全胃切除术后两种消化道重建术式的比较

目的探讨全胃切除术后两种消化道重建术式手术操作时间、病人术后生活质量的影响。方法对2003年1月-2007年6月我院施行全胃切除术的218例病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。全胃切除后消化道重建分别采用P型空肠袢食管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合术（PR法）（A组,96例）和改良空肠间置代胃吻合术（FJI法）（B组,44例）。记录术中消化道重建时间、术后12个月营养状况和胃肠道症状（GSRS）评分等。结果消化道重建术所需时间两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后12个月B组与A组比较,进食量明显增加（P〈0．05）,而GSRS评分降低（P〈0．05）。术后12个月B组体重恢复较A组更佳,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论改良空肠间置代胃吻合术有利于维持病人术后生活质量,在每天进食量及体重恢复方面改良空肠间置代胃吻合术优于P型空肠袢食管空肠Rottx—en—Y吻合术。     

间置空肠P袢在全胃切除术中的应用

目的探讨全胃切除术中间置空肠P袢消化道重建的效果。方法对30例符合全胃切除术条件的患者施行全胃切除、间置空肠P袢消化道重建。观察术后症状、术前术后体重、进食量、血浆营养参数（血浆总蛋白、血红蛋白）、全血细胞计数、预后营养指数（PNI）以及钡餐造影。结果本组无手术死亡，无腹腔感染及吻合口瘘。术后进食量、体重恢复快，血浆营养参数和PNI较高，钡餐检查P型空肠袢充盈良好，未见明显反流。结论全胃切除间置空肠P袢符合解剖生理规律，并发症少，代胃效果理想。     

胃癌全胃切除术后三种消化道重建方法对比研究

目的:探讨胃癌全胃切除术后理想的消化道重建方式。方法:对98例胃癌患者按全胃切除术后消化道重建方式的不同,分为Lahey+Braun式食管空肠端侧吻合术（Ⅰ组,n=34)、P型空肠袢食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术（Ⅱ组,n=28）及改良功能性空肠间置代胃术（Ⅲ组,n=36)。比较3种术式患者术后并发症发生率及营养指标。结果:Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组术后患者的营养状况均明显优于Ⅰ组,P<0．05;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组术后并发症也明显少于Ⅰ组,P<0．05。Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组患者的营养指标变化和术后并发症相比,除体重外均无明显差异,P>0．05。结论:全胃切除后P型空肠袢Roux-en-Y吻合术和改良功能性空肠间置代胃重建方式较Lahey+Braun式食管空肠端侧吻合术为胃癌行全胃切除消化道重建较理想的术式,更有利于患者的营养恢复及减少术后并发症发生率。     

胃癌全胃切除术三种消化道重建方式的对比分析

目的探讨比较胃癌全胃切除术3种消化道重建方式的优缺点。方法 2000年1月至2009年12月对68例患者施行全胃切除术,消化道重建方式分别为Lahey+Braun式食管空肠端侧吻合术(Ⅰ组,n=46)、P型空肠袢食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术(Ⅱ组,n=12)及改良功能性空肠间置代胃术(Ⅲ组,n=10),探讨3种消化道重建方式的优缺点。结果Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组术后患者的营养状况均明显优于Ⅰ组,均P<0.05;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组术后并发症也明显少于Ⅰ组,均P<0.05。Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组患者的营养指标变化和术后并发症相比,除体重外均无明显差异,P>0.05。结论全胃切除后P型空肠袢Roux-en-Y吻合术和改良功能性空肠间置代胃重建方式较Lahey+Braun式食管空肠端侧吻合术更有利于患者的营养恢复及减少术后并发症发生率。     

全胃切除后消化道重建的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的　探讨全胃切除术后消化道重建的合理术式。方法　以 12例健康人为对照 ,对12 0例胃癌行全胃切除后 ,随机按食管空肠Roux y吻合 (A组 )、食管空肠“P”袢 +Roux y吻合 (B组 )、食管空肠Hunt Lawrence吻合 (C组 )及食管空肠原位间置代胃术 (D组 )等 4种术式行消化道重建 ,并比较其术后生活质量、预后营养指标 (PNI)指数、体重、血液营养学指标、胃肠激素水平、免疫功能 ,并以此判断各术式的优劣。结果　D组在PNI指数、体重变化和血液营养学指标上均优于A、B、C组(P <0 .0 5 ) ;D组餐后 30min胆囊收缩素 (CCK)水平及NK细胞、CD4 细胞、CD8细胞以及CD4 CD8值与对照组相似 ,亦均优于A、B、C组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,差异有具著性。结论　食管空肠原位间置代胃术是一较合理的消化道重建术式。其空肠“P”字型构造具有代胃的功能 ;食糜通过十二指肠刺激CCK等胃肠激素的分泌 ,有利于消化及营养的吸收 ;仅切断一端空肠以及适度大小的代胃 ,保持了空肠及系膜原来的连系 ,既简化了手术 ,又保证了间置代胃空肠的血运 ,吻合口无缺血坏死之忧。     

改良袢型与P袢型空肠代胃在全胃切除术后消化道重建中的对照研究

目的比较改良袢型与P袢型空肠代胃在全胃切除术消化道重建中的临床疗效。方法2005年2月至2010年11月进行了全胃切除术的胃癌和贲门癌患者88例,其中47例采用改良袢型消化道重建,41例采用P袢型空肠代胃吻合进行消化道重建,比较两种重建术后并发症,患者营养状况及生活质量。结果改良袢型组与P袢型空肠代胃组患者相比,消化道重建的手术时间、术后并发症发生率及病死率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);患者倾倒综合征和反流性食管炎的发生率更低;总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白及营养评定指数均高于P袢型空肠代胃组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论改良袢型消化道重建术式能更有效减少并发症的发生,改善患者的营养状况,提高术后生活质量。     

全胃切除功能性间置空肠代胃术72例临床分析

目的：探讨功能性间置空肠代胃消化道重建在全胃切除术后的应用价值.方法：回顾性分析2006年1月-2011年12月施行全胃切除功能性间置空肠代胃术72例患者的临床资料.结果：全组无手术死亡和吻合口瘘发生.随访12个月至24个月,部分病例出现轻度反流性食管炎,代胃容量300ml以上,排空时间30-100min.术后生活质量有所提高.结论：功能性间置空肠代胃术是一种安全可靠、效果满意的消化道重建手术方式.     

全胃切除间置空肠"n"型袢代胃术

全胃切除间置空肠“ｎ”型袢代胃术浙江省天台县人民医院（天台县３１７２００）袁迪生全胃切除，消化道重建的方式有多种，我院自１９９４年起，自行设计间置空肠“ｎ”型袢代胃术，提高了胃癌病人的术后生活质量，现报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料本组胃腺癌１２例...     

全胃切除缺8字空肠袢代胃术(附16例临床分析)

目的:分析全胃切除缺8字空肠袢代胃术的临床疗效.方法:对本院2002年5月至2005年12月间实施的16例全胃切除手术后行缺8字吻合重建消化道的病例作回顾性总结.结果:本组经腹行全胃切除术16例,全部采用缺8字吻合重建消化道,手术后均恢复良好,无手术死亡,肺部并发症1例,无吻合口瘘及返流性食管炎发生.结论:缺8字吻合操作方便,代胃的空间大,也有利于防止返流性食管炎,不失为一种较为理想的全胃切除术后消化道重建术式.     

全胃切除缺8字空肠袢代胃术（附16例临床分析）

目的:分析全胃切除缺8字空肠袢代胃术的临床疗效。方法:对本院2002年5月至2005年12月间实施的16例全胃切除手术后行缺8字吻合重建消化道的病例作回顾性总结。结果:本组经腹行全胃切除术16例,全部采用缺8字吻合重建消化道,手术后均恢复良好,无手术死亡,肺部并发症1例,无吻合口瘘及返流性食管炎发生。结论:缺8字吻合操作方便,代胃的空间大,也有利于防止返流性食管炎,不失为一种较为理想的全胃切除术后消化道重建术式。     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.     

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Summary Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO-1, vimentin, keratin and ₁ and ₄ integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in anin vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in thein vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best within vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D_CO, the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.