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide], JSPA0658 [(S)-3-fluoro-4-(4-((2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)phenoxy)benzamide], JSPA071B [(S)-3-fluoro-4-(4-((2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)phenoxy)benzamide]. PF-4455242 [2-methyl-N-((2'-(pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)propan-1-amine], PF-4455242 [2-methyl-N-((2'-(pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)propan-1-amine], FP3FBZ [(S)-3-fluoro-4-(4-((2-(3-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)phenoxy)benzamide], and naloxone. After long-acting antagonist treatment, pJNK-ir did not increase in mice lacking the κ-opioid receptor; increased pJNK-ir returned to baseline by 48 h after treatment; and a second challenge with nor-BNI 72 h after the first did not increase pJNK-ir. Long-lasting antagonism and increased phospho-JNK-ir were not seen in animals lacking the JNK1 isoform. These results support the hypothesis that the duration of action of small molecule κ-opioid receptor antagonists in vivo is determined by their efficacy in activating JNK1 and that persistent inactivation of the κ-receptor does not require sustained JNK activation.     

Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant properties of novel 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl) benzimidazole-1-yl]-N-(2-arylmethylene amino) acetamides and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl) benzimidazole-1-yl]-N-(4-oxo-2-aryl-thiazolidine-3-yl) acetamides-I

Our approach was to synthesize and examine the antioxidant properties of some new 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)benzimidazole-1-yl]-N-(2-arylmethyleneamino) acetamide (1-18) and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)benzimidazole-1-yl]-N-(4-oxo-2-aryl-thiazolidine-3-yl)acetamide (1t-18t) derivatives. Their in vitro effects on rat liver microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation levels (LP assay) and microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities (EROD assay) were determined. The free radical scavenging properties of the compounds were also examined in vitro determining the interaction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The compounds showed significant effects in the above tests.     

Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel non-nucleoside adenosine deaminase inhibitors

We disclose herein optimization efforts around the novel, highly potent non-nucleoside adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor, 1-[(R)-1-hydroxy-4-(6-(3-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)propionylamino)indol-1-yl)-2-butyl]imidazole-4-carboxamide 1 (K(i)= 7.7 nM), which we recently reported. Structure-based drug design (SBDD) utilizing the crystal structure of the 1/ADA complex was performed in order to obtain structure-activity relationships (SAR) for this type of compound rationally and effectively. To utilize the newly formed hydrophobic space (F2), replacement of the benzimidazole ring of 1 with a n-propyl chain (4b) or a simple phenyl ring (4c) was tolerated in terms of binding activity, and the length of the methylene-spacer was shown to be optimal at two or three. Replacement of an amide with an ether as a linker was also well tolerated in terms of binding activity and moreover improved the oral absorption (6a and 6b). Finally, transformation of indol-1-yl to indol-3-yl resulted in discovery of a novel highly potent and orally bioavailable ADA inhibitor, 1-[(R)-4-(5-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)propoxy)-1-methylindol-3-yl)-1-hydroxy-2-butyl]imidazole-4-carboxamide 8c.