Post‐resistance exercise hemodynamic and autonomic responses: Comparison between normotensive and hypertensive men

To compare post‐resistance exercise hypotension (PREH) and its mechanisms in normotensive and hypertensive individuals, 14 normotensives and 12 hypertensives underwent two experimental sessions: control (rest) and exercise (seven exercises, three sets, 50% of one repetition maximum). Hemodynamic and autonomic clinic measurements were taken before (Pre) and at two moments post‐interventions (Post 1: between 30 and 60 min; Post 2: after 7 h). Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was monitored for 24 h. At Post 1, exercise decreased systolic BP similarly in normotensives and hypertensives (?8 ± 2 vs ?13 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05), whereas diastolic BP decreased more in hypertensives (?4 ± 1 vs ?9 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.05). Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance did not change in normotensives and hypertensives (0.0 ± 0.3 vs 0.0 ± 0.3 L/min; ?1 ± 1 vs ?2 ± 2 U, P > 0.05). After exercise, heart rate (+13 ± 3 vs +13 ± 2 bpm) and its variability (low‐ to high‐frequency components ratio, 1.9 ± 0.4 vs +1.4 ± 0.3) increased whereas stroke volume (?14 ± 5 vs ?11 ± 5 mL) decreased similarly in normotensives and hypertensives (all, P > 0.05). At Post 2, all variables returned to pre‐intervention, and ambulatory data were similar between sessions. Thus, a session of resistance exercise promoted PREH in normotensives and hypertensives. Although this PREH was greater in hypertensives, it did not last during the ambulatory period, which limits its clinical relevance. In addition, the mechanisms of PREH were similar in hypertensives and normotensives.     

武警新战士运动应激时心率和血压的变化

 目的 检测新入伍战士运动应激时心率和血压的反应.方法 采用活动平板运动试验,按照标准的Bruce方案从第3级开始对85名新入伍战士进行试验,测量休息时、运动应激中每3 min和恢复阶段每2 min的心率和血压.结果 运动应激开始后心率较安静时成倍增加,此后心率随着运动应激量的增加而增快,极量心率约为安静时的2.5倍,增加117次/min,期间有两个高峰,分别为运动至第5级和第7级时.恢复期心率以停止运动后2 min内减慢明显(减慢36次/min),10 min后恢复正常;运动应激时血压升高,以收缩压升高为主,应激过程中收缩压和舒张压分别约增加21 mmHg和4 mmHg,12 min后恢复至安静时水平,运动应激后舒张压持续降低.结论 运动应激时心率和收缩压的变化呈双峰型,心率恢复较血压快.     

Isometric handgrip training lowers blood pressure and increases heart rate complexity in medicated hypertensive patients

Hypertension is characterized by elevated blood pressure (BP) and autonomic dysfunction, both thought to be improved with exercise training. Isometric handgrip (IHG) training may represent a beneficial, time‐effective exercise therapy. We investigated the effects of IHG training on BP and traditional and nonlinear measures of heart rate variability (HRV). Pre‐ and post‐measurements of BP and HRV were determined in 23 medicated hypertensive participants (mean ± SEM, 66 ± 2 years) following either 8 weeks of IHG training (n = 13) or control (n = 10). IHG exercise consisted of four unilateral 2‐min isometric contractions at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, each separated by 4 min of rest. IHG training was performed 3 days/week for 8 weeks. IHG training decreased systolic BP (125 ± 3 mmHg to 120 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and mean BP (90 ± 2 mmHg to 87 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05), while sample entropy was increased (1.07 ± 0.1 to 1.35 ± 0.1, P < 0.05) and the fractal scaling distance score was decreased (0.34 ± 0.1 to 0.19 ± 0.1, P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in traditional spectral or time‐domain measures of HRV or control participants. IHG training improves nonlinear HRV, but not traditional HRV, while reducing systolic and mean BP. These results may highlight the benefits of IHG training for patients with primary hypertension.     

厄贝沙坦对老年原发性高血压左心室肥厚患者血压变异性的影响

目的观察厄贝沙坦对老年原发性高血压(以下简称高血压)左室肥厚患者血压变异性和左心室重构的影响。方法选取50例老年高血压、左室肥厚的患者,服用厄贝沙坦3个月,观察服药前后日间收缩压、舒张压,夜间收缩压、舒张压,24 h收缩压、舒张压的变化,并比较超声心动图参数,舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)、舒张期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)和左心室质量指数(LVMI)的变化。结果服药3月后,患者的日间收缩压、舒张压,夜间收缩压、舒张压,24 h收缩压、舒张压均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01);IVST、LVPWT、LVEDd及LVMI也呈显著性下降(P<0.01)。结论厄贝沙坦能够降低老年高血压左室肥厚患者的血压变异性,抑制心室重构,改善预后。     

航海人员24小时动态血压与偶测血压的关系

目的　观测分析航海人员中高血压与正常血压者的 2 4h动态血压 (2 4h ABP)及偶测血压 (CBP) ,以探讨 CBP与动态血压监测 (ABPM)之间的相关性。方法　用标准水银柱式血压计测坐位左上臂血压 3次 ,取平均值作为 CBP的收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)和平均动脉压 (MAP)。用 ABPM获得2 4h动态血压的 2 4h SBP、2 4h DBP和 2 4h MAP,以及日间平均动态血压 (d ABP)的 d SBP、d DBP和d MAP,与夜间平均动态血压 (n ABP)的 n SBP、n DBP和 n MAP。结果　高血压组 CBP的平均 SBP、DBP、MAP均高于 d ABP和 2 4h ABP(P均 <0 .0 1) ;CBP与 d ABP间的 SBP、DBP、MAP均值的差值分别为13.2 ,10 .0和 11.6 m m Hg,并均明显高于血压正常组的两者差值 (P<0 .0 1)。 CBP法与血压负荷值法[d SBP或 d DBP>12 %或 (和 ) n SBP或 n DBP>15 % ]诊断高血压的一致性为 95 % ,而后者诊断的特异性为 99% ,敏感性为 84% ,白大衣性高血压 (WCH)发生率为 16 % ;CBP法与 d ABP法 (≥ 135 / 85 mm Hg)诊断高血压的一致性为 76 % ,而后者诊断的特异性为 84% ,敏感性为 5 4% ,WCH发生率为 45 .6 %。结论　 ABPM的负荷值法诊断高血压与 CBP的一致性及其诊断的敏感性与特异性均高于 d ABP法 ,提示负荷值法可能在临床诊断高血压等方面更有参考价值     

Static magnetic field reduces blood pressure short-term variability and enhances baro-receptor reflex sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Purpose: It has been shown that chronic exposure of young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to static magnetic field (SMF) delays the development of overt hypertension. Therefore the aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of SMF on autonomic cardiovascular control in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Materials and methods: Experiments were performed in freely moving spontaneously hypertensive rats equipped with femoral arterial catheter for blood pressure recording. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed for 30 days to upward-oriented SMF (n?=?17) or downward-oriented SMF (n?=?17) of 16?mT intensity. A control group of spontaneously hypertensive rats (n?=?17) was not exposed to SMF. Neurogenic cardiovascular control was evaluated by spectral analysis of arterial blood pressure and heart rate short-term variability and baro-receptor reflex sensitivity using the sequence method.

Results: Exposure of spontaneously hypertensive rats to both upward- and downward-oriented SMF significantly reduced arterial blood pressure and enhanced baro-receptor reflex sensitivity. Downward-oriented SMF reduced heart rate, too. SMF of either orientation reduced systolic blood pressure variability in very low frequency domain while downward-oriented SMF also reduced low-frequency and increased high frequency domains.

Conclusion: It follows that prolonged exposure to SMF is beneficial for neurogenic cardiovascular control in hypertension.     

高龄高血压患者晨峰时段血压变化的临床观察及护理

 目的 观察76例患者晨间血压的变化,探讨预防高龄高血压患者晨峰时段血压骤变导致意外的护理措施,以加强预见性护理。方法 选择住院治疗行动态血压检查的患者76例,均为男性,60~97岁,平均（80.28±7.23）岁,并以80岁为界,＜80岁为低龄组35例,≥80岁为高龄组41例,观察晨间血压变化及进餐、服用降压药后对血压的影响,分析年龄、临床症状与血压变化的关系。结果 76例晨峰时段服药、进餐后血压均呈下降趋势;高龄高血压患者服药、进餐后各时间段收缩压与服药进餐前比较均有明显统计学差异（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）,且临床症状发生率较高。结论 高龄高血压患者晨峰时段是病情观察的重点时段,因此,进行晨峰时段防止进餐、服药后血压下降所致意外的健康教育非常必要。     

新战士运动应激时心理状态与心率和血压变化的关系

 目的 观测不同心理状态武警新战士运动应激时心率和血压的反应。方法 采用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)对新战士进行集体心理状态测试,选取总分＞160分的40名战士纳入实验组(低心理素质组),另选取总分≤160分的40名战士作为对照组(高心理素质组)。采用GE-CASE活动平板运动测试系统,按照标准的Bruce方案测定两组战士在安静时、运动应激中每3 min和恢复阶段每1 min的心率和血压。结果 实验组达到极量运动的人数少于对照组,且出现不良反应如头晕、胸闷增多。实验组基础心率高于对照组(80.0±9.8)次/min vs (69.2±9.2)次/min,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023),极量运动时舒张压异常增高(96.6±6.4) mmHg vs (78.4±8.3) mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013),并伴有心率下降。恢复阶段,实验组心率恢复较慢。结论 不同心理状态的新战士在运动应激时出现的心血管系统反应存在显著差异,低心理素质组的战士不良反应较高心理素质组的战士增多,可能与其机体内各种应激激素分泌失衡有关。
     

高血压病患者动态血压负荷与左室肥厚及颈动脉硬化的相关性研究

 目的 探讨高血压病患者动态血压负荷与左室肥厚及颈动脉硬化的相关性.方法 将明确诊断的高血压病患者65例行超声心动图和颈动脉超声、动态血压监测检查,将上述参数、血脂等指标进行比较.根据左室质量指数将患者分成左室肥厚组(n=20,占31%)和非左室肥厚组(n=45,占69%);根据颈动脉内-中膜厚度分为颈动脉粥样硬化组(n=23,占35%)及颈动脉正常组(n=42,占65%).结果 (1)左室肥厚组与非左室肥厚组临床指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 左室肥厚组24 h收缩压负荷(24 h SBPL)、24 h舒张压负荷(24 h DBPL)、夜间收缩压负荷(nSBPL)、夜间舒张压负荷(nDBPL)、白天收缩压负荷(dSBPL)显著高于非左室肥厚组(P<0.01).(2)颈动脉粥样硬化组与颈动脉正常组临床指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);颈动脉粥样硬化组24 h SBPL、24 h DBPL、nSBPL、nDBPL显著高于颈动脉正常组(P<0.01).结论 (1)高血压病动态血压负荷异常者左室肥厚及颈动脉硬化的发生率增多;(2)高血压患者应常规进行颈动脉检查,尤其是伴有左室肥厚的高血压患者.     

波依定对高血压病患者24小时的影响

目的：观察钙离子拮抗剂波依定缓释胶囊对２０例高血压病患者的降压疗效。方法：采用随机单盲方法,运用２４小时动态血压监测。结果：波依定能显著降低血压,降低２４小时平均和白天平均血压幅度大于降低夜间平均血压幅度,能有效控制清晨血压高峰期的血压,降压谷／峰比值超过６５％。结论：波依定每日服用一次能有效控制２４小时血压及清晨醒后的高峰期血压。     

SPECT evaluation of cerebral blood flow during arm exercise in patients with subclavian steal

Objectives To explore the cerebral hemodynamics in subclavian steal syndrome, we examined the cerebral perfusion of seven patients with subclavian steal (one symptomatic and six asymptomatic) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) during resting, arm exercise, and acetazolamide-activated conditions. Methods The regional CBF (rCBF) was measured with SPECT under all conditions, and region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed using a three-dimensional stereotaxic ROI template (3DSRT). We evaluated the relationship between arm exercise-induced rCBF change and (1) presence of subclavian artery stenosis, (2) vertebral reverse flow severity, (3) presence of vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI) symptoms, and (4) cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to acetazolamide. Results Overall, no arm exercise-induced rCBF reduction was observed on either the affected or the unaffected side, even in patients with severe vertebral reverse flow. One patient with VBI symptoms showed an arm exercise-induced global rCBF reduction in the cerebrum and cerebellum, whereas the other asymptomatic patients did not. The %rCBF changes in segments with severely impaired CVR (−8.6%± 10.7%, mean ± SD) were significantly lower than those in other segments with less impaired CVR (P < 0.01). Conclusions Our results suggest that subclavian steal is a benign condition in asymptomatic patients. On the other hand, arm exercise-induced rCBF reduction can occur in the cerebrum and cerebellum in patients with VBI symptoms possibly related to low CVR.     

Yoga training modulates adipokines in adults with high‐normal blood pressure and metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Our previous study indicated that people with MetS showed a decrease in waist circumference and a decreasing trend in blood pressure after 1‐year yoga. This study investigated the effect of yoga on MetS people with high‐normal blood pressure by exploring modulations in proinflammatory adipokines (leptin, chemerin, visfatin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 or PAI ‐1) and an anti‐inflammatory adipokine (adiponectin). A total of 97 Hong Kong Chinese individuals aged 57.6 ± 9.1 years with MetS and high‐normal blood pressure were randomly assigned to control (n = 45) and yoga groups (n = 52). Participants in the control group were not given any intervention but were contacted monthly to monitor their health status. Participants in the yoga group underwent a yoga training program with three 1‐hour yoga sessions weekly for 1 year. The participants’ sera were harvested and assessed for adipokines. Generalized estimating equation (GEE ) was used to examine the interaction effect between 1‐year time (pre vs post), and intervention (control vs yoga). GEE analyses revealed significant interaction effects between 1‐year time and yoga intervention for the decreases in leptin and chemerin and the increase in adiponectin concentration in the sera examined. These results demonstrated that 1‐year yoga training decreased proinflammatory adipokines and increased anti‐inflammatory adipokine in adults with MetS and high‐normal blood pressure. These findings support the beneficial role of yoga in managing MetS by favorably modulating adipokines.     

Intramuscular pressure measurements during exercise

This article reviews advantages and problems with different techniques of intramuscular pressure recordings during exercise. The importance of dynamic properties of a pressure recording system is shown. Reference values for different intramuscular pressure parameters for normal and abnormal conditions are presented. Pressure findings are related to pathophysiology of chronic compartment syndrome and other reasons for leg pain.     

辛伐他汀对高血压合并高胆固醇血症患者血压影响

目的:观察高血压病合并高胆固醇血症患者在使用降压药基础上加用辛伐他汀的降压疗效。方法:选择79例高胆固醇血症伴原发性高血压患者,随机分为辛伐他汀组和对照组,对照组39例给予非洛地平缓释片药物治疗,辛伐他汀组40例给予非洛地平缓释片 辛伐他汀药物治疗,疗程观察8周。结果:辛伐他汀组在治疗后舒张压降低较对照组显著,血总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显升高,结果差异有统计学意义。结论:说明辛伐他汀可能通过改善血脂代谢紊乱,在降压药物的基础上,对患者舒张压有额外降低作用。     

准备运动与放松运动对剧烈运动中及运动后颈总动脉血流速度的影响

８名男性大学生参加了下列３组实验：（１）单纯５分钟的剧烈运动（大于９０％ｏｆＶＯ２ｍａｘ）;（２）５分钟的准备运动（５０％ｏｆＶＯ２ｍａｘ）后再进行上述剧烈运动;（３）上述剧烈运动后再进行５分钟的放松运动（５５％ｏｆＶＯ２ｍａｘ）。在上述实验的同时,检测了每位被试者的颈总动脉血流平均速度（平均ＶＣＣＡ）、心率（ｆｃ）、左肱动脉平均血压（Ｐｍ）,并根据血流速度参数计算出反映脑血流阻力的指标———阻抗指数（ＲＩ）。结果显示：在５分钟的剧烈运动中,不论有否准备运动,上述４种参数均明显增加。在准备运动中,平均ＶＣＣＡ和ｆｃ均有所增加,ＲＩ的增加几乎达到了剧烈运动时的水平。剧烈运动后,Ｐｍ和ｆｃ很快恢复,放松运动中这两个指标有所恢复。但是平均ＶＣＣＡ和ＲＩ在放松运动中保持着剧烈运动时的高水平。准备运动中阻抗指数明显增加提示脑血流阻力增加,这可防止由于颈总动脉平均血流速度和心率的增加而引起脑血流的过多增加（尤其是对那些有脑血管缺陷的人）,有利于机体接着进行剧烈的运动。本研究中的放松运动可减缓颈总动脉血流平均速度等几种生理指标在剧烈运动后的恢复速度,使剧烈运动后机体（尤其是心脑血管调节功能差的人）的生理功能逐渐得到恢复,?     

高血压患者脉压水平与冠脉狭窄的关系

目的　探讨高血压患者脉压 (PP)水平与冠脉狭窄的关系。方法　回顾性分析 336例因胸痛住院接受冠脉造影且规则接受药物治疗下高血压病患者的脉压与冠脉狭窄的相关性。结果　①随着收缩压增高和舒张压的下降 ,脉压逐渐增大 ,冠状动脉狭窄级别、狭窄≥ 75 %血管支数和狭窄≥ 75 %的例数均明显增加 (P <0 .0 1)。②高血压病患者严重冠脉狭窄 (≥ 75 % )的发生与年龄、高血压病程和脉压相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,但与患者平均动脉压似无相关 (p >0 .0 5 )。③Logistic回归分析显示 ,PP与高血压病患者严重冠脉狭窄 (≥ 75 % )发生存在明显的相关性 ,PP每增加 10mmHg ,冠心病发生率增加 32 % (95 %CI :1.2 5～ 1.39,P <0 .0 0 0 1) ;在对年龄和高血压病程进行调整后 ,PP每增加 10mmHg仍显示增加冠心病发生率 2 1% (95 %CI:1.15～ 1.2 7,P <0 .0 0 0 1)。在其他血压参数中 ,收缩压 (SBP)同样与冠心病的发生密切相关。结论　高血压患者脉压水平与冠脉狭窄呈正相关关系 ,在降压治疗的同时 ,应缩小增大的脉压。     

呋塞米联合替米沙坦对老年高血压晨峰现象的疗效观察

目的探讨呋塞米联合替米沙坦对老年高血压患者的血压及血压晨峰的治疗效果。方法对52例具有晨峰现象的高龄老年高血压患者给予每日晨7:00口服呋塞米片20 mg,20:00口服替米沙坦片80 mg治疗,共治疗8周。治疗前、后对患者进行24 h血压监测。结果治疗8周后,患者血压均显著降低,其中24 h平均血压、醒后2 h平均血压、夜间睡眠时收缩压最低值、晨峰血压均明显降低。结论呋塞米联合替米沙坦可有效控制高龄老年患者的血压及血压晨峰,且耐受性良好。     

Enhanced diastolic reflections on arterial pressure pulse during exercise recovery

During recovery from a maximal or submaximal aerobic exercise, augmentation of central (aortic) systolic pressure by reflected pressure waves is blunted in healthy humans. However, the extent to which reflected pressure waves modify the central pulse in diastole in these conditions remains unknown. We evaluated systolic and diastolic central reflected waves in 11 endurance-trained athletes on recovery from a maximal running test on a treadmill (treadmill-max) and a 4000 m run in field conditions. On both occasions in each subject, the radial pulse was recorded with applanation tonometry in the resting preexercise state and then 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 min after exercise termination. From the central waveform, as reconstructed by application of a generalized transfer function, we computed a systolic (AIx) and a diastolic index (AId) of pressure augmentation by reflections. At 5 min, both indices were below preexercise. At further time-points, AIx remained low, while AId progressively increased, to overshoot above preexercise at 45 min. The same behavior was observed with both exercise types. Beyond the first few minutes of recovery following either maximal or submaximal aerobic exercise, reflected waves selectively augment the central pressure pulse in diastole, at least in endurance-trained athletes.