大鼠背部超长原位回植皮瓣成活:人参皂甙Rb1影响的验证

背景:国内外将人参皂甙Rbl应用于心、脑、肺、肾及肝损害的保护与治疗的报道较多,但是将人参皂甙Rbl用于皮瓣的研究还未见报道.目的:观察腹腔注射人参皂甙Rbl对大鼠背部超长宽比例随意皮瓣成活的影响.方法:将健康成年SD大鼠以数字表法随机分为实验组及对照组.于大鼠背部设计制备蒂部在尾部的超长皮瓣80 mmx20 mm(长宽比4:1),原位回植.术中即刻、术后第1-5天腹腔注射2 mg/kg人参皂甙Rbl生理盐水溶液,对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水.术后1 d取材测定皮瓣一氧化氮和丙二醛含量,术后10 d测定皮瓣存活率,取皮瓣近、中、远段行苏木精一伊红染色观察.结果与结论:术后1 d实验组皮瓣一氧化氮含量高于对照组(P<0.01),丙二醛含量低于对照组(P<0.01).术后10 d,实验组皮瓣成活率明显高于对照组(户<0.001 o组织学观察显示,实验组水肿及炎性细胞浸润较对照组明显减轻,纤维增生较对照组明显.结果提示罔手术期腹腔注射人参皂甙Rbl能明显改善大鼠皮瓣血供,提高皮瓣的成活面积和成活率,其作用机制可能与促进内皮细胞分泌释放NO、清除氧自由基、降低脂质过氧化产物、促进皮瓣血管新生有关.     

Effects of Ultrasound-Assisted Preconditioning on Critically Ischemic Skin Flaps: An Experimental Study

This study evaluates the effect of ultrasound-assisted preconditioning on critically ischemic flaps. Ninety-eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Control, surgical delay, ultrasound and sham groups were designed. Modified McFarlane flaps were raised on the back of rats, and flap survival rate was assessed on post-operative day 14 in control, ultrasound and sham groups. Bipedicled flaps were created in the surgical delay group, and 14 d after delaying, all skin flaps were elevated. Statistically, flap survival rates of all ultrasound groups were significantly higher than the control group. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels were increased in all ultrasound groups. Vessel counts did not show any difference between the groups. This study shows that the preconditioning by ultrasound can be used to improve the viability of ischemic skin flaps almost at a level close to the surgical delay.     

hVEGF165腺相关病毒对心肌梗死大鼠心功能的影响

目的探讨直接心肌注射基因重组hVEGF165腺相关病毒（rAAV—hVEGF165）对急性心肌梗死大鼠心功能的影响。方法取81只雄性Sprague—Dawley大鼠,制备急性,0．／肌梗死大鼠模型。将心肌梗死大鼠模型随机分成4组：假手术组15只;心肌梗死组25只;生理盐水纽25只;VEGF组16只。生理盐水组和VEGF组分别接受生理盐水或rAAV—hVEGF165100μ1分3点注射于梗死交界处心肌内。于注射4周后测定心肌组织VEGF含量、超声心动图参数、梗死范围、微血管数量、心钠素（atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP）水平。结果假手术组中3只大鼠、心肌梗死组中13只大鼠、生理盐水组中15只大鼠、VEGF组中7只大鼠死亡,43只大鼠进入研究。VEGF组心肌梗死范围较心肌梗死组和生理盐水组明显减小（38．6±3．0）％VS（42．5±3．8）％、（42．5±2．6）％（P〈0．05）。VEGF组的左心室射血分数显著高于心肌梗死组和生理盐水组（61．11±8．37）％VS（44．17±5．31）％、（39．40±5．48）（P〈0．01）。VEGF纽心肌组织中VEGF含量较心肌梗死组和生理盐水组有所增加。血管计数显示,VEGF组有更多的新生血管形成（522．38±82．14）mm2vs（419．99±32．17）mm2、（420．86±16．50）mm2（P〈0．01）。结论梗死区交界处心肌内直接注射rAAV-hVEGF165能够显著改善急性心肌梗死大鼠的心功能,缩小梗死范围,促进心肌内新生血管的形成。     

血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子缓释微球联合高压氧对超长随意皮瓣成活的影响

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）缓释微球联合高压氧对大鼠超长随意皮瓣成活率的影响.方法 采用改良的McFarlane皮瓣制作方法建立实验模型.模型制备后将SD大鼠40只随机分为4组（空白对照组、高压氧组、VEGF/bFGF微球组、高压氧与微球联合组）,每组各10只,分别给予不同的干预处理.术后7d计算各组皮瓣的存活面积比,取皮瓣中段组织计算新生微血管数量,免疫组化法检测VEGF表达的差异.结果 （1）存活面积百分比：术后7d,高压氧与微球联合组皮瓣的存活面积百分比为（89.54±3.23）％,VEGF/bFGF微球组为（73.54±4.57）％,高压氧组为（71.89±2.26）％,空白对照组为（50.36±2.37）％,4组经方差分析,差异有统计学意义（F=390.328,P＜0.05）,组间两两比较,高压氧与微球联合组显著高于其他实验组,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;而VEGF/bFGF微球组和高压氧组间则无统计意义（P＞0.05）.（2）新生微血管数目：高压氧与微球联合组、VEGF/bFGF微球组、高压氧组和空白对照组皮瓣Ⅱ区的新生血管计数分别为（35.14±4.21）、（23.34 ±2.53）、（25.22 ±2.73）、（17.37±5.73）个/mm2,4组经方差分析,差异有统计学意义（F=51.736,P＜0.05）,组间两两比较,高压氧与微球联合组显著高于其他实验组,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;VEGF/bFGF微球组与高压氧组间则无统计意义（P＞0.05）.（3）免疫组化检测：各组VEGF阳性量累积吸光度（A）值分别为78.39±19.12、52.42±13.59、49.84±12.93、29.24±10.35,4组差异有统计学意义（F=189.956,P＜0.05）,组间两两比较,高压氧与微球联合组显著高于其他实验组,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;而VEGF/bFGF微球组与高压氧组间差异则无统计意义（P＞0.05）.结论 VEGF和bFGF缓释微球联合高压氧可以促进皮瓣新生血管的增生,改善皮瓣血供,进而提     

Enoxaparin sodium prevents intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction in endotoxemic rats

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: During severe sepsis or septic shock, activation of the inflammatory and coagulatory systems can result in microcirculatory dysfunction as well as microvascular thrombosis, culminating in multiple organ dysfunction and death. Enoxaparin can inhibit factor Xa and attenuate endothelial damage. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enoxaparin on intestinal microcirculation in endotoxemic rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into the following three groups: sham operated (OP); lipopolysaccharide (LPS); and LPS + Enoxaparin group. The rats received a midline laparotomy to exteriorize a segment of terminal ileum for microcirculation examination by full-field laser perfusion imager and sidestream dark field video microscope on mucosa, muscle, and Peyer's patch. In the LPS and LPS + Enoxaparin groups, 15 mg/kg LPS was administered intravenously to induce endotoxemia, and 400 IU/kg enoxaparin sodium was also administered in the LPS + Enoxaparin group. RESULTS: At 240 minutes, the mean arterial pressure was higher in the LPS + Enoxaparin group than in the LPS group (93 ± 9 versus 64 ± 16 mm Hg, P < 0.001). Microcirculatory blood flow intensity was higher in the LPS + Enoxaparin group than in the LPS group as follows: mucosa (1085 ± 215 versus 617 ± 214 perfusion unit [PU], P < 0.001); muscle (760 ± 202 versus 416 ± 223 PU, P = 0.001); and Peyer's patch (1,116 ± 245 versus 570 ± 280 PU, P < 0.001). Enoxaparin inhibited LPS-induced reduction in perfused small vessel density and increase in heterogeneity of microcirculation. CONCLUSIONS: Enoxaparin can prevent intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction in endotoxemic rats by preventing microvascular thrombosis formation and maintaining normal mean arterial pressure.     

Transplantation of adipose stromal cells promotes neovascularization of random skin flaps

The delivery of bone marrow-derived mononulear cells (BM-MNCs) has been proved to be effective at promoting neovascularization of ischemic skin flaps. However, the limited source of BM-MNCs restricts their clinical application. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) contains a group of heterogeneous cells in the adipose tissue, including adipose tissue-derived stem cells, and it has abundant reserve in human body. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of SVF to promote neovascularization of random skin flaps. Female Wistar rats were randomly devided into three groups with 8 in each group and received allogeneic SVF, BM-MNCs and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), respectively, before surgery. Two days after cell administration, a 10 × 3 cm random skin flap was elevated. Flap survival, blood flow perfusion and capillary density were examined 7 days after surgery, and the relevant mechanism was also explored. Results showed that SVF group and BM-MNCs group had higher survival percentage (72.2 ± 2.0% and 76.4 ± 3.1%, respectively) as compared with the control group (56.8 ± 4.6%, P < 0.05). Blood flow perfusion and capillary density of flap tissues in SVF and BM-MNCs groups were both improved. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were increased in flap tissues of SVF and BM-MNCs groups detected by ELISA. These results indicate that SVF could promote vascularization and increase flap survival probably by secreting VEGF and bFGF. The effect of transplantation of SVF on therapeutic angiogenesis of skin flaps is equivalent to that of BM-MNCs.     

低频超声联合微泡影响前列腺癌DU145细胞血管内皮细胞生长因子表达的实验研究

目的探讨低频超声联合微泡对前列腺癌DUl45细胞血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）表达的影响。方法体外培养前列腺癌DUl45细胞,细胞呈对数生长时分为4组进行实验：对照组（细胞悬液1ml）、单纯微泡组（800μl细胞悬液加入200μl微泡剂SonoVue）、单纯低频超声组（1ml细胞悬液以频率80kHz、声强0．45W／cm2超声辐照30S）、低频超声联合微泡组（800μl细胞悬液加入200μl微泡剂SonoVue后立即以频率80kHz、声强0．45W／cm2超声辐照30s）。MTT法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测凋亡率,Western印迹法检测细胞VEGF蛋白的表达。采用单因素方差分析比较对照组、单纯微泡组、单纯低频超声组、低频超声联合微泡组细胞存活率、凋亡率、VEGF蛋白表达量差异,进一步组间两两比较采用SNK-q检验。结果对照组、单纯微泡组、单纯低频超声组、低频超声联合微泡组细胞存活率分别为100％、（96．50±12．49）％、（93．20±5.31）％、（81．30±9．32）％;凋亡率分别为（1．10±0．26）％、（1．78±0．63）％、（5．85±0．45）％、（9．36±0．90）％;VEGF蛋白表达量分别为0．81±0．05、0．79±0．06、0．58±0．04、0．38±0．05。单纯微泡组、单纯低频超声组细胞存活率与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义,低频超声联合微泡组细胞存活率较对照组降低,且差异有统计学意义（q=5．88,P〈0．05）。单纯微泡组细胞凋亡率、VEGF蛋白表达量与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义;单纯低频超声组、低频超声联合微泡组细胞凋亡率均高于对照组,VEGF蛋白表达量均低于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义（q=14．09、24．51、8．06、14．89,P均〈0．05）。低频超声联合微泡组细胞凋亡率高于而VEGF蛋白表达量低于单纯低频超声组,且差异亦均有统计学意义（q=10．42、6．83,P均〈0．05）。结论微泡能增强低频超声抑制前列腺癌DUl45细胞增殖及促进凋亡,其机制可能与其下调前列腺癌DUl45细胞VEGF表达有关。     

Therapeutic Effects of Focused Ultrasound on Expression of Notch1, C-Fos and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 in Vulvar Skin of SD Rats with Vulvar Lichen Simplex Chronicus

The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of focused ultrasound on the expression of notch1, c-fos and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) in genital skin of SD rats with vulvar lichen simplex chronicus (LSC). Fifty-six female SD rats with LSC were randomly divided into therapy and sham groups. The therapy group was exposed to focused ultrasound. The sham group received the same therapy with an instrument that had no power output. Four wk after a singly focused ultrasound therapy, histologic analyses revealed that recovered SD rats accounted for 75% of SD rats in the therapy group and 10.7% in the sham group. Total collagen fiber density in the superficial layer of dermis in the therapy group was significantly lower than that in the sham group. Notch1 and c-fos protein expression in the therapy group was significantly lower than that in the sham group, with the opposite effect present for TGF-β3. Focused ultrasound therapy may inhibit superficial collagen fibrosis in the dermis by affecting expression of notch1, c-fos and TGF-β3 in vulvar skin tissue and consequently reduce the recurrence rate of LSC.     

Endothelial cell injury and platelet aggregation induced by contrast ultrasonography in the rat hepatic sinusoid.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether contrast ultrasonography can affect the sinusoidal cells and platelets of the liver by using ultrastructural analysis in vivo. METHODS: Fifteen Wistar rats were placed into the following 5 groups of 3 rats each: 3 control groups comprising a sham operation group, a contrast agent injection-alone group, and an ultrasound exposure-alone group; and 2 contrast agent injection with ultrasound exposure groups, split according to excision time. After a dose of an echo contrast agent (100 mg/kg of body weight) was administered through the femoral vein, the rats that received injections were subjected to ultrasound for the first minute, no ultrasound for the next 4 minutes, and then ultrasound sweep scanning for 10 seconds. The rats were perfused via the heart with cold physiologic saline containing 2% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution buffered with 0.1-mol/L phosphate. The livers of the rats in 4 of the groups were excised immediately. The livers of the rats in 1 of the 2 contrast agent with ultrasound exposure groups were excised by the same procedure 5 hours after they received the injections. All specimens were studied with light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Platelet aggregation and injury to endothelial cells were more severe in the contrast agent injection and ultrasound exposure groups than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast ultrasonography can cause platelet aggregation and endothelial cell damage in the rat hepatic sinusoid.     

人血管内皮生长因子165和人组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1基因过表达对心肌梗死大鼠的作用

目的:探讨携带人血管内皮生长因子165（vascular endothelial growth factor 165, VEGF 165）的重组腺病毒（Ad-hVEGF 165）和携带人组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1（tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, ...     

高频超声预测早产儿动脉导管早期自然关闭的价值

目的探讨高频超声预测早产儿动脉导管早期自然关闭的价值。方法170名早产儿（孕周〈37周）,均在出生后24h内入院,高频及常规超声心动图连续观察动脉导管,首次超声心动图检查于出生后24h内完成,以后每天随访观察至第7天,若此期间发现动脉导管已经闭合,则不再继续随访检查。其中16名早产儿动脉导管出生7d内未自然关闭,为动脉导管早期未自然关闭（早期PDA）组,另从7d内自然关闭组中随机选取32名早产儿作为对照组,分别采用高频探头及常规心脏探头测量动脉导管内径、左房前后径与主动脉根部内径比值（LA／AO）。结果早产儿动脉导管于24、48、72h内自然关闭率分别约18．8％（32／170）、61．2％（104／170）、78．8％（134／170）,7d内达90．6％（154／170）,即早产儿出生后早期动脉导管自然关闭率约90．6％（154／170）。高频超声对动脉导管二维及彩色血流长度完整显示率均高于常规超声[82％（39／48）w46％（22／48）,P〈0．001,100％（48／48）w77．1％（37／48）,P〈0．01],差异有统计学意义。高频超声测得早期PDA组动脉导管的内径大于对照组[（2．08±O．4）mm vs （1．09±0．22）mm,P〈0．001],以1．55mm为临界值,预测早生儿出生后7d内动脉导管自然关闭的敏感度、特异度分别为87．5％、90．6％,准确性为66．5％。结论高频超声能明确诊断早产儿PDA,在精确显示动脉导管结构上优于常规超声心动图：动脉导管内径越大,早期自然关闭可能性越小。     

经中心静脉途径注入腺病毒转载的核转录因子-κB抑制因子基因治疗大鼠感染性急性肺损伤

目的 观察经中心静脉途径注入腺病毒转载的核转录因子-kB(NF-kB)抑制因子(IkB)基因对感染性急性肺损伤(ALI)的治疗作用。方法 按随机数字表法将30只SD大鼠分为假手术组、ALI模型组、IkB治疗组,每组10只。IkB治疗组经中心静脉注入滴度为1×109 pfu腺病毒转载的IkB基因1 ml,假手术组和模型组注人生理盐水1 ml;然后模型组和IκB治疗组经尾静脉注入脂多糖(LPS,5 mg/kg)1ml复制ALI模型,假手术组则注入生理盐水1 ml。观察7d后大鼠的动脉血气分析,肺湿/干重(W/D)比值,血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量,肺组织NF-κBp65蛋白表达及光镜下肺组织病理改变,并计算肺损伤评分。结果 模型组死亡1只大鼠,其余大鼠均存活。3组间pH值、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)比较无明显差异;动脉血氧分压(PaO2)假手术组最高,模型组最低。模型组血浆TNF-α (μg/L)、IL-6(ng/L)含量明显高于假手术组(TNF-α：5.20±1.09比3.01±0.46;IL-6:540.28±100.78比214.45±61.37,均P＜0.05);IkB治疗组血浆TNF-α和IL-6含量明显低于模型组(TNF-α.3.70±0.96比5.20±1.09;IL-6:356.49±60.58比540.28±100.78,均P＜0.05),其中TNF-α含量已恢复至假手术组水平。肺W/D比值：假手术组最低(4.49±0.36),模型组最高(5.78±0.43),IκB治疗组居中(5.33±0.38);肺损伤评分（分）：假手术组最低（0.17±0.41）,模型组最高(2.29±0.76),IκB治疗组居中（1.57±0.53）;肺NF-κB免疫组化评分（分）：假手术组最低(1.00±0.89),模型组最高(9.43±1.13),IκB治疗组居中(4.00±1.15);上述指标3组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。结论 经中心静脉途径注入腺病毒转载的IκB基因,可降低ALI大鼠血中炎症因子TNF-α、II-6含量,抑制NF-κB活化,减少肺水含量和肺泡塌陷以及肺实变,从而减轻肺损伤。     

半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3对缺血再灌注大鼠脑海马神经元凋亡的影响

背景半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3在正常细胞中以酶原形式存在,受凋亡刺激因素作用后能够被激活从而引起细胞凋亡.目的通过检测脑海马组织胞质S-100中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3的活性及海马区神经元凋亡情况,探讨全脑缺血再灌注后脑海马神经元凋亡与半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3的关系.设计随机对照实验.单位解放军第三军医大学西南医院急救部.材料实验于1999-01/04在解放军第三军医大学西南医院完成.选取雄性Wistar大鼠182只,随机分为3组假手术组14只,脑缺血再灌注组84只,乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酰缬氨酰天冬氨酸乙醛(acetyl-asp-glu-valasp-aldehyde,AC-DEVD-CHO)治疗组84只,后两组均设立缺血再灌注8,24,48,72,120,168 h 6个时相点,每个时相点14只大鼠.方法脑缺血再灌注组、AC-DEVD-CHO治疗组建立大鼠全脑缺血20 min再灌注模型,分别于再灌注后8,24,48,72,120,168 h处死取海马组织;假手术组施行麻醉及手术,但不夹闭颈总动脉和烧灼椎动脉,术后观察72 h后处死取海马组织备检.以单位质量标本于单位时间内裂解产生的氨甲基香豆素量表示标本中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3的活性.各组不同时相点脑组织切片封固后在荧光显微镜下于330～350 nm处观察脑海马细胞凋亡情况.主要观察指标①各组脑缺血再灌注后不同时相点海马组织S-100中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3活性变化.②各组脑缺血再灌注后不同时相点海马细胞凋亡的情况.③半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3活性与海马区神经元凋亡的关系.结果实验纳入182只大鼠,脱落14只,共168只大鼠进入结果分析.①各组脑缺血再灌注后不同时相点海马组织S-100中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3活性变化假手术组术后观察72时为0.与脑缺血再灌注组比较,AC-DEVD-CHO治疗组于再灌注24,48,72,120,168 h均明显降低[(1.71±0.03),(1.22±0.03);(2.77±0.09),(1.59±0.7);(5.54±0.51),(2.3±0.19);(6.28±1.71),(3.43±0.46);(3.11±1.21),(1.73±0.14)nkat/kg;P＜0.05或0.01].②各组脑缺血再灌注后不同时相点海马细胞凋亡的情况每400倍视野下,假手术组术后观察72 h为(1.2±0.4)个.与脑缺血再灌注组比较,AC-DEVD-CHO治疗组于再灌注24,48,72,120,168 h均明显降低[(6.4±1.7),(2.8±0.8);(11.8±1.3),(5.8±1.9);(19.8±3.1),(10.0±1.9);(31.2±5.9),(16.4±2.4);(19.8±2.3),(9.0±2.3)个/400倍视野;P＜均0.01].③半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3活性与海马区神经元凋亡的关系脑缺血再灌注组、AC-DEVD-CHO治疗组均行直线相关分析,二者的变化呈显著正相关(r分别为0.935 6及0.980 0,P均＜0.01).结论半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3的激活是引起海马神经元调亡的主要因素之一,在缺血再灌注大鼠脑海马神经元凋亡中起着重要作用.     

Contrast-aided diagnostic ultrasound does not enhance lung metastasis in a mouse melanoma tumor model.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to test the hypothesis that contrast-aided diagnostic ultrasound (CADUS) could exacerbate the metastatic spread of mouse melanoma tumor cells to the lungs. METHODS: The melanoma cell lines B16 and B16-D5 (metastatic specifically to lung) were implanted on a hind leg of female C57/bl6 mice. Growing tumors were scanned by 1.5-MHz diagnostic ultrasound in a 37 degrees C water bath. Four hundred image frames were triggered at a 1-Hz rate with 4 retro-orbital injections of an ultrasonographic contrast agent at dosage of 10 microL/kg at 100-second intervals. Sham-treated mice received 400 frames of ultrasonography followed by the contrast agent with the ultrasound off. The primary tumor was surgically removed 1 day after ultrasound administration. Lungs were removed and evaluated blind after 2 weeks of bleaching in Fekete solution. RESULTS: Three experiments were performed. The first experiment involved scanning sham and CADUS groups of 20 mice each with B16 tumors; B16 metastasis was not enhanced. The second experiment repeated this test with the D5 cell line; the metastasis enhancement was marginally significant for average number (0.3 and 3.2; P = .06) and incidence (3 and 9 of 19; P = .08) in mice without tumor recurrence. Finally, a third experiment was performed to clarify ambiguous results in the second experiment and consisted of 2 groups of 40 mice each. In this larger experiment, the results were essentially equal for the sham and CADUS groups. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results do not support the hypothesis of CADUS-enhanced metastasis.     

非诱导同种异体骨髓基质细胞心肌移植后细胞增殖分化的结局

背景:关于骨髓基质细胞心肌成形的研究,目前都集中在模拟自体细胞移植方面。而同种异体骨髓基质细胞心肌移植的研究,国内报道较少。目的:观察大鼠同种异体骨髓基质细胞移植到心肌梗死区后能否存活,并进一步增殖、分化,以及对宿主心脏的影响。设计:随机对照动物实验。单位:华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院心血管内科实验室。材料:1月龄Wistar大鼠10只,雌雄不拘,体质量100～120g,用于取材培养骨髓基质细胞。3月龄雌性Wistar大鼠80只,体质量200～250g,用于制造动物模型。方法:实验于2004-06/12在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院心血管内科实验室完成。①80只大鼠结扎冠状动脉左前降支制作急性心肌梗死模型,45只大鼠制作模型成功。②4周后,取传两代非经诱导的体外培养的同种异体大鼠骨髓基质细胞,注射到大鼠心肌梗死区,为移植组(25只)。同时设置注射培养基的对照组(20只)。③移植4周后检测受体心脏的血流动力学指标,然后取标本,检测移植细胞存活、分化和组织的血管新生状况。主要观察指标:①两组大鼠血流动力学检测结果比较。②移植细胞的结局。③两组大鼠血管新生的改变。结果:细胞移植组13只,对照组11只大鼠进入结果分析。①移植组大鼠心脏血流动力学指标较对照组明显改善犤左心室收缩压:(88.61±5.99),(76.93±4.75)mmHg,左心室舒张末压:(7.72±1.36),(12.77±2.76)mmHg,P均<0.05;左心室收缩压最大变化速率:(2365.26±266.31),(2025.04±230.25)(mmHg/s),左心室舒张压最大变化速率:(2313.26±159.30),(2140.12±191.03)mmHg/s犦。②同种异体骨髓基质细胞移植入心肌梗死区后能够度过急性炎症期而且不引起明显移植排斥反应;位于梗死区的移植细胞主要分化为成纤维细胞,部分位于心肌梗死区周围的细胞分化为血管内皮细胞,并促进了血管新生。③移植组心肌梗死区及其周围新生血管数目较对照组明显增加(P<0.01)。结论:同种异体骨髓基质细胞移植后未能在梗死区形成心肌样细胞,但所形成的血管内皮细胞产生了促进心肌梗死后血管新生、改善心功能的作用。     

Transdermal Delivery of Enfuvirtide in a Porcine Model Using a Low-Frequency,Low-Power Ultrasound Transducer Patch

Ultrasound-mediated transdermal delivery is a promising parenteral administration method for large-molecule or unstable medications. This study evaluated skin health and systemic delivery when administering enfuvirtide, an injectable anti-retroviral medication, over a 1-mo period in a porcine model using a low-frequency cymbal transducer. Three groups received twice-daily treatments: (i) enfuvirtide injection control (n?=?12); (ii) saline ultrasound control (n?=?6); and (iii) enfuvirtide ultrasound treatment (n?=?13). Ultrasound parameters were as follows: 30-min exposure, 90 mW/cm², 24–26 kHz and 15% duty cycle. No statistical difference in trans-epidermal water loss, a measure of skin health and function, was seen between ultrasound-treated and control skin sites for either saline (p?=?0.50) or enfuvirtide (p?=?0.29) groups. Average trough plasma concentrations of enfuvirtide were 0.6 ± 0.2 and 2.8 ± 0.8 μg/mL for ultrasound and injection, respectively. Tolerability and efficacy results indicate that chronic, low-frequency ultrasound exposure can be a practical means for transdermal delivery of medications such as enfuvirtide.     

天然、重组水蛭素对随意皮瓣淤血模型血管内皮细胞生长因子的影响

背景:随意皮瓣移植后易发生皮瓣静脉淤血,甚至坏死,临床与动物实验证明水蛭素能够提高淤血皮瓣的成活率。目的:观察水蛭素对大鼠随意皮瓣淤血模型成活保护作用。方法:Wistar大鼠30只背部设计随意皮瓣10cm×3cm制成淤血模型,随机分为天然水蛭素组、重组水蛭素组和对照组,分别于皮下注射5U天然水蛭素、5U重组水蛭素和生理盐水。术后测定血管内皮细胞生长因子含量及血管内皮细胞生长因子mRNA表达量,计算皮瓣成活率。结果与结论:天然水蛭素组与重组水蛭素组皮瓣成活率比对照组高(P<0.05)。天然水蛭素组与重组水蛭素组比对照组新生毛细血管血管内皮细胞生长因子表达多(P<0.05),且天然水蛭素组最多。提示天然、重组水蛭素均能够促进随意皮瓣血管内皮细胞生长因子表达,有利于新生血管的生成,能够提高随意皮瓣的成活率,且天然水蛭素效果优于重组水蛭素。     

The effects of montelukast on random pattern skin flap survival: An experimental study in rats

Background: A variety of methods to improve skin flap survival, including the use of pharmacologic agents, have been intensively investigated. Decreasing neutrophil-mediated inflammation and tissue injury has been reported to be effective in improving flap survival. Montelukast is a selective reversible cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist that has been found to have protective effects against renal ischemia reperfusion injury and burn-induced oxidative injury of the skin in rats. However, its effects on skin flap survival have not been previously reported.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of montelukast on neutrophil-mediated random pattern skin flap survival.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230 to 250 g were randomly divided into 2 groups—the montelukast-treated group and the control group. Caudally based rectangular random pattern skin flaps 3 × 9 cm were elevated on the backs of the rats. The flaps were sutured into their original places. In the montelukast group, 1 mL of solution containing 10 mg/kg montelukast was administered intraperitoneally (IP) 30 minutes before surgery and then daily for 6 days. In the control group, 1 mL of saline was administered IP 30 minutes before surgery and then daily for 6 days. To observe the effects of montelukast, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an index of tissue neutrophil infiltration, was measured from extracted skin tissue 12 hours after flap elevation. Flap viability was evaluated 7 days after surgery by measuring necrotic flap area and total flap area.Results: Sixteen rats (mean [SD] weight, 240.6 [6.6] g) were equally divided between the 2 groups. All rats survived throughout the study period. Mean (SD) MPO activity in flap tissue was significantly lower in the montelukast group than in the control group (14.57 [2.33] vs 21.28 [4.86] U/g protein; P = 0.005). The percentage of necrotic flap area was significantly lower in the montelukast group than in the control group (17.17 [7.95] vs 37.51 [10.72]; P = 0.001).Conclusion: This small, experimental, in vivo animal study found that montelukast was associated with both lower MPO activity and a lower percentage of necrotic random pattern skin flap area. Future studies are needed to clarify these findings.     

高压氧对短暂脑缺血大鼠血浆降钙素基因相关肽和β-内啡肽的影响

背景:缺血早期脑组织损伤是急性脑卒中治疗面临的主要挑战。此期应用高压氧治疗是否对脑组织有明确的保护作用。目的:观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注后,高压氧诱导降钙素基因相关肽和β-内啡肽的动态变化以及高压氧治疗对其的影响,探讨高压氧的治疗作用。设计:随机对照实验。单位:首都医科大学动物科学部。材料:实验于2003-12/2005-02在首都医科大学动物科学部进行。选择清洁级雌性SD大鼠63只按随机数字表分为9组:假手术组7只;缺血再灌注组分别取再灌注6,24,48,96h时相点组,每组各7只;缺血再灌注 高压氧处理组分别取再灌注6,24,48,96h时相点组,每组各7只。干预:除假手术组外,其余各组建立脑缺血再灌注动物模型,夹闭双侧颈总动脉缺血20min后再通血流,假手术组同样手术,但不夹闭颈总动脉。假手术组和缺血再灌注组置于常压空气中,缺血再灌注 高压氧处理组治疗方案为:纯氧洗高压氧舱5min,升压5min,然后稳压在0.2MPa下吸纯氧45min,缓慢减压15min,出舱第1天在再灌注3h后行高压氧处理1次,以后均在3天同一时间作相同处理。缺血再灌注组和缺血再灌注 高压氧处理组分别于再灌注6,24,48,96h取血。主要观察指标:用放射免疫测定法测定各组血浆中降钙素基因相关肽和β-内啡肽的含量。结果:63只大鼠均进入结果分析。①缺血再灌注6h:高压氧组降钙素基因相关肽应激性升高(64.12±18.16)ng/L,出现时间较缺血再灌注组早,高于同时相点缺血再灌注组(32.62±11.72)ng/L和假手术组(49.09±8.59)ng/L(F=6.614,P<0.001,P<0.05);高压氧组β-内啡肽一过性增高。②缺血再灌注24h和48h:高压氧处理组降钙素基因相关肽从24h起即恢复至正常[(43.53±22.73)ng/L,F=0.390;(46.02±10.64)ng/L,F=0.969,P均>0.05]。③缺血再灌注96h:缺血再灌注组降钙素基因相关肽应激性(81.74±20.64)ng/L,高于假手术组(49.09±8.59)ng/L和同时相点高压氧组(40.98±20.52)ng/L(F=6.419,P<0.01);并明显高于6,24,48h的缺血再灌注组组(F=10.806,P均<0.01)。高压氧组β-内啡肽水平降至最低,明显低于假手术组[(370.00±130.15,872.30±403.92)ng/L,(F=3.691,P<0.05)]。结论:①早期高压氧治疗可通过升高血浆降钙素基因相关肽水平和降低β-内啡肽水平以减少梗死区的脑组织损伤。②随高压氧治疗次数的增多,其疗效更好。     

Protective effect of mesalamine against oxidativeinjury in a rat model of radiation rectitis

Background:

Radiation rectitis is a major problem associated with high-doseirradiation used for pelvic malignancies.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protectiveeffect of mesalamine against irradiation-induced oxidative tissue damage in an experimental model.

Methods:

Three groups of female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to receive treatment as follows: mesalamine enema (60 mg/mL) BID + irradiation (IR) was given to the mesalamine + IR group, and isotonic saline enema BID + irradiation to the control group. Treatments were given from the day before irradiation until euthanization (72 hours after the irradiation). Sham control rats received isotonic saline enema BID but no irradiation. On the third day of treatment, all animals were euthanized, and reduced glutathione (GSH) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured in the rectal, intestinal, and hepatic tissue of the rats.

Results:

The sham group comprised 7 rats; the control and mesalamine + IRgroups, 16 rats each. The median GSH levels of rectal and intestinal specimens were lower in the control group compared with the sham group. The rectal and intestinal MDA levels were higher in the control group compared with the sham group. The rectal and intestinal MPO activities were higher in the control group compared with the sham group. All of these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001) and indicated oxidative stress. With the topical application of mesalamine, the GSH and MDA levels and MPO activities were similar to those of the sham group.

Conclusion:

The pelvic irradiation of rats caused oxidative rectal, intestinal,and hepatic tissue damage, which was ameliorated with the use of mesalamine.