实时跟踪和虚拟成像技术辅助创伤骨科手术机器人治疗股骨颈骨折

目的:探究实时跟踪和虚拟成像技术(real-time tracking and virtual reality technology,RTVI)辅助创伤骨科手术机器人术中配准治疗股骨颈骨折的治疗效果。方法:回顾分析2020年9月至2022年9月应用创伤骨科机器人手术治疗的60例股骨颈骨折患者,根据术中是否使用RTVI技术辅助机器人手术将患者分成两组:RTVI组28例,男12例,女16例;年龄28～60(46.2±9.3)岁。单纯天玑手术机器人组32例,男15例,女17例;年龄32～58(48.2±7.8)岁。观察并记录两组配准透视次数、手术时间、术中透视次数、术中出血量、住院时间。所有患者术后接受定期随访,常规复查髋关节X线片,记录Garden对线指数、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症、Harris评分。结果:60例患者均获得随访,其中RTVI组随访9～16(13.0±1.2)个月,单纯天玑手术机器人组随访10～14(12.0±1.3)个月,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访期间两组股骨颈骨折均愈合良好,无内固定松动、切口感染等并发症发生。RTVI组配准透视次数、手术时间、术...     

Virtual reality digital surgical planning for jaw reconstruction: a usability study

Background

Digital surgical planning (DSP) has revolutionized the preparation and execution of the management of complex head and neck pathologies. The addition of virtual reality (VR) allows the surgeon to have a three-dimensional experience with six degrees of freedom for visualizing and manipulating objects. This pilot study describes the participants experience with the first head and neck reconstructive VR-DSP platform.

Methods

An original VR-DSP platform has been developed for planning the ablation and reconstruction of head and neck pathologies. A prospective trial utilizing this platform involving reconstructive surgeons was performed. Participants conducted a simulated VR-DSP planning session, pre- and post-questionnaire as well as audio recordings allowing for qualitative analysis.

Results

Thirteen consultant reconstructive surgeons representing three surgical backgrounds with varied experience were recruited. The majority of surgeons had no previous experience with VR. Based on the system usability score, the VR-DSP platform was found to have above average usability. The qualitative analysis demonstrated the majority had a positive experience. Participants identified some perceived barriers to implementing the VR-DSP platform.

Conclusions

Virtual reality-digital surgical planning is usable and acceptable to reconstructive surgeons. Surgeons were able to perform the steps in an efficient time despite limited experience. The addition of VR offers additional benefits to current VSP platforms. Based on the results of this pilot study, it is likely that VR-DSP will be of benefit to the reconstructive surgeon.     

增强现实导航辅助CT引导下穿刺犬肺结节模型

目的 观察增强现实（AR）导航用于CT引导下穿刺犬肺结节模型的价值。方法 选取5只健康犬,各于肺部植入4个靶环,建立犬肺结节模型。按照交叉设计,分别于造模成功后2周及4周于AR导航下或无导航行CT引导下穿刺,以AR导航穿刺为AR组、无导航穿刺为常规组。比较2组穿刺时长、CT扫描次数、穿刺中调整进针路径次数及三维重建所示针尖至病灶中心点的误差距离。结果 AR组穿刺用时（13.62±5.11）min、常规组为（20.16±4.76）min;AR组CT扫描次数、调针次数及误差距离结果分别为（2.40±0.50）次、（2.75±0.44）次及（2.94±1.92）mm,常规组依次为（3.10±0.64）次、（3.70±0.57）次及（4.90±3.38）mm。引入AR导航可缩短穿刺用时、减少CT扫描和调针次数、降低穿刺误差（P均<0.05）,而不同穿刺顺序及实验犬只对穿刺结果无影响（P均>0.05）。结论 AR导航系统用于CT引导下穿刺犬肺结节模型有助于提高穿刺准确性及穿刺效率。     

A Pilot Study of Augmented Reality Technology Applied to the Acetabular Cup Placement During Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

We developed an acetabular cup placement device, the AR-HIP system, using augmented reality (AR). The AR-HIP system allows the surgeon to view an acetabular cup image superimposed in the surgical field through a smartphone. The smartphone also shows the placement angle of the acetabular cup. This preliminary study was performed to assess the accuracy of the AR-HIP system for acetabular cup placement during total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Augmented Reality- vs Accelerometer-Based Portable Navigation System to Improve the Accuracy of Acetabular Cup Placement During Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Lateral Decubitus Position

BackgroundThere have been no studies regarding the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR)-based portable navigation systems compared with accelerometer-based portable navigation systems in total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsWe retrospectively compared THAs performed using an AR-based portable navigation system (n = 45) and those performed using an accelerometer-based portable navigation system (n = 42). All THAs were performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. The primary outcome was the absolute difference between cup placement angles displayed on the navigation screen and those measured on postoperative X-ray.ResultsThe mean absolute differences were significantly smaller in the AR-based portable navigation system group than the accelerometer-based portable navigation system group in radiographic inclination (2.5° ± 1.7° vs 4.6° ± 3.1°; 95% confidence interval 1.1°-3.2°, P < .0001). Similarly, the mean absolute differences were significantly better in the AR-based portable navigation system group in radiographic anteversion (2.1° ± 1.8° vs 6.4° ± 4.2°; 95% confidence interval 3.0°-5.7°, P < .0001). Neither hip dislocation, surgical site infection, nor other complications associated with use of the navigation system occurred in either group.ConclusionThe AR-based portable navigation system may provide more precise acetabular cup placement compared with the accelerometer-based portable navigation system in THA.     

Real world usability analysis of two augmented reality headsets in visceral surgery

Recent developments in the field of augmented reality (AR) have enabled new use cases in surgery. Initial set‐up of an appropriate infrastructure for maintaining an AR surgical workflow requires investment in appropriate hardware. We compared the usability of the Microsoft HoloLens and Meta 2 head mounted displays (HMDs). Fifteen medicine students tested each device and were questioned with a variant of the System Usability Scale (SUS). Two surgeons independently tested the devices in an intraoperative setting. In our adapted SUS, ergonomics, ease of use, and visual clarity of the display did not differ significantly between HMD groups. The field of view (FOV) was smaller in the Microsoft HoloLens than the Meta 2 and significantly more study subjects (80% vs. 13.3%; P < 0.001) felt limited through the FOV. Intraoperatively, decreased mobility due to the necessity of an AC adapter and additional computing device for the Meta 2 proved to be limiting. Object stability was rated superior in the Microsoft HoloLens than the Meta 2 by our surgeons and lead to increased use. In summary, after examination of the Meta 2 and the Microsoft HoloLens, we found key advantages in the Microsoft HoloLens which provided palpable benefits in a surgical setting.     

A hand‐eye calibration method for augmented reality applied to computer‐assisted orthopedic surgery

Background: Augmented reality (AR) allows the surgeon to represent holographic patient‐specific anatomical information and surgical instruments in the physical world. To correctly superimpose virtual and physical objects, a hand‐eye (HE) calibration method for mapping the virtual and physical spaces was proposed. Methods: Mathematical relationships between the virtual camera and the physical space were derived. Finally, the accuracy and robustness of the proposed HE calibration method were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Results: The proposed calibration method allows us to determine an optimal invariant spatiotemporal mapping between the virtual camera and the physical space. Conclusion: Qualitatively and quantitatively reliable and accurate estimates for the physical‐virtual mapping transformation were verified. Consequently, imaging data and surgical instruments holograms can be precisely represented in the physical space.