高频彩色多普勒超声检查浅表软组织肿块的应用价值

目的：探讨高频超声及彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）对浅表软组织肿块的诊断价值。方法：对217例经病理证实的浅表软组织肿块的二维声像图及彩色多普勒血流显像进行分析。结果：217例中良性病变179例,恶性病变38例。超声对病变的检出率为100%,准确率为94.0%（204/217）。良恶性肿物的血流动力学参数Vmax、RI有显著性差异。结论：高频超声及彩色多普勒血流显像对浅表软组织肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定的临床价值。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的参考价值

目的分析良、恶性甲状腺结节的彩色多普勒超声表现,以提高超声诊断和鉴别诊断良、恶性甲状腺结节的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术、病理明确诊断的157个良、恶性甲状腺结节的彩色多普勒超声表现,良、恶性结节的形态、回声、钙化特点、彩色多普勒血流图血流信号分布等。结果157个甲状腺结节经病理诊断,其中 90个为良性结节,67个为恶性结节;本组病例彩色多普勒超声检查的特异性为92.2%,敏感性为80.6%,诊断符合率为87.2%;彩色多普勒超声图像显示甲状腺良、恶性结节的形态、边界、包膜、回声、血流信号分布、内部钙化情况、血流阻力指数值比较,差异比较均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论彩色多普勒超声可诊断甲状腺病变,依据重要的参考指标,可评价甲状腺结节的良、恶性。     

彩色多普勒超声在涎腺肿物诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨超声检查在涎腺肿物定性诊断中的作用价值。方法选取我院诊治120例涎腺肿物患者为本实验分析对象,将手术后病理诊断结果定为金标准,在回顾性分析良恶性肿物患者超声图像特点的同时,分析超声定性的准确性、灵敏性以及特异性。结果良性肿物的超声检查图像特征为:形态规则、直径多超过3cm、边界清晰,包膜完整、活动度良好、内部回声均匀,彩色多普勒多未见明显血流或仅有少量血流;恶性肿物超声检查图像特征为:形态不规则、直径多3cm、边界不清、包膜不完整或无包膜、活动度差,彩色多普勒多可见大量血流信号;超声诊断良恶性涎腺肿物的准确率均达80%,诊断恶性肿物的灵敏性以及特异性分别为64.71%和95.34%。结论高频彩色超声能够较为清晰的现实涎腺肿物的图像特征和血流信号,鉴别肿物良恶性的准确性、灵敏性和特异性均较高,可以作为临床涎腺肿物定性诊断的首选手段。     

乳腺良恶性肿块的高频彩色多普勒超声分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒多参数分析对乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断的价值。材料和方法:应用高频彩色多普勒对96例104个乳腺实质肿块进行扫查,观察肿块的彩色多普勒血流信号及多普勒血流频谱形态,与手术病理结果对照分析。结果:64.4%的良性肿块可检出血流信号,血流信号多为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,良性肿块中血流频谱以低阻力搏动型及静脉型多见,91.1%的乳腺恶性肿块可检出血流信号,血流信号多为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,恶性肿块的血流频谱形态较多样化,即同时有多种血流频谱,且以高阻力搏动型和湍流型为多见。结论:高频彩色多普勒超声多参数综合分析有助于临床对乳腺肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

超声对桥本甲状腺炎良恶结节的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨灰阶超声在桥本甲状腺炎背景下鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的价值。方法超声检查结合病理（包括穿刺活检及术后病理）检查结果回顾性分析我院2010年1月-2013年6月桥本甲状腺炎伴发良性结节患者（56例）和伴发恶性结节（16例）共72个结节（每例患者重点评估1个结节）的超声表现特征。结果桥本甲状腺炎背景下72个甲状腺结节中：77.8%为良性（56/72）,22.2%为恶性（12/72）,恶性结节均为甲状腺乳头状癌,多表现为单发,低回声,不规则形,边界不清,内部回声分布不均,更易发现点状钙化及后方回声衰减;良性结节易多发、部分为高回声,具有低回声晕,多无钙化。良恶性结节发生的甲状腺实质背景类型构成比间有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。在彩色多普勒特征分析中,多数良恶性结节均表现为少许血流信号,两者差异无统计学意义。结论灰阶超声对桥本甲状腺炎背景下甲状腺良恶性结节具有良好的鉴别诊断价值。     

彩色多普勒超声对诊断乳腺疾病的前瞻性研究

作者用彩色多普勒超声检查了１０４例乳腺病变，发现恶性病变血流信号丰富，５６％为＋＋＋～＋＋＋＋级，良性病变血流信号较少，９０％为０～＋＋级。６５％的恶性病灶血管数≥３条，８７％的良性病变最多可有２条供应血管。良恶性病变的收缩期血流峰值分别为０．２４±０．２０ｍ／ｓ和０．３４±０．２２ｍ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；阻力指数分别为０．６４±０．１４和０．７７±０．０９（Ｐ＜０．００１）。把病灶的形态、血流多少与脉冲多普勒频谱分析结果结合起来，对诊断乳癌的敏感性、特异性和正确诊断率分别达到９６．６％、９５．６％和９６．２％。并对乳腺Ｘ线摄影、二维超声及彩色多普勒超声的优缺点和临床应用进行了讨论。     

彩色多普勒超声Finkler评分系统联合血清肿瘤标志物在儿童卵巢肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声Finkler评分系统联合血清肿瘤标志物在儿童卵巢肿瘤良恶性中的鉴别诊断价值。方法：选取复旦大学附属儿科医院经术后病理学检查证实的卵巢肿瘤患儿137例,其中恶性卵巢肿瘤32例（恶性组）,良性卵巢肿瘤105例（良性组）,比较两组超声特征、彩色多普勒超声Finkler评分、甲胎蛋白（alpha-fetoprotein,AFP）及神经元特异性烯醇化酶（neuron-specific enolase,NSE）水平;分析彩色多普勒超声Finkler评分、AFP、NSE单独及联合应用对儿童良恶性卵巢肿瘤的诊断效能。结果：两组形态、回声、血流信号,以及彩色多普勒超声Finkler评分、AFP及NSE水平比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。彩色多普勒超声Finkler评分联合AFP、NSE鉴别儿童卵巢肿瘤良恶性的诊断效能均高于单独超声检查或血清学指标的检测,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：彩色多普勒超声Finkler评分联合血清标志物AFP、NSE可明显提高对儿童卵巢肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断的价值。     

彩色多普勒在肝脏占位性病变中的应用价值

肝脏占位性病变分为恶性与良性。因此,一旦发现肝内占位病变,良恶性的鉴别诊断就至关重要,其结果直接决定了治疗的方案及效果。超声诊断是目前肝脏影像学检测的首选方法。彩色多普勒是在二维扫描图像土叠加彩色血流信号,以利于快速评价血流信号的存在及血流方向,以及血管的空间分布,可以为临床提供有价值的诊断依据[1]。本文拟结合本院彩色多普勒的应用状况,探讨血流灌注指数（DPI）、门脉充血指数（PCI）和阻力比（RR）等血流参数在肝脏占位性病变诊断中的价值。     

彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺疾病的诊断价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺疾病的价值。方法：分析了282例甲状腺疾病的彩色多普勒超声表现和结果，并与病理及实验室对照。结果：甲状腺恶性病变诊断符合率为86．3％（19/22），良性病变的诊断符合率为92．6％（241/260）。结论：应用二维声像图特征，结合彩色多普勒及脉冲多普勒血流参数测值，可以做出较准确的诊断。     

彩色多普勒超声血流参数测定在乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:评价彩色多普勒超声血流参数(RI、PI、Vmax)在乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的价值.材料和方法:运用高频彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对408个乳腺肿块进行血流检测,对其中超声检出血流的340个乳腺肿块进行多普勒血流参数测定,比较多普勒血流参数在乳腺良、恶性肿块中的差异并对其诊断敏感性、特异性加以分析.结果:乳腺恶性肿块的RI、PI、Vmax值明显高于良性肿块(P<0.001),以RI≥0.72或PI≥1.3或Vmax≥13cm/s诊断乳腺癌,其敏感性和特异性最高,分别为85.5%和82.9%、80%和83.6%、70.1%和82.7%,其中以RI≥0.72的恶性似然比最高为5.0.彩色多普勒超声与灰阶超声征象相结合可使乳腺恶性肿块的超声诊断敏感性和特异性分别达97.6%和93.9%.结论:彩色多普勒超声血流参数测定对乳腺良、恶肿块的鉴别诊断具有重要的参考价值,与肿块的灰阶声像图征象相结合可明显提高乳腺肿块的超声诊断准确率.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.