系统性红斑狼疮易感基因单核苷酸多态性研究进展

系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)是一种复杂的多基因自身免疫性疾病,遗传因素重要而复杂.SLE的易感基因包括人类白细胞抗原(HLA)基因、免疫球蛋白Fc受体(FcR)基因、细胞毒性T细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4)基因、免疫球蛋白受体同源体(FcRL)基因等.对易感基因单核...     

CircRNA 在系统性红斑狼疮和类风湿关节炎的研究进展

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)和类风湿关节炎(RA)是两种常见的典型自身免疫性疾病,目前,其可选的临床药物仍有限,治疗效果尚不尽如人意。环状RNA(circRNA)是一种新近发现和被认知的,具有生物标志物作用和生物学功能的非编码RNA。近年,circRNA在SLE和RA中的研究获得广泛关注,多种circRNAs被发现在SLE和RA患者中差异性表达,且circRNA可通过与microRNA等结合发挥其调控作用,进而参与SLE和RA发病。基于新近的研究报道,本文对circRNA在SLE和RA中的新进展进行综述。     

湖北汉族女性SLE患者与HLA-DRB1等位基因及自身抗体的相关性研究

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是常见的自身免疫性疾病,其病因及发病机制复杂,其诊断需要根据临床症状、体征及自身抗体的检查,在11项临床诊断标准中满足分类标准4项及以上者可诊断为SLE[1,2].该病也是一种典型的异质性疾病,其男女发病率大概为1∶9,好发于育龄妇女[3].研究表明,此疾病与遗传、免疫、药物、激素及病毒感染密切相关,是一种多基因病,有明显的种族、家族聚集性.近几年有学者研究发现SLE患者自身抗体与HLA呈强相关.为了探讨湖北汉族女性SLE患者与HLA-DRB1基因及自身抗体的关系,笔者通过对其自身抗体检测与HLA-DRB1基因分型并统计分析,现报道如下.     

PD-1 / PD-L1 在系统性红斑狼疮和类风湿关节炎中的研究现状与展望

当前,自身免疫性疾病的发病机制尚未完全明确,其防治策略有限,临床疗效仍欠佳。已知,程序性死亡蛋白1(PD-1)及其配体PD-L1可通过负性调节,维持免疫细胞的稳态和机体的健康。因此,深入探讨在自身免疫性疾病如系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)和类风湿关节炎(RA)等的发生和发展中,PD/PD-L1在多种免疫细胞功能紊乱过程中的作用和机制,有望为自身免疫性疾病的防治提供新的策略。故本文就PD-1/PD-L1在SLE和RA中的研究现状,及以其为靶点防治自身免疫性疾病的前景作一概述。     

细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4的研究进展

细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）属于B7／CD28家族成员，具有下调免疫应答为主的多种免疫学效应。CTLA-4有多个位点基因多态性，其基因多态性可影响CTLA-4分子的表达和功能，同某些免疫因素相关性疾病有关。CTLA-4可表达于免疫细胞为主的多种细胞，有膜结合和可溶性等两种形式。CTLA-4Ig和抗单抗是CTLA-4用于防治自身免疫性疾病、移植排斥及肿瘤的两种分子，其效能在动物试验及临床应用中已得到证实.     

免疫抑制疗法可调节系统性红斑狼疮患者的T淋巴细胞基因表达

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种自身免疫性疾病,它以B细胞功能亢进、能产生自身抗体和重要器官中有免疫复合沉积为特征.据报道,环境因素与疾病易感基因间复杂的相互作用可作为触发因素导致SLE发病.     

CTLA-4启动子区基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮关系的meta分析

目的:评价CTLA-4基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)易感性之间的相关性.方法:检索PubMed、Web of Knowledge、Embase、万方学术期刊全文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库和中国生物医学数据库,检索CTLA-4多态性与SLE易感性相关的文献,末次检索时间为2012-05-20.使用Meta分析方法对数据进行分析.结果:共纳入12篇文献,共涉及CTLA-4启动子区域3个多态位点:-1722、-166及-318位点,全人群研究结果显示在CTLA-4基因-1722T/C多态性(显性模型下:OR=2.570,95％CI=1.845-3.581,P＜0.01)及-318T/C多态性(隐性模型:OR =0.044,95％CI=0.020-0.094,P＜0.01)与SLE存在统计学上的相关性,人群分层后亚裔人群中-1722T/C及-318T/C多态性与SLE的此种相关性仍存在,但欧裔及非裔人群的CTLA-4启动区所有研究位点均未发现与SLE有关.结论:CTLA-4基因1722T/C及-318T/C多态性可能与SLE人群易感性有关,特别是亚裔人群.     

类风湿性关节炎分子免疫发病机理

类风湿性关节炎(RA)是免疫介导的炎症性疾病。多种细胞因子如:IL-1β,IL-6及TNFα与RA 炎症密切相关。变性免疫球蛋白(RF)、补体异常活化及PMNs 介导的过氧化反应加重了RA 关节局部炎症反应。RA 发病与MHC 基因DR4,QW7有关。RA 分子免疫发病机理的研究为RA 发病及治疗展示了广阔的前景。     

IL-17A与自身免疫性疾病发病机制的初步探讨

目的:通过研究系统性红斑狼疮和类风湿关节炎患者血浆IL-17A水平和外周血单核细胞RORrt基因表达状态研究IL-17A与自身免疫性疾病的发病机制的关系。方法:分别选取初发系统性红斑狼疮患者(SLE组)和类风湿关节炎(RA组)患者为研究对象,同年龄的健康体检者为对照组,通过ELISA法检测各组血浆IL-17A水平,荧光实时定量PCR检测外周血单核细胞RORrt基因表达情况。结果:(1)SLE组和RA组的血浆IL-17A水平和RORrt基因表达显著高于正常对照组(P0.01)。(2)SLE与RA组间的比较:IL-17A水平SLE组高于RA组,但无统计学意义;RORrt基因表达SLE组高于RA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)两组患者中均发现血浆IL-17A水平和RORrt基因表达增高相关;多元回归分析显示SLE组血浆IL-17A水平和RORrt基因表达的增高与狼疮活动指数(SLEDAI)相关,RA组血浆IL-17A水平的升高与Hb、ESR、CRP、RORrt基因表达相关。结论:IL-17A和RORrt基因表达增高与系统性红斑狼疮和类风湿关节炎的发生有关,IL-17A的升高参与该类自身免疫性疾病的发生可能与RORrt基因表达的增加有关。     

Notch1信号通路参与自身免疫性疾病发病机制的研究进展

自身免疫性疾病是一类免疫应答紊乱致使免疫系统对自身抗原产生攻击的疾病。一般分为器官特异性自身免疫性疾病和系统性自身免疫性疾病,前者主要引起机体某特定器官的自身免疫反应,而后者则常引起多系统、多器官损害,如RA、SLE、银屑病等自身免疫性疾病。近年来越来越多的研究证明,Notch1信号通路通过调节细胞发育、增殖、分化等在RA、SLE、银屑病、EAE、强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)等自身免疫性疾病中发挥重要作用。文章重点对Notch1信号通路与自身免疫性疾病的研究进展进行综述。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964