进行性斑状色素减少症发病机制初步探讨

目的探讨进行性斑状色素减少症(progressive macular hypomelanosis,PMH)患者皮损中分离出的痤疮丙酸杆菌对人角质形成细胞(human keratinocytes,HaCaT)细胞分泌干扰素(interferon,IFN)-γ、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α的影响。方法体外培养HaCaT细胞株,分别加入分离自PMH的痤疮丙酸杆菌、痤疮丙酸杆菌标准菌株(NCTC737),酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)方法测定细胞上清液中IFN-γ、IL-6、TNF-α的分泌量。结果 PMH患者中分离的痤疮丙酸杆菌与角质形成细胞HaCaT细胞株共培养后,能促进角质形成细胞分泌IFN-γ和IL-6,与空白组比较,有明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与痤疮丙酸杆菌标准菌株NCTC737相比也升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论进行性斑状色素减少症皮损中分离出的痤疮丙酸杆菌可刺激HaCaT细胞分泌IFN-γ、IL-6、TNF-α,提示可能是皮损色素减退的原因之一。     

白芍总苷对经肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导的HaCaT细胞细胞因子分泌的影响

目的观察白芍总苷（TGP）对体外培养的Hacalr细胞白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8、IL-10、干扰素（IFN）-γ分泌的影响，以及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α诱导的HaCaT细胞IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IFN-γ分泌在白芍总苷的作用下是否发生变化，从而进一步探讨银屑病的发病机制及白芍总苷治疗银屑病的可能作用机制。方法本实验运用TNF—α诱导HaCaT细胞，并用不同浓度的TGP进行处理，通过ELISA法检测TGP作用前后细胞因子分泌的变化。结果TGP对经TNF-α诱导的HaCaT细胞IL-6、IL-8、IFN-γ分泌有抑制作用，而对IL-10分泌有促进作用。且这两种作用均与药物作用浓度相关。结论TGP可能通过抑制HaCaT细胞IL-6、IL-8及IFN-γ的分泌，提高IL-10的分泌，进而发挥一定的免疫调节作用，从而达到治疗银屑病的作用。     

磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂Hemay005对角质形成细胞炎性因子产生的影响

目的 为了探讨磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂Hemay005对体外培养的角质形成细胞株HaCaT细胞炎性因子产生的影响.方法 分别用重组人肿瘤坏死因子-α（rhTNF-α）、重组人干扰素-γ（rhIFN-γ）和312 nm窄波UVB诱导,采用MTT法检测Hemay005对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响,用ELISA法检测其对HaCaT细胞白细胞介素（IL）-8、sICAM-1和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α产生的影响.结果 Hemay005对HaCaT细胞增殖及25 μg/L rhTNF-α诱导的IL-8产生无明显影响,但能剂量依赖性地抑制1 000 U/mL rhIFN-γ诱导的HaCaT细胞产生sICAM-1和124.2 mJ/cm2窄波UVB照射引起的HaCaT细胞产生TNF-α.结论 Hemay005可通过抑制角质形成细胞炎症因子的表达发挥抗炎作用.     

A GPR40 agonist GW9508 suppresses CCL5, CCL17, and CXCL10 induction in keratinocytes and attenuates cutaneous immune inflammation

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) exert diverse physiological functions, many of which are exploited therapeutically. The roles of GPCR in keratinocytes in immune response in the skin, however, remain poorly defined. In this study, we focused on Gi-coupled GPCR in keratinocytes and defined their actions in immunoactivation of cultured keratinocytes in vitro and immune reaction in the skin in vivo. We first activated HaCaT cells by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IFN-γ and examined effects of various ligands for GPCR on production of CCL17 and CCL5. Agonists for Gi-coupled receptors, particularly GW9508 for GPR40, inhibited CCL17 and CCL5 expression in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. The inhibitory effect by GW9508 was abrogated by depletion of GPR40 with RNA interference. GW9508 further suppressed expression of IL-11, IL-24, and IL-33 induced in HaCaT cells by TNF-α and IFN-γ. GW9508 also inhibited CCL5 and CXCL10 production by normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Administration of GW9508 topically to the skin in the challenging phase suppressed ear swelling in a repeated hapten application model and contact hypersensitivity with downregulation of CCL5 and CXCL10, respectively. Thus, in the skin, stimulation of Gi-coupled receptors attenuates induction of critical cytokines and chemokines by proinflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes and suppresses allergic inflammation in the skin.     

雷公藤内酯醇对HaCaT细胞IFN-γ信号转导途径的影响

目的 研究雷公藤内酯醇对人角质形成细胞永生化株HaCaT细胞中IFN-γ信号转导途径的影响。方法 不同浓度雷公藤内酯醇（10-10 ～ 10-7 mol/L）预处理HaCaT细胞2 h后,用重组人IFN-γ（rhIFN-γ,500 U/mL）刺激诱导细胞,在不同的时间收集细胞,提取细胞总蛋白,免疫印迹法检测IFN-γ信号途径中IFN-γ受体α（IFN-γRα）、磷酸化Janus激酶2（pJAK2）、细胞因子信号转导抑制因子1（SOCS1）表达情况。结果 10-8 mol/L及10-7 mol/L雷公藤内酯醇可明显抑制HaCaT细胞中IFN-γ诱导的IFN-γRα蛋白表达（P < 0.05,P < 0.05）;10-9 mol/L及10-8 mol/L雷公藤内酯醇可明显抑制IFN-γ诱导的pJAK2蛋白表达（P < 0.05,P < 0.05）。雷公藤内酯醇对IFN-γRα表达及JAK2磷酸化的抑制作用呈剂量依赖性,其半数抑制浓度（IC50值）分别为1.37 × 10-8 mol/L和2.83 × 10-9 mol/L。10-10,10-9,10-8 mol/L的雷公藤内酯醇作用HaCaT细胞2 h后可明显上调IFN-γ诱导的SOCS1蛋白表达（P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.01）,其半数有效剂量（ED50值）为3.32 × 10-11 mol/L。结论 雷公藤内酯醇可分别通过抑制HaCaT细胞中IFN-γRα表达、JAK2磷酸化以及上调SOCS1表达,从不同时相的3个环节,共同抑制HaCaT细胞中STAT-1磷酸化,从而抑制IFN-γ信号所诱导的多种炎症相关基因转录。这种抑制作用可能是雷公藤治疗银屑病等IFN-γ依赖性炎症性皮肤病有效的重要机制之一。     

催乳素与促生长素对体外培养系统性红斑狼疮患者单一核细胞产生细胞因子的影响

目的 研究催乳素、促生长素对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者Th1/Th2型细胞因子的影响。方法 对SLE患者和正常人对照的淋巴细胞进行体外培养,并测定细胞因子。结果 在自分泌情况下,SLE活动期患者白介素6(IL-6)、白介素10(IL-10)的分泌量显著增高,而干扰素γ(IFN-γ)的分泌量低于静止期和正常人,但差异无统计学意义。经促生长素和催乳素干预后,活动期SLE患者IL-6、IL-10分泌量显著高于自分泌量和正常人对照组。IFN-γ分泌量经促生长素和催乳素干预后,与自分泌量相比,活动期患者无显著升高。促生长素对SLE患者IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ分泌量的影响与催乳素的影响差异无统计学意义。结论 SLE患者不但存在Th2型细胞因子增高,而且促生长素和催乳素均能刺激Th2型细胞因子进一步增高,且刺激能力相当,并呈正相关。     

Interleukin-4 and interferon-γ interactions in the induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression of normal human keratinocytes

Abstract Interleukin-4 (IL-4) that may be produduced by T-helper cells in atopic lesions has immunomodulatory activities on skin cells which are poorly known. Our study was aimed at determining whether the cytokine exerts some effects on keratinocyte activation and can either enhance or antagonize interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced ICAM-I or HLA-DR antigen expression. Using normal keratinocytes cultured in defined medium and cytofluorography, we showed that treatments of the human cells with the cytokine IL-4 alone had no effect on the induction of ICAM-1 or HLA-DR molecules. However, a transient, but significant enhanced expression of ICAM-I was observed by the combination of IFN-γ and IL-4 after 24 h of stimulation, which was followed by a reduction at 48 and 72 h. Conversely, IL-4, when added during the IFN-γ activation stage, had no effect on MHC class II antigen expression of keratinocytes; however, the cytokine reduced the expression of these antigens when added 24 h before the stimulation by IFN-γ. These results suggest that IFN-γ and IL-4 may interact to regulate ICAM-1 and HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes.     

CD8+ T cell granzyme B activates keratinocyte endogenous IL-18

IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family involved in Th1/Th2 polarization. IL-18 is produced and stored as an inactive precursor (proIL-18) in several cells including keratinocytes, and thus appropriate processing is required to release its active form. In a previous study using recombinant protein, we demonstrated that granzyme B (GrB) cleaves proIL-18 into its active forms in a similar fashion as caspase-1 and human mast cell chymase. GrB released from cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and NK cells has roles in apoptosis and cytotoxic activity. In certain inflammatory skin diseases with epidermal cell death, the epidermal keratinocytes are targets of CTL and NK cells. However, IL-18 activation during the direct interaction of CTL/NK with keratinocytes has not been described so far. We investigated the interaction between CTL and keratinocytes, and IL-18 processing by CTL-derived GrB using cultured CD8+ T cells and keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. GrB(+)/caspase-1(?) CD8+ T cells cultivated from healthy human PBMC were co-cultured with interferon(IFN)-γ-treated HaCaT cells. The expression of GrB and caspase-1 in HaCaT cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and PCR. The IL-18 concentration in the culture supernatant was measured by specific ELISA. The interaction between HaCaT cells and CTL co-culture increased the number of cytoplasmic GrB-positive HaCaT cells with limited endogenous GrB mRNA expression. The concentration of mature IL-18 levels increased in the co-culture supernatant. GrB from CTLs acts double roles to keratinocytes: a IL-18 converting enzyme and pro-apoptotic factor in the skin inflammatory diseases.     

当归多糖对银屑病患者外周血单一核细胞NF-κB及IFN-γ的影响

目的：确定体外当归多糖对银屑病患者外周血单一核细胞（PBMC）与角质形成细胞（KC）NF-κB表达及IFN-γ分泌的影响.方法：将正常人KC＋银屑病患者PBMC混合培养（A组）,正常人KC和正常人PBMC混合培养作为作对照（B组）.当归多糖作用于两组,采用Western Blot检测混合细胞中NF-κB的蛋白表达水平,双抗体夹心ELISA法检测培养上清液中IFN-γ的水平.结果：A组混合培养体系中NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及上清液中IFN-γ水平明显高于B组（P＜0.01）;经当归多糖作用后,A组混合培养体系中NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及上清液中IFN-γ水平较处理前降低（P＜0.05）,而B培养体系中NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及上清液中IFN-γ水平较处理前升高（P＜0.05）.结论：当归多糖可能通过抑制NF-κB活化、减少IFN-γ分泌,对银屑病治疗发挥作用.     

CpG ODN刺激的寻常性银屑病中性粒细胞培养上清液对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨中性粒细胞在银屑病发病中的作用.方法 采用脂多糖(LPS)或人工合成的CpG ODNs(CpG-A或CpG-B)刺激中性粒细胞,取其培养上清液处理人永生化角质形成细胞株(HaCaT),观察HaCaT细胞株增殖的变化,并通过抗IL-8、抗TNF-α单克隆抗体以及SOD/CAT预处理评价中性粒细胞分泌的炎性因子在银屑病发病中的作用.结果 与RPMI 1640培养液比较,无LPS、CpG-A和CpG-B刺激的正常人和静止期银屑病患者中性粒细胞培养上清液对HaCaT细胞株的增殖无明显促进作用(P＞0.05),而进行期患者中性粒细胞培养上清液明显促进HaCaT细胞株的增殖(t=2.41,P<0.05).与正常人比较,进行期银屑病患者中性粒细胞受LPS、CpG-A和CpG-B刺激后的培养上清液显著增强HacaT细胞的增殖(t值分别为3.11,2.89,2.29,P<0.05).经LPS、CpG-A刺激的中性粒细胞培养上清液与无刺激组比较,均明显促进HaCaT细胞的增殖.与未予阻断剂组比较,予抗IL-8、抗TNF-α单克隆抗体以及SOD/CAT预处理的进行期银屑病组中性粒细胞经LPS、CpG-A和CpG-B刺激后的上清液诱导的HaCaT细胞增殖均显著减少(P<0.05).结论 寻常性银屑病患者外周血中性粒细胞存在炎性因子IL-8、TNF-α和SOD/CAT分泌异常,且这些异常分泌的炎性因子可以促进HaCaT细胞的增殖.     

IL-12对SLE患者PBMC分泌IL-10、IFN-γ的影响

目的　了解白细胞介素 12 (IL 12 )对SLE患者外周血单一核细胞 (PBMC)分泌白细胞介素 10 (IL 10 )、γ 干扰素 (IFN γ)的影响。方法　在培养体系中加入或不加入IL 12 ,观察IL 12对SLE患者及正常对照PBMC分泌IL 10 ,IFN γ的水平变化。结果　IL 12可使SLE患者PBMC分泌IL 10水平降低而使IFN γ水平升高。结论　在体外 ,加入适当的IL 12可部分纠正与SLE发病有关的主要的异常细胞因子格局     

寻常性银屑病患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的功能研究

目的 测定银屑病患者外周血中的CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞功能的改变,探讨调节性T细胞在其发病中的作用。方法 寻常性银屑病患者12例,银屑病面积和严重度指数（PASI）评分15 ～ 34.5分,均为慢性斑块状。健康对照组6例,为健康献血者。通过免疫磁珠体外分离外周血中的CD4+CD25+T细胞和CD4+CD25- T细胞,纯度达90％以上。采用［3H］-脱氧胸腺嘧啶苷方法检测CD4+CD25+ T细胞的增殖和抑制功能,ELISA法测定细胞因子和RT-PCR检测Foxp3 mRNA的表达。结果 多克隆刺激后CD4+CD25+ T细胞无明显增殖,IL-2可逆转此无反应状态。健康对照组CD4+CD25+ T细胞对CD4＋CD25－ T细胞增殖的抑制率可达60％,而银屑病组抑制率仅为19.5％（P < 0.01）。银屑病患者CD4＋CD25－ T细胞单独培养及与CD4＋CD25+ T细胞共培养后,分泌IFN-γ水平分别为（179.66 ± 48.97） ng/L和（109.55 ± 48.04） ng/L,健康对照组分别为（87.36 ± 33.36） ng/L和（32.55 ± 15.69） ng/L,两组比较,P值均 < 0.05;对IFN-γ分泌的抑制率银屑病患者组为40％,健康对照组为63％（P < 0.05）;健康对照组CD4＋CD25+ T细胞和CD4＋CD25－ T细胞单独培养,TGF-β分泌分别为（3025 ± 769） ng/L和（2450 ± 431） ng/L（P < 0.05）。两组之间,无论单独培养或两种细胞共培养,IL-10、TGF-β的分泌差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。CD4+CD25+ T细胞表达高水平的Foxp3, 银屑病患者和健康人对照调节性T细胞和效应T细胞的Foxp3表达相似。结论 银屑病患者外周血中调节性T细胞抑制功能的减弱导致效应T细胞增殖失控,可能参与了银屑病的发病。     

银屑病患者外周血干扰素γ和白介素18的表达

目的 探讨进行期银屑病患者外周血干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和白介素18(IL-18)的表达和相关性,及各型银屑病患者外周血IFN-γ的表达变化。方法 进行期寻常性银屑病20例,红皮病性银屑病19例,脓疱性银屑病10例,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血浆中IFN-γ表达水平;对进行期寻常性银屑病患者,检测血浆中IL-18表达水平;检测葡萄球菌肠毒素(SEB)刺激下,进行期寻常性银屑病患者外周血单一核细胞(PBMC)上清液中IFN-γ和IL-18的表达水平。结果 进行期寻常性银屑病患者血浆IFN-γ水平为8.91±2.65,红皮病性银屑病为10.19±5.93,脓疱性银屑病为17.96±10.44,各型银屑病患者均高于正常人(5.70±2.82)。进行期寻常性银屑病患者血浆IL-18水平高于正常人。进行期寻常性银屑病患者PBMC在SEB刺激组IFN-γ和IL-18表达水平均高于空白对照组,且IFN-γ与IL-18表达水平呈显著正相关,r=0.55,P<0.05。结论 在银屑病的发病和进展中,检测IFN-γ的表达量,对早期判断银屑病病情进展、转归和治疗效果有指导意义。IL-18表达增高,推测IL-18可能也参与银屑病发病。     

特应性皮炎患者外周血外泌体调控HaCaT细胞活化及炎症的研究

目的：明确特应性皮炎（AD）患者外周血中外泌体对角质形成细胞(KC)的活化及炎症的影响。方法：检测我院AD患者和健康人的外周血样本并分离血浆中外泌体，每组各30例。首先将0 g/L、20 g/L、40 g/L、80 g/L蛋白浓度的正常人-外泌体分别与人角质形成细胞系HaCaT细胞共培养，采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞的增殖情况，采用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测各组细胞的凋亡情况，确定外分泌体最佳实验浓度。然后将最佳浓度的外泌体与AD患者KC细胞共培养，利用荧光定量-PCR检测AD-外泌体组、正常人-外泌体组和空白对照组细胞的活化（K16）、分化（K10、IVL）、炎症指标（TSLP、IL-25、IL-33、CXCL1、CXCL2）。结果：较其他浓度，40 g/L浓度下正常人-外泌体的HaCaT细胞增殖率最低，凋亡率最高，为最佳实验浓度。与对照组和正常人-外泌体组比较，AD-外泌体组中K16、K10、IVL、TSLP、IL-25、IL-33、CXCL2表达上调（P<0.05），CXCL1表达水平无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：AD患者外周血外泌体可以促进KC的分化、活化及炎症因子的分泌，从而参与AD的发生发展。     

银屑病患者骨髓CD34+细胞体外定向分化的T细胞活性研究

目的 研究有家族发病倾向的银屑病患者骨髓CD34⁺细胞体外定向发育的T细胞活性.方法 免疫磁珠法分离家族史阳性银屑病患者及正常对照骨髓CD34⁺细胞,在骨髓基质细胞条件培养液构建的微环境下,在胸腺基质细胞的支持下,使其在体外向T细胞定向分化,免疫磁珠法收集CD3⁺T细胞,流式细胞仪检测CD4⁺CD8^-细胞及CD4^-CD8⁺细胞比例.分别采用MTT法及ELISA法检测自然增殖组及链球菌超抗原刺激后T细胞增殖活性及分泌细胞因子水平.结果 ①经骨髓CD34⁺细胞定向分化并扩增的CD3⁺T细胞中可检测到CD4⁺CD8^-、CD4^-CD8⁺T细胞,且银屑病患者组与正常对照组CD4⁺CD8^-及CD4^-CD8⁺T细胞比例无显著差异.②银屑病患者骨髓CD34⁺细胞定向分化的T细胞自然增殖组及链球菌超抗原刺激组增殖活性均显著高于正常人对照组.③银屑病患者T细胞自然增殖组培养上清白介素4、白介素8及干扰素γ与正常对照组差异无统计学意义,链球菌超抗原刺激后白介素4表达水平无显著改变,而白介素8及干扰素γ水平却显著高于正常人.结论 有家族发病倾向的银屑病患者外周血T细胞活性异常可能与骨髓造血细胞相关.     

Chemotaxis of freshly separated and cultured human keratinocytes

It is generally accepted that keratinocyte migration plays a critical role in the process of wound healing. A study was therefore made of the migratory response of freshly separated and cultured human keratinocytes to factors with chemotactic properties for a variety of cells. Interleukin-lα (IL-lα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were tested for their chemotactic effectiveness in a modified Boydcn chamber assay. IFN-γ, IL-lα and IL-8 were demonstrated to serve as chemoattractants for freshly separated keratinocytes. For cultured cells, however, only IFN-γ was found to display chemotactic properties. The findings demonstrate that there is significant difference between the chemotactic behaviour of freshly separated and cultured cells.     

Induction of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Adherence of HTLV-1-Infected T-cells to Cultured Keratinocytes

Cutaneous lesions of T-cell proliferative disorders are characterized by epidermotropic infiltration of the neoplastic cells and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and HLA-DR by lesional keratinocytes. Using cloned HTLV-1-infected T-cells obtained from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), we have studied immunobiological activities of cytokines released from the T-cell lines and their ability to adhere to cultured keratinocytes. Three out of the five CD-4-positive, HTLV-1-infected T-cell clones secreted both IFN-γ and IL-4, similar to murine Th0 clones. The other two clones did not produce such cytokines. ICAM-1 and HLA-DR molecules were induced on cultured normal human keratinocytes and organ-cultured skin specimens by co-cultivation with IFN-γ-producing T-cell clones or their culture supernatants. Induction of both molecules was markedly inhibited by pretreatment of the supernatants with excess amounts of anti-IFN-γ monoclonal antibody. The number of cells adherent to the normal cultured keratinocytes was greater in the IFN-γ-producing clones than in the non-producing ones. These data suggest that some HTLV-1-infected clones produce cytokines, including IFN-γ, which in turn induce ICAM-1 on keratinocytes, thereby enhancing the ability of the T-cell clones to adhere to the keratinocytes.     

Effect of gamma-interferon on IL-1 alpha, beta and receptor antagonist production by normal human keratinocytes

Abstract In inflammatory dermatoses. activated T cells produce inter-feron-gamma (IFN-γ), which interacts with keratinocytes and contributes to the direct activation of these cells by inducing, among other factors, the expression of HLA-DR antigens and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. However, the action of IFN-γ on epidermal cell cytokine production is not known. Our aim was to assess the effect of IFN-γ on the production of IL-1 by normal human keratinocytes cultured in low calcium medium (MCDB153). In comparison with controls, the addition of nontoxic IFN-yγ concentrations (50-500 U/ml) to cell cultures induced a significant increase of IL-1α and IL-1β production predominantly after 100 U/ml treatment in the cell extracts as well as in the supernatants at 24h and 48h. The production of the antagonist. IL-1RA, was also enhanced and the effect of the critical concentration (100 U/ml) was more evident. However, the absence of a characteristic dose response could not be explained by an antiproliferative effect of high IFN-γ concentrations (250 and 500 U/ml) on cultured keratinocytes or by the induction of the nuclear stress protein, Hsp72. two phenomena known to down-regulate IL-1 biosynthesis. In conclusion, the modifications in keratinocyte IL-1 production under IFN-γ stimulation can contribute to activate the epidermal cells and thus involve them in the local immune response.