三叉神经痛射频热凝后疗效追踪

本文报告１４０例三叉神经痛患者射频治疗的疗效追踪，其中男５７例，女８３例，我们采用经皮选择性半月神经节射频热凝术，术后随访１￣７年，近期有效率９７．１％，复发率５５．９％，其中一年复发率为１７％，一年复发３５％，三年复发４５％。认为经皮半月上节射频热凝术操作简便，安全，疗效肯定。对于反复射频治疗无效者，可酌情行后开颅探查性手术。     

三叉神经痛射频治疗疗效追踪

三叉神经痛射频治疗疗效追踪杨纶先常义陈国志马骏肖安平王铁军王云汉本文报告了１４０例三叉神经痛患者射频治疗的疗效追踪。作者采用经皮选择性半月神经节射频温控热凝术，并对其疗效进行了１～７年的随访。即刻有效率：９７．１％，复发率：５５．９％，其中一年复发率...     

经皮半月神经节射频热凝术治疗三叉神经病325例疗效观察

本文报告经皮半月神经节射频热凝术治疗三叉神经痛325例，有效率为98％。一年后复发率为20％，其中46例经再次手术达到止痛目的。本组病未遇到严重并发症及死亡病例。本文对射频热凝半月神经节的手术方法，优点以及并发症的防治进行了讨论。     

微血管减压术与射频热凝术治疗原发性三叉神经痛效果的比较

目的比较微血管减压术与射频热凝术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析60例原发性三叉神经痛病人的治疗情况,其中微血管减压术治疗组28例,经皮半月神经节射频热凝术治疗组32例,观察比较这两种方法的疗效、并发症及复发情况。结果微血管减压术的治愈率优于射频热凝组;两组的疼痛缓解率无明显差异;两组的并发症发生率及复发率均无明显差异。结论对于原发性三叉神经痛患者,应首选微血管减压术,而射频热凝术尤其适用于老年患者或有开颅手术禁忌症者。     

580例三叉神经痛的射频热凝治疗

本文报道了1980年10月至1990年10月间用经皮选择性半月神经节射频热凝术治疗580例原发性三叉神经痛的经验。总有效率97.1％,一年内复发率10.8％。文章提出了预防并发症的方法。     

高龄三叉神经痛患者射频热凝治疗临床分析(附55例报告)

高龄三叉神经痛患者射频热凝治疗临床分析（附５５例报告）张扬周合生李光群孙华明我科１９９１～１９９６年采用经皮选择性三叉神经半月神经节射频热凝术治疗三叉神经痛病人三百余例，疗效满意，其中７０岁以上高龄患者５５人，占病例总数的１８％，由于高龄病人各器官功...     

经皮选择性半月神经节射频热凝术治疗原发性三叉神经痛80例

原发性三叉神经痛是一种疼痛严重又涉及多个学科的常见病、多发病。由于其病因不明．治疗方法虽多．但复发率高，而射频温控热凝术由于其创伤小、费用低，在临床上受到了患者及医生的青睐．收到了较好的效果。我院于1995年～2003年应用经皮选择性半月神经节射频热凝术治疗三叉神经痛364例，收到较好效果，现将随访到的80例报告如下。     

半月节热凝术治疗三叉神经痛及其疗效的估价

本文报告经皮穿刺半月神经节射频热凝术治疗三叉神经痛100例,有效率为97％.作者认为分枝刺激记录三叉神经体感诱发电位可作为半月节热凝范围与程度的客观指标,对估量疗效、指导补充热凝具有一定参考价值.     

三叉神经痛不同术式疗效分析：附178例报告

目的 :观察比较三叉神经痛三种不同手术方式的疗效。方法 :采用经颞硬膜外三叉神经感觉根切断术 ,经皮三叉神经半月节射频热凝术和三叉神经显微血管减压术治疗 178例患者 ,对其疗效、不良反应和复发率进行评估。结果 :感觉根切断术组 :疗效尚好 ,不良反应中面部感觉障碍发生率较高 ,易误伤运动根 ,也较易复发 ;射频热凝术组 :简单、安全、有效 ,面部感觉障碍发生率较低 ,唯复发率较高 ;血管减压术组 ;疗效肯定 ,不良反应少 ,复发率低 ,但手术风险相对较大。结论 :三叉神经感觉根切断术逐渐少用。射频热凝术适用于年老体弱 ,不能耐受手术及首次外科治疗者。对于射频热凝术后复发者 ,可酌情行显微血管减压术。     

DSA机引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔行射频温控热凝术治疗三叉神经痛

目的 探讨数字血管减影机（DSA机）引导下半月神经节射频温控热凝术治疗三叉神经痛的疗效和安全性。方法 66例患者DSA机引导下准确定位后，在异丙酚全身麻醉下行射频温控热凝治疗，目标温度设定85℃，持续时间均为120s。结果 66例患者穿刺成功率100%，术后疼痛即刻消失率100%，随访5个月～3年3例复发；并发角膜炎2例，头痛5例，并发症发生率0.11%。结论 DSA机引导下半月神经节射频温控热凝术治疗三叉神经痛安全、准确、客观、有效，易于普及。     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

The organization of the connections between the cortex and the claustrum in the monkey

The distribution of labelled cells and of extracellular granules in the claustrum has been studied after injections of horseradish peroxidase in several areas of the neocortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are related to the anterior and posterior halves respectively of the claustrum, and the occipital and temporal cortex to the posterior and inferior margins. Parts of the claustrum related to areas of the cortex in the frontal lobe overlap considerably in the antero-posterior dimension with parts related to widely separated but interconnected areas of the parieto-temporal cortex. Areas of cortex within one lobe which are interconnected are related to parts of the claustrum which overlap in the dorsoventral dimension.     

A projection to the striatum from the medial subdivision of the posterior group of the thalamus in the cat

Injections of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase in the lateral part of the caudate nucleus or the putamen of the cat result in retrograde thalamic cell-labeling in the rostral extension of the medial subdivision of the posterior group (POM). Autoradiography after [³H]amino acid injection of POM reveals a dense and discontinuous distribution of axons in the lateral half of the caudate and putamen concentrated at their middle rostrocaudal levels. This newly discovered thalamostriatal projection of POM may account for somatosensory activity observed in striatal cells.     

Sexual pheromones and the evolution of the reward system of the brain: the chemosensory function of the amygdala

The amygdala of all tetrapod vertebrates receives direct projections from the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, and the strong similarities in the organization of these projections suggest that they have undergone a very conservative evolution. However, current ideas about the function of the amygdala do not pay sufficient attention to its chemosensory role, but only view it as the core of the emotional brain. In this study, we propose that both roles of the amygdala are intimately linked since the amygdala is actually involved in mediating emotional responses to chemical signals. The amygdala is the only structure in the brain receiving pheromonal information directly from the accessory olfactory bulbs and we have shown in mice that males emit sexual pheromones that are innately attractive for females. In fact, sexual pheromones can be used as unconditioned stimuli to induce a conditioned attraction to previously neutral odorants as well as a conditioned place preference. Therefore, sexual pheromones should be regarded as natural reinforcers. Behavioural and pharmacological studies (reviewed here) have shown that the females' innate preference for sexual pheromones is not affected by lesions of the dopaminergic cells of the ventral tegmental area, and that the systemic administration of dopamine antagonists do not alter neither the attraction nor the reinforcing effects of these pheromones. Anatomical studies have shown that the vomeronasal amygdala gives rise to important projections to the olfactory tubercle and the islands of Calleja, suggesting that these amygdalo-striatal pathways might be involved in the reinforcing value of sexual pheromones.     

Evidence for the collateral innervation of the esophagus and the heart from neurons in the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus of the rat

We investigated whether the heart receives collateral projections from the neurons which innervate the esophagus with a retrograde double-labeling method using two fluorescent tracers. Following injections of True Blue (TB) into the esophagus and Diamidino Yellow (DY) into the heart, about 21.9% of the labeled esophageal motoneurons in the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus (AmC) were retrogradely double labeled. No single-labeled cardiac motoneurons were found in the AmC. The present results provide anatomical substrates for the esophagocardiac reflex.     

Role of the paraventricular nucleus in the projection from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the olfactory bulb

Electrophysiological experiments were performed on anesthetized rats to determine the effects of lesions of the paraventricular nucleus on the amplitude of evoked potentials recorded in the periglomerular layer of the olfactory bulb after nucleus of the solitary tract electrical stimulation. Lesions of the paraventricular nucleus enhance the amplitude of both the positive and negative components of the evoked potential in the olfactory bulb. The pathway from the paraventricular nucleus to the olfactory bulb seems to exert a suppressive influence over the projection from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the olfactory bulb under these conditions.     

On the origin of the serotonergic input to the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary

Single stimulations of the vagina and cervix were performed between proestrus and the first day of diestrus with a stimulator designed to grade the intravaginal penetration of a rod. The percent incidence of pseudopregnancy after this stimulation was exponentially related to the extent of intravaginal penetration and was also affected by the stage of the cycle at which the stimulation was performed. At 10.00 h on proestrus, an exponential increase in the incidence of pseudopregnancy was observed with shallow penetrations, while an exponential decrease was found when deeper penetrations were applied. Such negative exponential correlation had disappeared at 22.00 h on proestrus. At that time, also, some responses were elicited by very shallow penetrations (17 mm) and all the animals responded to penetrations of 20 mm or more. Sensitivity to cervicovaginal stimulation at 10.00 h on estrus was lower than that at 22.00 h on proestrus and it was even lower at 10.00 h on the first day of diestrus. The response to 18 mm of penetration was studied every 3 h between 10.00 h on proestrus and 10.00 h on estrus, and then every 12 h until 10.00 h on the first day of diestrus. This stimulation was usually ineffective to induce pseudopregnancy, except for a brief period encompassing the night between proestrus and estrus, when a peak in the incidence of responses was reached. This peak sensitivity could be advanced following the s.c. administration of 250 and 500 ng of LH-RH at 11.00 h on proestrus. Other doses were ineffective. The peptide (500 ng) was unable to induce pseudopregnancy in rats that received no cervicovaginal stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Organization of projections from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus to the basolateral complex of the amygdala in the rat

Mediodorsal thalamic (MD) projections to the basolateral amygdaloid complex of the rat were investigated with the anterograde neuronal tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. Iontophoretic injections were made in distinct subdivisions of the rostral and caudal part of the MD. Both the medial and lateral division of the MD showed a projection to the basolateral complex and there appears to be a topographical organization of the innervation in the rostrocaudal direction: the rostral and caudal part of the MD project to respectively the mid-rostrocaudal and rostral part of the basolateral complex.