Interactions of the LIPG 584C>T polymorphism and alcoholconsumption on serum lipid levels

Both endothelial lipase gene(LIPG)584C>T (rs2000813)polymorphism and alcohol consumption modulate serum lipid levels.But their interactions on serum lipid profiles are not well known.The present study was undertaken to detect the interactions of LIPG 584C>T polymorphism and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels.Genotyping of the LIPG 584C>T was performed in 763 nondrinkers and 520 drinkers aged 15-85.Interactions between the genotypes and alcohol consumption were assessed by using a cross-product term.The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),apolipoprotein (Apo) AI,and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers(P<0.01 for all).There was no significant difference in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between nondrinkers and drinkers.The levels of serum TC, HDL-C and ApoAI in nondrinkers were different among the three genotypes(P<.05-.01).The subjects with CT genotype had higher serum TC,HDL-C and ApoAI levels than the subjects with CC genotype.The levels of serum HDL-C and ApoAI in drinkers were different among the three genotypes (P<.001 and P<.05;respectively).The individuals with TT genotype had higher serum HDL-C and ApoAI levels than the individuals with CC and CT genotypes.The levels of TC in nondrinkers were correlated with LIPG 584C>T allele (P<.05),whereas the levels of TG and HDL-C were associated with LIPG 584C>T alleles(P<.05) and genotypes (P<.05);respectively.The present study suggests that the subjects with TT genotype benefited more from alcohol consumption than the subjects with CT and TT genotypes in increasing serum HDL-C and ApoAI levels.     

Interactions of the apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels

Objectives Apolipoprotein(Apo) A5 gene poly-morphisms and alcohol consumption have been associated with increased serum triglyceride(TG) levels,but little is known about their interactions on serum lipid levels.The present study was undertaken polymorphismsand alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels.Methods A total of 516 unrelated nondrinkers and 514 drinkers aged 15 -89 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the ApoA5was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Interactions of the ApoA5alcohol consumption were assessed by using a cross-product term between genotypes and the aforementioned factor.Results The levels of total cholesterol (TC),TG,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), ApoA1 and ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P<0.05-0.001).The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were not different between the two groups.The levels of TG in non-drinkers, and TC,TG,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and ApoB in drinkers were different among the three -1131T>C genotypes(P<0.05-0.001).The -1131C allele carriers had higher serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.The levels of TG,HDL-C and ApoB in nondrinkers,and TG and HDL-C in drinkers were different between the two c.553G>T genotypes(P<0.05-0.01).The C.553T allele carriers had higher serum TG and ApoB levels,and lower HDL-C levels than the allele noncarriers.Serum lipid levels in nondrinkers were not different among the three c.457G>A genotypes(P<0.05 for all), but the levels of HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoA1 and ApoB in drinkers were different between the GG and GA/AA geno-types (P<0.05-0.001).The C.457A allele carriers had lower serum HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.We also observed four haplotypes:G-G-T, G-G-C,G-A-T,and T-G-C with frequencies ranging from 0.06 to 0.87,representing 100%o     

Association of the LIPG 584C&gt;T polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Objectives Endotheliallipase(EL) is a major determinantof high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) metabolism,but the association of endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) polymorphism and serum HDL-C levels is scarce and conflicting in diverse populations.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China.This study was designed to detect the association of LIPG 584C>T(rs2000813) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. Methods A total of 645 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 638 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the LIPG584C>T was performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P<0.05-0.001).The frequency of C and T alleles was 73.5%and 26.5%in Bai Ku Yao,and 67.9%and 32.1%in Han(P<0.01).The frequency of CC,CT and TT genotypes was 50.4%,46.2%and 3.4%in Bai Ku Yao,and 41.4%, 53.1%and 5.5%in Han(P<0.01);respectively.Serum HDL-C levels in both ethnic groups were different among the three genotypes(P<0.05 for each).Serum TC levels in both ethnic groups were also different between CC and CT/TT types(P< 0.05 for each).The T allele carriers had higher serum HDL-C and TC levels than the T allele noncarriers.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of HDL-C and ApoB were correlated with genotype in Bai Ku Yao(P< 0.05 for each),whereas the levels of TC and HDL-C were associated with genotype in Han Chinese(P<0.05 and P< 0.01).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with gender, age,weight,body massindex,alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking,and blood pressure in the both ethnic groups.Conclusions The frequency of LIPG 584     

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta+294T&gt;C polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Objectives The association of peroxisome prolif-erator -activated receptor delta(PPARD) +294T>C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is inconsistent in several previous studies.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated association of PPARD +294T>C(rs2016520) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 609 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 573 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the PPARD +294T>C polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P<0.001 for all).The frequency of T and C alleles was 77.50%and 22.50%in Bai Ku Yao,and 72.43%and 27.57%in Han (P<0.01);respectively.The frequency of TT,TC and CC genotypes was 60.59%,33.83%and 5.53%in Bai Ku Yao, and 52.18%,40.50%and 7.32%in Han(P<0.05);respectively. The levels of LDL-C,ApoB and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Bai Ku Yao were different among the three genotypes in females but not in males(P<0.05 for all).The subjects with TT and TC genotypes had lower serum LDL-C and ApoB levels and higher the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB than the CC genotype in females.The levels of TC and ApoB in the total Han population were different among the three genotypes (P<0.05 for all).The C allele carriers had higher serum TC and ApoB levels than the C allele noncarriers.When serum lipid levels were analyzed according to sex,the difference in serum TC levels in Han was significant in males(P<0.01) but not in females,whereas the difference in serum ApoB levels was significant in females(P<0.05)but not in males. Serum TC and ApoB levels were correlated with genotypes in Han(P<0.05 for each) but not in Bai Ku Yao.Serum l     

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Objectives The association of methylenetetrahy-drofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism and serum lipid profiles is still controversial in diverse ethnics.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The aim of the present study was to eveluate the association of MTHFR C677Tpolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 780 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 686 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the MTHFR C677T was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P<0.05-0.001).The frequency of C and T alleles was 77.4%and 22.6%in Bai Ku Yao,and 60.9%and 39.1%in Han(P<0.001);respectively.The frequency of CC,CT and TT genotypes was 58.7%,37.3%and 4.0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 32.6%,56.4%and 11.0%in Han(P< 0.001);respectively.The levels of TC and LDL-C in both ethnic groups were significant differences among the three genotypes(P<0.05-0.01).The T allele carriers had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than the T allele noncarriers. The levels of ApoB in Han were significant differences among the three genotypes(P<0.05).The T allele carriers had higher serum ApoB levels as compared with the T allele noncarriers. The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in Bai Ku Yao were correlated with genotypes(P<0.05-0.001),whereas the levels of LDL-C in Han were associated with genotypes(P< 0.001).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex, age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking, and blood pressure in the both ethnic groups.Conclusions The differences in serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels between the two     

The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 geneE670G polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Background The association of E670G polymorphism in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene and serum lipid profiles is inconsistent in dif- ferent ethnic groups.Bai Ku Yao is a special subgroup of the Yao minority in China.The present study was undertaken association of PCSK9 E670G polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 649 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 646 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the PCSK9 E670G polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and apolipoprotein(Apo) AI were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P<0.01 for all).The frequency of A and G alleles was 98.00%and 2.00%in Bai Ku Yao,and 95.20%and 4.80%in Han(P<0.01);respectively. The frequency of AA,AG and GG genotypes was 95.99%,4.01%and 0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 91.02%, 8.36%and 0.62%in Han(P<0.01);respectively.There were also significant differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between n and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Han Chinese but not in Bai Ku Yao were different between the AA and AG/GG genotypes(P<0.05 for all).The G allele carriers had higher serum HDL-C and higher ApoAI to ApoB ratio than the G allele noncarriers.When serum lipid parameters in Han were analyzed according to sex,the G allele carriers had higher serum HDL and ApoAI levels in males (P<0.05),and lower ApoB level and higher ApoAI to ApoB ratio in females(P<0.05 for all).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum HDL-C levels were correlated with genotypes in both ethnic groups(P<0.05 each).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex,age,body massindex,alcohol consump     

Polymorphism of rs1044925 in the acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 gene and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Background The association of rs1044925 polymorphism in the acyl- CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1(ACAT-1) gene and serum lipid profiles is not well known in different ethnic groups.Bai Ku Yao is a special subgroup of the Yao minority in China.The present study was carried out to clarify the association of rs1044925 polymorphism in the ACAT-1 gene and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. Methods A total of 626 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 624 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of rs 1044925 polymorphism in the ACAT-1 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P<0.01 for all).The frequency of A and C alleles was 79.0%and 21.0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 87.3%and 12.7%in Han(P<0.001);respectively.The frequency of AA,AC and CC genotypes was 63.2%,31.4% and 5.2%in Bai Ku Yao,and 75.6%,23.2%and 1.1%in Han(P<0.001);respectively.The levels of TC,LDL-C and ApoB in Bai Ku Yao but not in Han were different between the AA and AC/CC genotypes in females but not in males (P<0.05 for all).The C allele carriers had lower serum TC, LDL-C and ApoB levels as compared with the C allele non-carriers. The levels of TC,LDL-C and ApoB in Bai Ku Yao but not in Han were correlated with genotypes in females but not in males(P<0.05 for all).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex,age,body massindex,alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking,and blood pressure in both ethnic groups(P<0.05-0.001).Conclusions These results suggest that the polymorphism of rs1044925 associated with female serum TC,LDL-C and ApoB levels in the Bai Ku Yao population.The C allele carriers had more favorable serum TC,LDL     

Serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in theJing Zu population

Objectives To detect the serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in the Jing Zu population. Methods A total of 422 subjects of Jing Zu were studied by a stratified randomized sampling.Serum lipid levels were measured.The data were compared with those in 425 subjects of Han Chinese from the same area.Results triglyceride (TG)were lower in Jing Zu than in Han Chinese [(5.17±0.98) mmol/L vs.(5.37±1.11)mmol/L vs.(1.57±1.80) mmol/L,P<0.05;respectively].There were no significant differences in the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between the two ethnic groups(P>0.05).The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia was also lower in Jing Zu than in Han Chinese(10.66%vs.15.76%, P<0.05 and 49.76%TG and HDL-C and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in both ethnic groups were higher in hypertensives than in normotensives. Conclusions The differences in the serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia between the Jing Zu and Han populations might result from different dietary habit,life style,as well as genetic factors vs.56.94%,P<0.05;respectively). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia between the two ethnic groups.     

高级氧化蛋白产物在系统性红斑狼疮早发动脉粥样硬化中的临床意义

Objective To estimate the degree of oxidative stress and atherosclerosis praecox in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and emphasize on exploring AOPPs' clinical significance in premature atherosclerosis in SLE. Methods The levels of AOPPs, Hey, MDA, SOD, baPMV and CIMT were detected by ELISA and spectropholometry in 44 non-menopausal female SLE patients and 31 healthy middle-aged women respectively, and baPWV. The results were compared with AOPPs of the two groups. Then each group was stratified based on disease duration (≥5 years or <5 years) and the disease activity(active and inactive) in SLE patients. The patients' TC, TG, LDL were analyzed. T test, t' test and Pearson correla-tion were selected. Results The levels of AOPPs, Hcy, MDA in SLE patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls (P<0.05). The activities of SOD were lower than controls (P<0.05). The levels of AOPPs, Hcy, MDA, SOD had statistical significance between SLE patients disease duration ≥5 years or <5 years, active or inactive groups. There were two cases with CAP in patients with SLE (more than 5 years disease duration),while there wasnone in healthy controls. The levels of baPWV and CIMT in patients with SLE were higher than healthy controls (P<0.05), and had statistical significance in SLE patients disease duration more than or less than 5 years (P<0.05). The oxidative stress targets (AOPPs, Hey, MDA, SOD) had significant correlation with the level of baPWV and CIMT (P<0.01). The level of serum AOPPs had significant positive correlation with the levels of Hcy, TC, TG and LDL (P<0.01～0.05). Conclusion SLE patients have increased oxidative stress , and significantly higher prevalence of atherosclerosis than healthy controls. The disease duration and oxidative stress play important roles in the duration of atherosclerosis. AOPPs probably involves in the accelerated atherosclerosis of SLE patients. It may be a predictor for SLE complicated with atherosclerosis praecox.     

高级氧化蛋白产物在系统性红斑狼疮早发动脉粥样硬化中的临床意义

Objective To estimate the degree of oxidative stress and atherosclerosis praecox in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and emphasize on exploring AOPPs' clinical significance in premature atherosclerosis in SLE. Methods The levels of AOPPs, Hey, MDA, SOD, baPMV and CIMT were detected by ELISA and spectropholometry in 44 non-menopausal female SLE patients and 31 healthy middle-aged women respectively, and baPWV. The results were compared with AOPPs of the two groups. Then each group was stratified based on disease duration (≥5 years or <5 years) and the disease activity(active and inactive) in SLE patients. The patients' TC, TG, LDL were analyzed. T test, t' test and Pearson correla-tion were selected. Results The levels of AOPPs, Hcy, MDA in SLE patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls (P<0.05). The activities of SOD were lower than controls (P<0.05). The levels of AOPPs, Hcy, MDA, SOD had statistical significance between SLE patients disease duration ≥5 years or <5 years, active or inactive groups. There were two cases with CAP in patients with SLE (more than 5 years disease duration),while there wasnone in healthy controls. The levels of baPWV and CIMT in patients with SLE were higher than healthy controls (P<0.05), and had statistical significance in SLE patients disease duration more than or less than 5 years (P<0.05). The oxidative stress targets (AOPPs, Hey, MDA, SOD) had significant correlation with the level of baPWV and CIMT (P<0.01). The level of serum AOPPs had significant positive correlation with the levels of Hcy, TC, TG and LDL (P<0.01～0.05). Conclusion SLE patients have increased oxidative stress , and significantly higher prevalence of atherosclerosis than healthy controls. The disease duration and oxidative stress play important roles in the duration of atherosclerosis. AOPPs probably involves in the accelerated atherosclerosis of SLE patients. It may be a predictor for SLE complicated with atherosclerosis praecox.     

Correlation between the Xba Ⅰ polymorphism of apoB gene and serum lipid profiles in Li ethnic group

Objective:To study correlation between the Xba I polymorphism of apoB gene and plasma lipid profiles in Li ethnic group.Methods:Total 1S1 cases of healthy Li people were recruited randomly by cluster sampling and 200 Han people were recruited as control;blood was drawn to analyze Xba I polymorphism distribution of apoB gene and serum lipid levels.Results:There were lower serum total cholesterol(TC)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels in serum of Li people;while,high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),X~-/X~-genotype and X~+allele frequencies exhibited higher levels than Han people.Interestingly,HDL-C level was reduced,while LDL-C level was enhanced in subjects carrying heterozygous(X~-/X~-)genotype compared to homozygous(X~-/X~-)genotype.Additionally,there were no difference in serum level of triglyceride,TC,apoprotein A(apo A)and apoprotein B(apo B)between Li and Han people,the same results were showed between X~-/X~+and X~-/X~-genotype carriers.Conclusions:XbaⅠpolymorphism of apoB gene is correlated to the profiles of serum lipid level,X~-/X~+genotype carriers are phenotyped with higher LDL-C level and lower level of HDL-C in Li ethnic group.     

APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism is associated with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in Han Chinese

Background Apolipoprotein(apo) A-V is a novel member of the apolipoprotein cluster involved in triacylglycerol(TG) homeostasis. It has reported that APOA5 gene polymorphisms is correlated with arteriosclerotic diseases. However, This association is unknown on Chinese patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship of APOA5-1131 T C and arteriosclerotic cerebral infarction(ACI) as well as the levels of serum lipids. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphisms(PCR-RFLP) analysis, enzymatic and immunoturbidimetry methods were used to measure-1131 T C genotype, allele frequency as well as plasma lipid level of 90 ACI patients and 221 healthy subjects of Han Chinese. Results In ACI group, the level of TG in allele C carriers was higher than that of non-C carriers(P 0.05). The frequency of allele C in ACI group was higher than in healthy group(χ~2= 5.568, P = 0.018).Except sex, age and BMI, the levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), APOA1 and APOB in ACI group distinctively were higher than those in healthy group. Conclusion The APOA5-1131 allele C is associated with the high level of TG in ACI patients, which is probably linked with ACI danger of Chinese Han.     

Clinical significance of serum procalcitonin in patients with ulcerative colitis

AIM:To investigate the association of procalcitonin(PCT)with ulcerative colitis(UC)activity.METHODS:Serum PCT levels,C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,the erythrocyte sedimentation rate,and the white blood cell count were analyzed in 18 patients with UC and 11 healthy volunteers.Serum PCT levels were analyzed by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Severity assessments were based on Truelove and Witts’severity index.Correlation of serum PCT and CRP levels with UC activity was examined.Moreover,we assessed serum PCT and CRP levels in patients with a Mayo endoscopic subscore.RESULTS:Serum PCT levels in severe UC patients(n=7)(0.096±0.034 ng/mL)were significantly higher than in mild-to-moderate UC patients(n=11)(0.033±0.012 ng/mL)and healthy volunteers(n=11)(0.035±0.005 ng/mL)(P=0.0005 and P<0.0001,respectively).In addition,there was no difference in serum PCT levels between mild-to-moderate UC patients and healthy volunteers.Interestingly,patients with a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 3 points displayed significantly increased levels of serum PCT(0.075±0.043 ng/mL)compared with patients with a subscore of 2 points(0.03±0.011 ng/mL)(P=0.0302).Moreover,CRP levels in patients with severe UC or a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 3 points were not significantly higher than in patients with mild-to-moderate UC or a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 3 points.CONCLUSION:Serum PCT levels were significantly correlated with UC activity.     

Serum vitamin D and vitamin-D-binding protein levels in children with chronic hepatitis B

BACKGROUND Vitamin D is an essential fat-soluble secosteroid hydroxylated by the liver to form the intermediate metabolite calcidiol{25-hydroxy vitamin D[25(OH)D]},which is a reliable indicator to investigate individual vitamin D status.Vitamin-D-binding protein(VDBP)is a multifunctional glycoprotein mainly synthesized in the liver and the major transport protein for vitamin D and its metabolites.Serum vitamin D and VDBP are both associated with hepatitis B.However,few studies have reported the relationship and clinical significance of vitamin D and VDBP with hepatitis B virus(HBV)replication and hepatic fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).AIM To explore vitamin D and VDBP serum levels in children with CHB and the association of vitamin D and VDBP with HBV replication and hepatic fibrosis.METHODS We enrolled 204 children with CHB admitted to Hunan Children’Hospital in summer and autumn between 2018 and 2019 and 170 healthy controls.CHB patients included:164 hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)positive and 40 HBeAg negative;193 hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)positive and 11 HBsAg negative;164 with detectable HBV deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)and 40 with undetectable HBV DNA;131 with HBV genotype B and 23 with HBV genotype C;and 27 without hepatic fibrosis and 97 with hepatic fibrosis.Serum levels of 25(OH)D,VDBP,liver function markers,and other clinical parameters were collected to analyze their association with vitamin D and VDBP.Mann-Whitney U test,Kruskal-Wallis H test,or t test was used to analyze serum 25(OH)D and VDBP levels in different groups.Spearman rank correlation test was utilized to analyze the correlation of 25(OH)D and VDBP with other markers.Statistically significant factors determined by univariate analysis were further analyzed by binary multivariate logistic regression analysis.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Children with CHB had lower serum 25(OH)D(56.64±17.89 nmoL/L)and VDBP[122.40(70.74-262.84μg/L)]levels than healthy controls had(P<0.001).Serum 25(OH)D and VDBP levels were significantly different among the different grades of hepatic fibrosis(P<0.05).VDBP levels in children with HBV genotype C,HBsAg,HBeAg,and detectable HBV DNA were significantly lower than those in children with HBV genotype B,no HBsAg,no HBeAg,and undetectable HBV DNA(P<0.05).Serum 25(OH)D level was negatively correlated with age and serum total bilirubin level(r=-0.396 and-0.280,respectively,P<0.001).Serum VDBP level was negatively correlated with HBV DNA(log10 IU/mL)(r=-0.272,P<0.001).Serum 25(OH)D level was not correlated with VDBP level(P>0.05).Univariate(P<0.05)and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low level of 25(OH)D(odds ratio=0.951,95%confidence interval:0.918-0.985)and high level of HBV DNA(odds ratio=1.445,95%confidence interval:1.163-1.794)were independently correlated with hepatic fibrosis(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Serum levels of 25(OH)D and VDBP are decreased in children with CHB.Serum VDBP level is negatively correlated with HBV replication.Low level of 25(OH)D is independently associated with hepatic fibrosis in children with CHB.There is no significant association between serum levels of 25(OH)D and VDBP.     

Combined detection tumor markers for diagnosis and prognosis of gallbladder cancer

AIM:To clarify the value of combined use of markers for the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer and prediction of its prognosis.METHODS:Serum cancer antigens(CA)199,CA242,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),and CA125 levels were measured in 78 patients with gallbladder cancer(GBC),78 patients with benign gallbladder diseases,and 78 healthy controls using electrochemiluminescence.CA199,CA242,CEA,and CA125 levels and positive rates were analyzed and evaluated pre-and postoperatively.Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to determine diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of GBC.Survival time analysis,including survival curves,and multivariate survival analysis of a Cox proportional hazards model was performed to evaluate independent prognostic factors.RESULTS:Serum CA242,CA125,and CA199 levels in the GBC group were significantly higher when compared with those in the benign gallbladder disease and healthy control groups(P<0.01).With a single tumor marker for GBC diagnosis,the sensitivity of CA199 was the highest(71.7%),with the highest specificity being in CA242(98.7%).Diagnostic accuracy was highest with a combination of CA199,CA242,and CA125(69.2%).CA242 could be regarded as a tumor marker of GBC infiltration in the early stage.The sensitivity of CA199 and CA242 increased with progression of GBC and advanced lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).The78 GBC patients were followed up for 6-12 mo(mean:8 mo),during which time serum CA199,CA125,and CA242 levels in the recurrence group were significantly higher than in patients without recurrence(P<0.01).The post-operative serum CA199,CA125,and CA242levels in the non-recurrence group were significantly lower than those in the GBC group(P<0.01).Multivariate survival analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model showed that cancer of the gallbladder neck and CA199 expression level were independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSION:CA242 is a marker of GBC infiltration in the early stage.CA199 and cancer of the gallbladder neck are therapeutic and prognostic markers.     

Relationship between the low density lipoprotein receptor gene polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao population

Objectives Bai Ku Yao(White-trousers Yaos)is a special branch of Yao minority in China.They are now living in both Lihu and Baxu villages,Nandan County, Guangxi,China.The population size is about 30,000.The special customs and culture of Bai Ku Yao,including their special clothing,intra-ethnic marriages and alcohol intake are still completely conserved to the present day.In previous epidemiologic studies,we found that the serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese from the same region.This ethnic difference in serum lipid profiles is still not well known.We hypothesized that there may be significant differences in some genetic polymorphismsssociation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) genepolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 1024 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 792 participants of Han Chinese were stud- ied by a stratified randomized cluster sampling.Epidemiological survey was carried out using internationally standardized methods.Information on demographics,socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors was collected with standardized questionnaires. The height,weight,waist circumference,blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),apolipoprotein(Apo) A1, and ApoB were measured.Body massindex(BMI,kg/m2) was calculated.Genotyping of the LDL-RAvaⅡwas performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results(l)The height,weight,serum TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl levels and the ratio of ApoAl to ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese(P<0.01 for all),whereas the percentage of subjects who consumed alcohol or smoked cigarettes was higher in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese(P<0.01 for each).(2) The frequency of A+ allele in Bai Ku Yao was 34.     

Serum lipid levels and their risk factors in theGuangxi Mu Lao Zu population

Objectives Mu Lao Zu population.Methods A total of 1055 subjects of Mu Lao Zu were studied by a stratified randomized cluster sampling.Blood pressure,body height, body weight,waist circumference and serum lipid and apolipoprotein(Apo) levels were measured.The data were compared with those in 969 subjects of Han Chinese from the same region.In order to evaluate the association of hyperlipidemia with nine possible riks factors,multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed in the combined population of Mu Lao Zu and Han,Mu Lao Zu,and Han;respectively. Results The levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ApoB in Mu Lao Zu were significantly higher than those in Han(P<0.05-0.001); but the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,ApoA1 and ApoA1/Apo were significantly lower than those in Han (P<0.001 ).The prevalence of hyperlipidemia and Hypercholesterolemia was also significantly higher in Mu Lao Zu than in Han(53.0%vs.46.1%,P<0.001) and(44.5%vs. 37.5%,P<0.001).There was no difference in the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia between the both ethnic groups (22.8%vs.19.4%,P>0.05).Hyperlipidemia was positively correlated with age,BMI,and systolic blood pressureMu Lao Zu(P<0.05),whereas it was positively correlated with BMI and hypertension in Han(P<0.05 for each).Conclusions The serum lipid profiles,the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and the risk factors are different between the Mu Lao Zu and Han populations.The differences in serum lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might result from different dietary habit,life style,as well as genetic factors,in ? To determine the serum lipid levels and their risk factors in the Guangxi.     

Relationship between HBV genotypes and anti-viral therapeutic efficacy of interferon-alpha

BACKGROUND: Much evidence demonstrates that the genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) present differences in pathogenicity and outcomes owing to differences in genetic structure. This study aimed to investigate the influences of HBV genotypes on the anti-viral therapeutic efficacy of interferon-α (IFN-α) in chronic hepatitis B patients, and to determine the relationship between HBV genotypes and levels of viral replication or gene variations. METHODS: The chronic hepatitis B patients who were treated with IFN-α were selected randomly. Anti-viral therapeutic efficacy was monitored in these patients. The HBV genotypes were detected by PCR microplate hybridization ELISA. The levels of serum HBV-DNA were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. HBV gene variation at pre-C and basic core promoter (BCP) regions were assayed by gene chip technology. RESULTS: Genotypes B and C were predominant in 94 chronic hepatitis B patients. A, E and F genotypes were not found in these patients. The HBV-DNA levels of genotype C and mixed genotypes were significantly higher than those of genotype B. The response to IFN-α in patients with genotype B was markedly better than in those with genotypes C and D, and the complete response to IFN-α was only observed in genotype B. The response to IFN-α in patients with mixed genotypes was the least sensitive. The negative transition of HBeAg was correlated with variations in the HBV pre-C and BCP regions in patientswith partial or no response to IFN-α. The variation rates of HBV pre-C and BCP regions were clearly higher in genotype C than in genotype B. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HBV genotype is correlated with the serum levels of HBV-DNA, HBV gene variations and therapeutic efficacy of IFN-α. The regular detection of HBV genotypes in the clinic will be of benefit for disease prognosis and planning of anti-viral therapeutic strategies.     

Primary liver injury and delayed resolution of liver stiffness after alcohol detoxification in heavy drinkers with the PNPLA3 variant I148M

AIM To investigate the influence of PNPLA3 genotype in heavy drinkers on serum markers and liver stiffness(LS) during alcohol withdrawal and its association with histology.METHODS Caucasian heavy drinkers(n = 521) with a mean alcohol consumption of 192.1 g/d(median alcohol consumption: 169.0 g/d; 95%CI: 179.0-203.3) were enrolled at the Salem Medical Center, University of Heidelberg. LS was measured by transient elastography(Fibroscan, Echosens SA, Paris, France). LS and serum markers were prospectively studied in these patients with all stages of alcoholic liver disease(steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis) prior and after alcohol detoxification with a mean observation interval of 6.2 ± 3.2 d. A liver biopsy with histological analysis including the Kleiner score was obtained in 80 patients.RESULTS The PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype distribution for CC, CG and GG was 39.2%, 52.6% and 8.2%. GG genotype primarily correlated with histological steatohepatitis(r = 0.404, P 0.005), ballooning(r = 0.319, P 0.005) and less with steatosis(r = 0.264, P 0.05). Mean LS was lowest in CC carriers(13.1 k Pa) as compared to CG and GG carriers(17.6 and 17.2 kPa). Notably, LS primarily correlated with fibrosis stage(r = 0.828, P 0.005), ballooning(r = 0.516, P 0.005), steatohepatitis(r = 0.319, P 0.005) but not with steatosis. After alcohol withdrawal, LS did not change in CC carriers, significantly decreased in CG-carriers from 17.6 to 12.7 kPa but to a lesser extent in GG carriers from 17.6 to 14.5 kPa. This was due to prolonged resolution of inflammation with significantly elevated aspartate transaminase levels after alcohol withdrawal in GG carriers. Non-invasive fibrosis assessment by LS in all patients showed a significantly higher F0 rate as compared to the biopsy cohort(47% vs 6%) with 3.8% more CC carriers while 3.7% less were seen in the F4 cirrhosis group. Thus, about 20% of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis would be attributable to PNPLA3 G variants. The OR to develop cirrhosis corrected for age, gender and body mass index was 1.295(95%CI: 0.787-2.131) for CG + GG carriers.CONCLUSION In heavy drinkers, PNPLA3 GG primarily correlates with ballooning/steatohepatitis but not steatosis resulting in a delayed inflammation-associated resolution of LS. Consequently, sustained ballooning-associated LS elevation seems to be a potential risk factor for fibrosis progression in PNPLA3 GG carriers.     

Serum amyloid A levels in patients with liver diseases

BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A(SAA) is an acute phase protein mainly synthesized by the liver. SAA induces inflammatory phenotype and promotes cell proliferation in activated hepatic stellate cells, the major scar forming cells in the liver. However,few studies have reported on the serum levels of SAA in human liver disease and its clinical significance in various liver diseases.AIM To investigate the serum levels of SAA in patients with different liver diseases and analyze the factors associated with the alteration of SAA levels in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients.METHODS Two hundred and seventy-eight patients with different liver diseases and 117 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients included 205 with CHB, 22 with active autoimmune liver disease(AILD), 21 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), 14 with drug-induced liver injury(DILI), and 16 with pyogenic liver abscess. Serum levels of SAA and other clinical parameters were collected for the analysis of the factors associated with SAA level. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the serum SAA levels of patients with various liver diseases with those of healthy controls. Bonferroni test was applied for post hoccomparisons to control the probability of type 1 error(alpha = 0.05/6 = 0.008).For statistical tests of other variables, P 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistically significant factors determined by single factor analysis were further analyzed by binary multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS All patients with active liver diseases had higher serum SAA levels than healthy controls and the inactive CHB patients, with the highest SAA level found in patients with pyogenic liver abscess(398.4 ± 246.8 mg/L). Patients with active AILD(19.73 ± 24.81 mg/L) or DILI(8.036 ± 5.685 mg/L) showed higher SAA levels than those with active CHB(6.621 ± 6.776 mg/L) and NASH(6.624 ± 4.891 mg/L). Single(P 0.001) and multivariate logistic regression analyses(P = 0.039)for the CHB patients suggested that patients with active CHB were associated with an SAA serum level higher than 6.4 mg/L. Serum levels of SAA and CRP(C-reactive protein) were positively correlated in patients with CHB(P 0.001),pyogenic liver abscess(P = 0.045), and active AILD(P = 0.02). Serum levels of SAA(0.80-871.0 mg/L) had a broader fluctuation range than CRP(0.30-271.3 mg/L).CONCLUSION Serum level of SAA is a sensitive biomarker for inflammatory activity of pyogenic liver abscess. It may also be a weak marker reflecting milder inflammatory status in the liver of patients with CHB and other active liver diseases.