中学生艾滋病健康教育方法探索及同伴教育干预

目的 对同伴教育以及参与式教学法在中学生艾滋病健康教育中的应用效果进行评价,探索艾滋病预防和控制的有效方式.方法 抽取我县10所学校的2 000名学生作为研究对象,通过问卷调查了解中学生艾滋病健康教育现状和需求,开展相关教育干预措施,对比干预前后学生的有关艾滋病知识、态度、行为和观念(KABP)调查结果和知晓率,对实施效果进行评价.结果 开展同伴教育与参与式教学活动各17次,学生的KABP评分由干预前的(18.92±1.0)分提高至干预后的(25.98±2.6)分,学生对艾滋病防治知识的知晓率从干预前的72.80％提高至干预后的96.20％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 同伴教育和参与式教学对提升中学生艾滋病健康教育中应用效果突出,值得推广.     

中学生结核病防治相关知识抽样调查分析

目的分析中学生对于结核病防治知识的知晓情况,对其中的问题进行针对性分析。方法收集收集3所中学中的300例中学生,每所中学各100例。对所有的中学生均实施结核病防治知识的问卷调查,对结核病防治的知晓率、得分进行调查。结果本次研究中显示,300例中学生对结核病诊治和危害的知晓率较低,为23%。结核病防治知识的问卷调查得分为(55.69±11.74)分,处于较低水平。其中6%的学生表示自己在确诊结核病后会隐瞒病情。另有67%的学生表示从未主动了解和学习过结核病知识。有97%的学生认为学校有必要开展结核病防治知识的专门讲座。结论当前我国中学生的结核病防治相关知识显得较为薄弱,疾病控制部门需要和学校开展合作,改善结核病防治知识的教育。     

中学生结核病知识现况调查

目的:了解中山市中学生对结核病知识的知晓情况,为针对性地开展本地学生结核病防治宣教工作提供科学的依据。方法:以在校的770名中学生为调查对象,采用问卷的形式,当场填写并收回,比较城市、城郊、农村中学生对相关知识的认识。结果:中学生结核病基本知识知晓率总体较高,最高为市区学生74.47%,农村学生最低,为70.6%。且农村、城郊、市区学生之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:开展中学生等重点人群结核病健康教育,普及结核病知识,促进学生的知-信-行,提高学生的认知水平和个人防范意识。     

深圳市宝安区中学生结核病防治知信行现状研究

目的 了解深圳市宝安区中学生结核病防治知信行现况,为制订学校结核病防治策略提供理论依据,为今后评价健康教育效果提供基线资料.方法 自行设计调查问卷,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取10所学校的3056名学生进行调查.采用SPSS18.0对数据进行统计描述和 χ2检验.多个样本率间的多重比较采用χ2分割法.结果 中学生结核病防治知识总知晓率为74.03％,不同户籍、年级和是否接受过健康教育的学生总知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).愿意了解有关预防结核病的知识和参加结核病相关宣传活动的学生分别占97.16％ 和96.08％;41.42％ 的学生选择更关心结核病患者,更关心患者态度持有率在不同性别、学校性质和是否接受过健康教育的学生之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).学生对结核病总体正向行为率为79.85％,不同学校性质、年级和是否接受过健康教育的学生结核病总体正向行为率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 深圳市宝安区中学生结核病防治知识知晓率偏低,正向态度和行为持有率有待进一步提高.     

重庆库区中学校园结核防治同伴教育与传统教育干预效果评价与比较

目的通过探索同伴教育在库区中学校园结核病防治领域的应用并且与传统健康教育方式比较,为国家制定进一步干预策略提供理论依据。方法随机选定库区三所中学作为研究对象,分别为对照组、同伴教育组和传统教育组。于干预后1个月进行效果评价和比较。结果评价结果显示同伴教育组和传统教育组知识、态度、行为评分均明显高于自身干预前和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。同伴教育组与传统教育组结核病防治知识、态度得分比较差异无统计学意义;传统教育组行为得分高于同伴教育组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论不同形式的健康教育均能达到有效提高和改善中学生群体结核病防治知识、态度、行为的效果,建议根据学校自身条件和受教育对象特点决定具体的教育方式。     

结核病防治知识健康教育在学校结核病控制中的作用研究

探讨结核病防治与健康促进策略对学校结核病控制的影响,为更好地开展学校结核病健康教育的促进工作提供依据。对学校结核病防治的教育工作进行分析,通过多样性分层并且目的性抽样与随机抽样,对我市一学校进行问卷调查工作,并对学校负责人和21名教师展开访问工作。结果显示,教师与学生在问卷调查中对防治结核病知识的正确掌握率为男生37.2%,女生34.5%,教师42.1%。98.6%的教师没有接受过较全面的结核病健康教育等方面的培训工作,79.0%的教师从未接受过任何结核病防治的健康教育知识。这一结果主要由于学校的结核病健康教育史缺乏教学教材和培训,导致学校结核病的健康教育受重视程度不高,障碍学生们对于健康知识及生理知识的认知。总结结核病防治经验,促进学校的结核病防控工作的同时,传播结核病防治知识,对提高中学生结核病防治相关知识有重要作用,需要各个部门配合,更需要教育部门的配合工作,完善结核病防治教育在学校的能力建设、解决多种结核病防治工作的教育资源问题、投入更多资源建设防治结核病的健康教育机构,在学校结核病控制工作中起到至关重要的作用。     

对我镇中学生开展结核病健康教育及其效果的调查研究

目的 通过广泛开展结核病健康教育活动,培养中学生防范结核病的自觉性和提高他们普及宣传结核病知识的能力.方法 运用专题讲座及直接对话等形式,对560名中学生开展了结核病防治知识的健康教育.结果 经过专题健康教育后,学生结核病防治知识回答率显著高于健康教育前(P＜0.01),说明对中学生开展结核病专题讲座效果显著.结论 应定期对中学生开展结核病防治知识的专题讲座.普及结核病防治知识,转变中学生对结核病的认知、行为和态度.     

长沙市天心区居民结核病防治知信行现状及知信行关系分析

目的 了解长沙市天心区居民结核病防治的知识、信念和行为现状,重点探讨知信行相互关系,以便有针对性地开展结核病防治工作.方法 采用多级系统抽样方法,对长沙市天心区12～65岁的常住居民进行结核病防治知信行问卷调查;应用X2检验和四象限分析法分析知信行的现状及相互关系.结果 调查问卷合格率为99.4％,共调查居民1 073名,结核病防治知识知晓率为60.6％,正确态度持有率为29.1％,正确行为持有率为75.9％,不同特征人群知晓率存在显著差异,农村居民,低年龄、低文化、商业/工人、学生及无业偏低.四象限分析结果显示知识、态度和行为存在交叉重叠的关系,落在第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ象限的人群比例分别为43.0％(明星类产品)、32.9％、13.4％(瘦狗类产品)和10.7％.结论 天心区居民的结核病防治核心信息知晓率水平偏低,明星类产品比例不高,应有针对性地开展结核病健康教育,重点对象是农村居民,低年龄、低文化、商业/工人、学生及无业,促进人们的态度和行为的改变.     

结核病防治知识健康教育在结核病控制中价值分析

目的:探讨结核病防治知识健康教育在结核病控制中的应用价值。方法:选取某社区500名居民作为本次研究对象,予以其为期2个月的结核病防治知识健康教育,以问卷调查方式对研究对象干预前后的结核病相关防治知识掌握程度及相关行为正确率展开调查分析。结果:500名居民干预前对结核病相关防治知识掌握率为28.4%(142/500),干预后掌握率为97.6%(488/500),两者比较差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05);干预后研究对象的结核病相关行为正确率明显较干预前有所提高(P0.05)。结论:有效开展结核病防治知识健康教育能够显著提高人群对疾病防治知识的了解程度,提高相关行为正确率,对结核病发生和传播的有效控制具有重要意义。     

重庆市社区医务人员使用抗生素知-信-行及教育需求调查

目的:了解重庆市社区医务人员使用抗生素知识、态度、行为现状及健康教育需求,为有针对性的实施健康教育提供参考依据。方法:采用简单随机抽样对重庆市8家社区卫生服务中心200名医务人员采用自填式问卷调查。结果:社区医务人员使用抗生素相关知识平均分为(14.94±2.15)分,使用抗生素相关态度平均分为(19.68±1.51)分,使用抗生素相关行为平均分为(45.24±2.80)。KAP(知-信-行)平均得分为(78.97±6.20)分,社区医务人员获得相关知识的主要途径为医院岗位培训或继续教育(29.67%)。社区医务人员愿意接受多形式的培训方式,包括专家讲座(25.94%)、针对性互动教育(24.64%)等。结论:重庆市社区医务人员对抗生素使用相关知识有所了解,但存在不足;需针对社区医务人员的健康教育需求,在社区开展不同形式的健康教育活动和培训,以提高其整体知识水平,减少社区滥用抗生素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.