苄星青霉素治疗妊娠梅毒致注射部位红肿1例

患者女,24岁,第一胎,怀孕4个月,2010年4月17日来我院检查,经常规检测快速血浆反应素试验（RPR）和梅毒螺旋体血凝试验（TPHA）确诊为早期梅毒,无其他伴随症状,丈夫经化验属早期梅毒,为了避免胎传梅毒的发生,临床治疗给予苄星青霉素240万U／次,分两侧臀部肌注,1次／周,共3周,每次注射前均常规进行青霉素皮试。     

苄星青霉素联合头孢曲松治疗对早期梅毒患者RPR阴转率和血清固定率的影响

目的观察苄星青霉素联合头孢曲松对早期梅毒患者RPR阴转率和血清固定率的影响。方法选取2017年9月-2018年4月湖南省株洲市三三一医院收治的早期梅毒患者70例,采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组各35例。对照组单独采用苄星青霉素治疗,试验组在对照组治疗的基础上联合头孢曲松治疗。比较2组治疗后3、6、12个月RPR阴转率、阴转时间、治疗后血清固定率及治疗前后细胞免疫指标。结果试验组治疗后3、6、12个月RPR阴转率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组血清固定率低于对照组,RPR阴转时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组细胞免疫指标自然肿瘤红细胞花环率(NTER)、红细胞免疫花环率(ATER)、外周血红细胞C3b花环率(RBC-C3bR)、免疫黏附促进因子(FEER)均优于治疗前,且试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论苄星青霉素联合头孢曲松治疗早期梅毒患者效果较好,可提高RPR阴转率,缩短阴转时间,降低血清固定率,值得临床广泛推广。     

草分支杆菌注射液联合苄星青霉素治疗早期梅毒的疗效分析

目的:探讨草分支杆菌注射液联合苄星青霉素在早期梅毒治疗中的作用。方法:将80例早期梅毒患者分为治疗组(草分支杆菌注射液联合苄星青霉素)和对照组(单用苄星青霉素),观察时间6个月。结果:治疗3、6个月时治疗组快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)几何平均滴度低于对照组(P<0.05),治疗6个月治疗组RPR阴转率为40%,对照组为21.2%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:草分支杆菌注射液辅助治疗早期梅毒可以增强苄星青霉素驱梅的疗效。     

普鲁卡因青霉素治疗早期梅毒的疗效

目的分析普鲁卡因青霉素治疗早期梅毒的疗效。方法回顾分析我科应用普鲁卡因青霉素(80万U/d,肌肉注射,1次/d,连续15d)治疗26例早期梅毒患者的临床及血清学疗效。结果普鲁卡因青霉素治疗后1个月,24例显性梅毒患者均临床治愈。2年随访结束时,88.46%的患者达到血清学治愈(23/26);11.54%的患者为血清学固定(3/26)。一期梅毒TRUST滴度在治疗后3个月内下降最显著(P<0.01);二期梅毒TRUST滴度在治疗后9个月内明显下降(P<0.05),其中以治疗后6个月内下降最显著(P<0.01)。结论普鲁卡因青霉素治疗早期梅毒有效。     

苄星青霉素治疗妊娠梅毒致局部红肿一例

<正>患者女,24岁,第1胎,怀孕4个月,2010年4月17日来我院检查,经常规检测快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)和梅毒螺旋体血凝试验(TPHA)确诊为早期梅毒,无其他伴随症状,丈夫经化验属早期梅毒。为了避免胎传梅毒的发生,临床治疗给予苄星青霉素240万U/次,分两侧肌肉注射,1次/周,共     

苄星青霉素治疗男男性行为群体早期梅毒疗效观察

目的：探讨苄星青霉素在男男性行为群体（MSM）早期梅毒中的治疗效果。方法将2008年7月～2013年5月收治的60例MSM早期梅毒患者,随机分配到对照组和观察组,各30例。观察组患者接受苄星青霉素治疗,对照组患者接受阿奇霉素治疗。通过观察临床治愈率和血清治愈率来评定治疗效果。结果两组分别治疗1个疗程后,观察组临床治愈率为93.3%,对照组临床治愈率为66.7%,观察组临床治愈率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者血清快速血浆反应素试验（RPR）转阴情况对比,观察组3个月、6个月、9个月和12个月的RPR转阴率高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论苄星青霉素能够有效治疗MSM早期梅毒患者,是治疗早期梅毒的优选药物。     

早期获得性梅毒规范性治疗的临床分析

目的探讨早期获得性梅毒规范性治疗的临床疗效。方法选择2008年6月至2011年12月收治的早期获得性梅毒患者35例,肌内注射苄星青霉素240万U,每周注射一次,3个月为一个疗程。结果疗程结束后复查RPR,14例患者结果转阴,其余21例RRP滴度有所降低,治疗有效率为40%;治疗后外周血中IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α水平显著下降,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对早期获得性梅毒患者采用规范性治疗能够加快RPR转阴,有利于调控细胞免疫反应的强度。     

头孢曲松钠他唑巴坦钠治疗血清固定梅毒的效果观察

目的观察头孢曲松钠他唑巴坦钠治疗血清固定梅毒的临床效果。方法选取2010年6月～2012年12月本院收治的血清固定梅毒患者44例为研究对象,采用随机分组的方法分为观察组和对照组。观察组22例,给予头孢曲松钠他唑巴坦钠治疗;对照组22例,给予苄星青霉素治疗。治疗3、6个月比较两组患者的效果。结果治疗3个月后．观察组患者总有效率为68．2％,明显高于对照组的40．9％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗6个月后,观察组患者总有效率为81．8％,明显高于对照组的54．5％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论头孢曲松钠他唑巴坦钠治疗血清固定梅毒较苄星青霉素可明显提高治疗效果,有效降低早期梅毒快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验滴度,值得临床推广应用。     

妊娠期梅毒治疗药物对妊娠结局和新生儿预后的影响研究

目的 通过比较苄星青霉素与头孢曲松治疗妊娠期梅毒的效果,观察其妊娠结局及新生儿预后比较,为治疗妊娠期梅毒提供更佳治疗方案.方法 将孕早期及中期确诊妊娠期梅毒患者187例,随机分为试验组85例和对照组102例,孕妇年龄、文化程度、胎次、丈夫感染情况以及RPR滴度无差异,试验组给予头孢曲松1.0 g,1次/d,肌内注射,共10 d治疗,对照组给予苄星青霉素240万U,分两部分给予臀部肌内注射,每周1次,连续3周为1个疗程治疗,孕晚期重复治疗1个疗程.从足月、早产及死胎、死产及新生儿窒息情况观察2组妊娠结局;从新生儿出生后RPR滴度了解新生儿预后;随访其3个月、6个月、12个月、18个月变化,了解其梅毒抗体转阴情况.结果 2组在妊娠结局如早产、死胎及新生儿窒息发生率上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),婴儿梅毒抗体转阴上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),经积极治疗后无死胎发生.结论 头孢曲松钠和青霉素具有对妊娠梅毒同样的治疗效果.     

青霉素与头孢曲松治疗胎传梅毒效果比较及快速梅毒血清反应素试验的诊断价值

目的比较青霉素与头孢曲松治疗胎传梅毒的效果,观察快速梅毒血清反应素试验(RPR)的诊断价值。方法 146例胎传梅毒患儿按青霉素皮试结果,分为青霉素组74例与头孢曲松组72例,分别给予相应治疗。观察两组1、3月龄时RPR、IgM-梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验(IgM-TPPA)转阴率及显性梅毒患儿的临床治愈率。结果①治疗前两组RPR滴度水平接近,差异无统计学意义;1、3月龄时RPR滴度呈逐渐下降趋势,且青霉素组的下降程度更为明显,差异均有统计学意义。②1月龄时青霉素组IgM-TPPA转阴几率为头孢曲松组的2.99倍,3月龄时为头孢曲松组的16.13倍。③两组显性梅毒临床治愈率接近,差异无统计学意义。④RPR滴度为1∶24时是诊断显性梅毒的截断值,提示临床上出现显性梅毒时RPR滴度多超过1∶16。结论 RPR滴度可作为显性胎传梅毒诊断的有效指标;青霉素仍是治疗胎传梅毒安全、有效的首选药物,头孢曲松治疗胎传梅毒尚需进一步的论证研究。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.