松龄血脉康胶囊对原发性高血压患者动态血压相关指标的影响：随机单盲对照试验

目的：在联合使用钙离子拮抗剂及血管紧张素受体拮抗剂的基础上加用中成药,观察其对24h动态血压监测相关指标的影响,评价降压效应及降压稳定性。方法：将70例初诊为原发性高血压或有原发性高血压病史但服药无规律或未正规服药,就诊时血压分级为2～3级的患者随机分为常规降压组（常规组）和常规降压加松龄血脉康组（松龄血脉康组）,每组各35例。常规组口服左旋氨氯地平片2．5mg,联合替米沙坦片40mg,1次／d。松龄血脉康组在常规组治疗的基础上加服松龄血脉康胶囊1．5g,3次／d。疗程均为2周。治疗前后分别进行24h动态血压监测,并进行谷峰比值、平滑指数等指标的计算和血压晨峰的判定。结果：两组治疗后24h、白昼及夜间平均收缩压和收缩压负荷值均低于治疗前（P〈0．05）,常规降压加松龄血脉康的降压效果优于常规降压（P〈0．05）。常规降压加松龄血脉康能降低舒张压,而常规降压对舒张压的影响不明显。常规降压加松龄血脉康降压的同时能减慢心率,常规降压则对心率影响不明显。松龄血脉康组谷峰比值高于常规降压组（P〈0．05）,两组平滑指数比较,差异无统计学意义。两组治疗后血压晨峰现象均得到改善（P〈0．05）,常规降压加松龄血脉康对血压晨峰现象的改善程度优于常规降压（P〈0．05）。结论：在联合使用左旋氨氯地平片和替米沙坦片的基础上加用中成药松龄血脉康胶囊,能更有效地降低心率和血压,特别是收缩压和收缩压负荷值,降压效应的平稳性更高,维持时间更长,还能有效控制血压晨峰现象。     

依那普利对高血压病患者降压作用及其对血胰岛素水平的影响

目的探讨依那普利对高血压病患者的降压作用及其对胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法对38例高血压病患者和18例健康对照者行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,测定其血糖和血胰岛素水平,计算其释放曲线下面积,并于38例高血压病患者接受依那普利降压治疗4WK后,进行相同检测。结果治疗前,两组空腹血糖无明显差别;依那普利治疗后,患者血压明显下降,且高血压病组空腹血胰岛素和服糖后血糖、血胰岛素及其释放曲线下面积,均显著高于对照组。依那曾利治疗4WK后,糖耐量试验显示,糖负荷后1h、2h的血糖和释放曲线下面积、空腹与糖负荷后各点的血胰岛素和释放曲线下面积均较治疗前显著降低。结论高血压病患者存在糖耐量降低、高胰素血症和胰岛素抵抗。依那普利能够降低高血压病患者血胰岛素水平,具有改善其胰岛素抵抗的作用。     

辛伐他汀对高血压病患者血压与C反应蛋白的影响

目的研究他汀类药物的降脂外效应,对血压及C反应蛋白的影响。方法随机选择2007-02—20094）2因高血压病住院的患者68例,其中男性46例,女性22例,年龄（66．2±7．6）岁,随机分为两组：治疗组34例,给予培哚普利＋苯磺酸氨氯地平联合降压的基础上加用辛伐他汀;对照组34例,使用培哚普利＋苯磺酸氨氯地平,治疗4周,观察两组血脂、血压及C反应蛋白变化情况。结果（1）治疗组总胆固醇、甘油三脂及低密度脂蛋白、胆固醇明显低于对照组;（2）治疗组血压降低幅度明显低于对照组;（3）治疗组C反应蛋白明显低于对照组。结论辛伐他汀可以降低高血压病患者的血压,同时降低其血清C反应蛋白的水平。     

血脂控制对原发性高血压患者血压变异性及冠脉事件的影响

目的:探讨血脂控制对原发性高血压患者血压变异性及冠脉事件的影响.方法:以本院2015年1月~2016年8月诊治的158例原发性高血压患者为研究对象,根据血脂控制情况将其分为A(血脂正常)、B(血脂异常)两组,测定比较两组血脂指标、血压变异指标及冠脉事件发生率,并通过Pearson相关性分析血脂水平与血压变异性相关指标的关系.结果:A组患者TC、TG、LDL-C、24hSBPSD、24hDBPSD、24hSBPCV、dSBPCV、nSBPCV、nDBPCV均显著低于B组,HDL-C水平显著高于B组,两组比较差异有统计学意义;A组冠脉事件发生率为16.00%,显著低于B组的33.73%;Pearson相关性分析显示24hSBPSD、24hDBPSD、24hSBPCV、dSBPCV、nSBPCV、nDBPCV与TC、TG显著正相关,24hDBPSD、24hSBPCV与LDL-C显著正相关,24hSBPSD、24hDBPSD与HDL-C显著负相关.结论:血脂异常影响原发性高血压患者血压变异性,增加冠脉事件发生几率,需加强血脂控制以维持患者血压及血压变异性稳定,减少冠脉事件发生.     

高血压微量蛋白尿患者的动态血压分析

目的 了解高血压微量蛋白尿患者动态血压特点。方法 用放免法测定所有患者的尿微量白蛋白,根据结果将高血压患者分为微量蛋白尿组和无微量蛋白尿组。所有患者行24h动态血压监测。结果 高血压微量蛋白尿患者昼夜节律消失率、24hSBP、NSBP、24hPP、NPP、NMBP明显高于单纯高血压组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而DSBP、24hDBP、DDBP、NDBP、DPP、24hMBP、DMBP差异则无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 高血压微量蛋白尿患者正常的杓型动态血压节律消失较明显,收缩压负荷、夜间收缩压升高明显,收缩压在早期肾损伤具有更重要的作用。ABPM在评价高血压肾脏靶器官损害方面有较好的预测价值。靶器官损害与血压节律异常可能有一定关系。     

老年原发性高血压患者血压变异性及其对血管内皮功能的影响

目的 探讨老年高血压病患者血压波动的程度及其对血管内皮细胞功能的影响.方法 随机选择2009年1月～2012年12月上海市浦东新区浦南医院年龄≥60岁的老年高血压患者65例（高血压组）和老年健康体检者52例（对照组）,以动态血压监测仪监测24 h血压变化,检测血浆血浆血管性血友病因子（vWF）、一氧化氮（NO）和内皮素-1（ET-1）水平.结果 高血压组昼间、夜间及24h收缩压变异性显著高于对照组（P=0.000）;高血压组血浆vWF水平显著高于对照组[（820.1±108.2）U/L比（648.4±128.3）U/L,P=0.000],ET-1水平明显高于对照组[（99.6±12.3）ng/L比（80.1±10.9）ng/L,P=0.000],而NO水平明显低于对照组[（42.0±6.6） μmol/L比（52.8±8.4） μmol/L,P=0.000],老年高血压组血浆vWF水平与24h收缩压变异性呈现显著正相关（r=0.518,P=0.006）.结论 老年高血压病患者血压变异性显著增高,并伴有血浆vWF、ET-1水平升高,提示内皮功能损害.     

天麻素注射液对老年难治性高血压患者血压和血管活性物质影响的随机对照研究

目的：检测并比较老年难治性高血压患者血浆内皮素（endothelin，ET）和一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）含量变化．观察天麻素注射液对老年难治性高血压患者血压及血浆ET和NO含量的影响。 方法：选取老年难治性高血压患者63例，普通高血压患者30例，健康人群30例，检测并比较其血浆ET和NO含量变化；将难治性高血压患者随机分为2组：天麻素治疗组和常规治疗组。天麻素治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用天麻素注射液1000mg静脉滴注2个疗程，共4周，常规治疗组继续常规降压药物治疗，观察治疗前和每个疗程后血压的变化，并比较血浆ET和NO含量的变化。 结果：难治性高血压患者血浆ET含量明显高于普通高血压者（t=3．27，P=0．008），NO含量明显低于普通高血压者（t=-3．81．P=0．002）。天麻素治疗组患者在治疗1个疗程后收缩压和脉压差均明显下降（t=1．85，P=0．03；t=1．74．P=0．04）。天麻素治疗组随着治疗疗程的增加，ET含量逐渐下降，但2个疗程结束后与治疗前相比，差异仍无统计学意义；而NO含量在2个疗程结束后明显升高，与治疗前相比．差异有统计学意义（t=-2．70，P=0．04）。 结论：与普通高血压患者比较，难治性高血压患者血浆ET明显升高，NO含量显著降低。天麻素注射液可以降低老年难治性高血压患者的血压，且其降低收缩压的作用相对较强。可能通过调节患者血管活性物质来实现降压，但具体机制尚需进一步研究。     

动态血压监测评价小剂量利尿剂治疗原发性高血压的疗效观察

目的:评价利尿剂在老年人高血压尤其收缩期高血压的降压作用。方法:20例3级高血压患者在原有至少两种降压药物(不包括利尿剂)治疗,血压控制仍不理想,加用小剂量利尿剂,氢氯噻嗪6.25mg~12.5mg/d一次或阿米洛利1.25mg~2.5mg/d一次,清晨6时服药。加用利尿剂前及加用利尿剂后2周各行ABPM及实验室检查一次。结果:ABPM显示2周后24小时、日间、夜间平均血压(SBP/DBP)分别下降(15.1±7.9/7.2±4.2)mmHg、(14.1±9.6/6.8±5.4)mmHg、(17.5±11.7/7.8±6.6)mmHg;降压谷/峰(T/P)比值,SBP为61%,DBP为63%。无严重不良反应。结论:小剂量利尿剂降压作用显著、长效、平稳     

苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平对原发性高血压患者血压变异性及踝臂指数的影响

目的 探讨苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平对原发性高血压患者血压变异性（blood pressure variability,BPV）和踝臂指数（Ankle-brachial index,ABI）的影响.方法 将78例原发性高血压患者随机分为观察组40例和对照组38例;观察组给予苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平2.5 mg/日降压治疗,对照组给予硝苯地平缓释片20 mg/日降压治疗,治疗6个月,比较两组治疗前后BPV和ABI的变化.结果 两组患者治疗后24 h SBP、24 h DBP均显著降低（P＜0.01）,观察组治疗后24 h SBPV、24 h DBPV较治疗前显著降低（P＜0.01）,而对照组治疗前后24 h SBPV、24 h DBPV比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.治疗后观察组24 h SBP、24 h DBP、24 h SBPV、24 h DBPV均显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）.观察组治疗后ABI与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而对照组治疗后ABI与治疗前比较虽有所改善,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.观察组治疗后ABI显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平可显著降低高血压患者血压变异性和改善大动脉弹性,从而降低靶器官损害和心血管事件.     

动态血压监测评价小剂量利尿剂治疗原发性高血压的疗效观察

目的评价利尿剂在老年人高血压尤其收缩期高血压的降压作用.方法20例3级高血压患者在原有至少两种降压药物(不包括利尿剂)治疗,血压控制仍不理想,加用小剂量利尿剂,氢氯噻嗪6.25mg～12.5mg/d一次或阿米洛利1.25mg～2.5mg/d一次,清晨6时服药.加用利尿剂前及加用利尿剂后2周各行ABPM及实验室检查一次.结果ABPM显示2周后24小时、日间、夜间平均血压(SBP/DBP)分别下降(15.1±7.9/7.2±4.2) mmHg、(14.1±9.6/6.8±5.4) mmHg、(17.5±11.7/7.8±6.6) mmHg ;降压谷/峰(T/P)比值,SBP为61%, DBP为63%.无严重不良反应.结论小剂量利尿剂降压作用显著、长效、平稳     

Failure of exercise to reduce blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension. Results of a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE.--To assess the effects of physical exercise training on blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension. DESIGN.--Randomized controlled trial. SETTING.--Hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation program. PATIENTS.--Ninety-nine men and women with untreated mild hypertension (systolic blood pressure, 140 to 180 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure, 90 to 105 mm Hg) were included in the volunteer sample. INTERVENTIONS.--Subjects were randomly assigned to a 4-month program of aerobic exercise training, strength and flexibility training, or to a waiting list control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES.--The main outcome measures were systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured four times with a random zero sphygmomanometer on 3 separate days in a clinic setting. RESULTS.--After 4 months of exercise training, subjects in the aerobic exercise group did not exhibit greater reductions in blood pressure than subjects in the control group. We expected a differential decline of 5 mm Hg between the aerobic exercise and waiting list control groups and found a difference of -1.0 +/- 16 mm Hg and -1.2 +/- 10 mm Hg at alpha = .05 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. CONCLUSIONS.--Moderate aerobic exercise alone should not be considered a replacement for pharmacologic therapy in nonobese patients with mild hypertension.     

老年高血压病患者的动态血压监测

通过对２４例老年健康者，２１例老年高血压病人Ｉ期，２６例老年高血压病Ⅱ期及１５例老年高血压病Ⅲ期患者进行动态血压监测，日间每３０分钟，夜间每６０分钟记录一次，每例监测时间２２～２４小时，通过计算机分析计算后显示，老年高血压病患者的２４小时，日间，夜间的平均收缩压，平均舒张压，平均动脉压明显高于老年健康者（Ｐ〈０．０５）。老年高血压病各期的血压负荷值与老年健康者比较，增高更明显（Ｐ〈０．０１），尤其     

Effectiveness of home blood pressure monitoring, Web communication, and pharmacist care on hypertension control: a randomized controlled trial

Beverly B. Green, MD, MPH; Andrea J. Cook, PhD; James D. Ralston, MD, MPH; Paul A. Fishman, PhD; Sheryl L. Catz, PhD; James Carlson, PharmD; David Carrell, PhD; Lynda Tyll, RN, MS; Eric B. Larson, MD, MPH; Robert S. Thompson, MD

JAMA. 2008;299(24):2857-2867.

Context  Treating hypertension decreases mortality and disability from cardiovascular disease, but most hypertension remains inadequately controlled.

Objective  To determine if a new model of care that uses patient Web services, home blood pressure (BP) monitoring, and pharmacist-assisted care improves BP control.

Design, Setting, and Participants  A 3-group randomized controlled trial, the Electronic Communications and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring study was based on the Chronic Care Model. The trial was conducted at an integrated group practice in Washington state, enrolling 778 participants aged 25 to 75 years with uncontrolled essential hypertension and Internet access. Care was delivered over a secure patient Web site from June 2005 to December 2007.

Interventions  Participants were randomly assigned to usual care, home BP monitoring and secure patient Web site training only, or home BP monitoring and secure patient Web site training plus pharmacist care management delivered through Web communications.

Main Outcome Measures  Percentage of patients with controlled BP (<140/90 mm Hg) and changes in systolic and diastolic BP at 12 months.

Results  Of 778 patients, 730 (94%) completed the 1-year follow-up visit. Patients assigned to the home BP monitoring and Web training only group had a nonsignificant increase in the percentage of patients with controlled BP (<140/90 mm Hg) compared with usual care (36% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 30%-42%] vs 31% [95% CI, 25%-37%]; P = .21). Adding Web-based pharmacist care to home BP monitoring and Web training significantly increased the percentage of patients with controlled BP (56%; 95% CI, 49%-62%) compared with usual care (P < .001) and home BP monitoring and Web training only (P < .001). Systolic BP was decreased stepwise from usual care to home BP monitoring and Web training only to home BP monitoring and Web training plus pharmacist care. Diastolic BP was decreased only in the pharmacist care group compared with both the usual care and home BP monitoring and Web training only groups. Compared with usual care, the patients who had baseline systolic BP of 160 mm Hg or higher and received home BP monitoring and Web training plus pharmacist care had a greater net reduction in systolic BP (–13.2 mm Hg [95% CI, –19.2 to –7.1]; P < .001) and diastolic BP (–4.6 mm Hg [95% CI, –8.0 to –1.2]; P < .001), and improved BP control (relative risk, 3.32 [95% CI, 1.86 to 5.94]; P<.001).

Conclusion  Pharmacist care management delivered through secure patient Web communications improved BP control in patients with hypertension.

Trial Registration  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00158639

     

阿托伐他汀对原发性高血压患者动态脉压的影响

目的:观察阿托伐他汀对原发性高血压患者动态脉压的影响。方法:将108例原发性高血压患者随机分为一般治疗组和阿托伐他汀治疗组各54例,其中一般治疗组患者仅给予常规控制血压治疗,阿托伐他汀治疗组在常规控制血压治疗的基础上给予阿托伐他汀40 mg/d口服,共观察12周。分别于治疗前和治疗4、8、12周监测2组患者24 h动态血压1次,计算平均动态脉压。结果:阿托伐他汀治疗组患者动态脉压水平在治疗前与一般治疗组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后均明显低于一般治疗组(P0.01),且随着治疗时间的延长阿托伐他汀治疗组患者动态脉压水平有明显降低趋势(P0.01)。结论:阿托伐他汀具有改善原发性高血压患者动态脉压水平的作用。     

高血压患者动态血压监测尿微量白蛋白的意义

目的探讨高血压（EH）动态血压（ABPM）监测尿微量白蛋白（ALB）的意义。方法用放免法测定242例EH患者的尿ALB,根据结果将患者分为ALB组和非ALB组。所有患者行24hABPM监测,并分析其特点。结果ALB组昼夜节律消失,24h平均收缩压（24hSBP）、平均脉压（24hPP）;日间平均收缩压（dSBP）、平均脉压（dPP）;夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）、平均脉压（nPP）明显高于非ALB组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论ALB组患者正常的杓型ABPM节律消失较明显,收缩压尤其是夜间收缩压对反映早期肾损伤具有更重要的作用。     

Effect of nifedipine and propranolol on blood flow, venous compliance and blood pressure in essential hypertension

To determine the efficacy of nifedipine combined with propranolol in the treatment of hypertension, 23 patients with essential hypertension uncontrolled while they were receiving propranolol, 120 mg/d, entered a dose response trial of four 8-week periods while continuing propranolol therapy. Therapy during the four periods consisted respectively of a placebo, 30 mg/d of nifedipine, 30 or 60 mg/d of nifedipine, and 30 or 60 mg/d of nifedipine along with only 60 mg/d of propranolol. Studies of forearm blood flow and venous compliance were carried out in nine of the patients. Ten patients dropped out after the first period. The mean blood pressures while the patients were recumbent after the first, second and third periods were 163 +/- 17/100 +/- 6, 147 +/- 13/89 +/- 10 and 141 +/- 19/84 +/- 10 mm Hg respectively. There was no evidence of tolerance in the four patients who received 30 mg/d of nifedipine during the third period. There was a significant dose-diastolic pressure response (p less than 0.0006) without a change in heart rate in the eight who received 60 mg/d of nifedipine during this period. After 16 weeks of therapy with nifedipine 11 patients had a diastolic pressure less than 90 mm Hg while recumbent. While mean blood pressure and heart rate for the group were not significantly increased at the end of the fourth period, in three of the patients the diastolic pressure while recumbent increased to over 90 mm Hg. This suggests that 120 mg/d of propranolol is the minimum dose required for concomitant therapy. Adverse symptoms were mild and transient. Forearm plethysmography showed that nifedipine induced arteriolar but not venous dilation and that propranolol attenuated the vasodilator effect of nifedipine. The author concludes that nifedipine was safe and effective in combination with propranolol in this group of patients with essential hypertension.     

原发性高血压患者血压季节性改变的研究

目的探讨原发性高血压患者血压的季节性变化及其与各气象因素的关系。方法用整群抽样法抽取青州市3个乡镇的原发性高血压患者1800例,男1155例,女645例,年龄29—85岁,平均年龄61．3岁。2008年7月至2009年6月测量患者8：00～11：00时坐位肱动脉血压,每隔7～14天测量一次,共12个月。将血压值与测量时当地的气温、室温、湿度、平均气压等气象数据配对后进行多元回归分析。结果观察组的血压上半年成下降趋势,其拐点在4月份,夏季最低。下半年以9～10月份为拐点逐渐升高,冬季达高峰。除春秋季之间外,各季节间的收缩压、舒张压比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。收缩压、舒张压均与气温（beta=-0．08,t=-2．39,P〈0．05：beta=-0．24,t=-6．21,P〈0．01）、室温（beta=-0．08,t=-2．39,P〈0．05;beta=-0．24,t=-6．21,P〈0．01）成直线负相关。结论原发性高血压患者的血压存在季节性改变,血压在春、秋季出现春降秋升的明显波动,这种改变以收缩压较明显,与室温关系更密切。