关节镜下修补半月板桶柄样撕裂的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨关节镜下修补半月板桶柄样撕裂的临床疗效.方法 关节镜下对61例63个桶柄样撕裂的半月板行修补手术,男38例,女23例;年龄16～47岁,平均27岁.内侧半月板后体部至前体部区域撕裂及外侧半月板胴肌腱前方区域撕裂采用标准的白内向外缝合技术;内侧半月板后角区域撕裂采用经两个后内侧入路的全关节内缝合技术;外侧半月板后角区域撕裂采用经前方关节镜入路的全关节内缝合技术.结果 61例63个半月板随访时间24～66个月,平均38个月.其中51例(53个半月板)行二次关节镜检.44个半月板(83%)完全愈合,5个半月板(9.4%)部分愈合,4个半月板(7.5%)不愈合.61例患者均进行临床评估,其中53例(87%)无临床症状,4例(6.5%)有部分临床症状,4例(6.5%)绞锁复发.总体评估:失效率为7.9%(5/63),成功率92.1%(包括完全愈合、部分愈合、无临床症状及部分临床症状者).结论 对于发生在红一红区或红一白区的半月板桶柄样撕裂,采用多种缝合技术进行牢靠的修补缝合,并且与前十字韧带重建同期进行,可以获得约92%的成功率.     

关节镜下部分切除治疗外侧盘状半月板损伤

目的探讨盘状半月板关节镜下诊断和部分切除治疗体会。方法对27例关节镜下确诊的盘状半月板患者,行半月板成形手术。手术切除半月板中间部位25例,保留中间部位半月板2例。结果术后25例关节交锁、肿胀消失,股四头肌肉周径平均提高3·3cm。结论盘状半月板撕裂,切除腘肌腱部位半月板损伤,保持前、后角半月板的稳定性是手术关键。     

囊肿切除联合撕裂半月板缝合术治疗半月板囊肿的临床研究

[目的]探讨关节镜下半月板囊肿切除后联合半月板撕裂全关节内缝合技术的临床应用特点.[方法]2006年8月～2008年5月共收集19例外侧半月板囊肿病例,其中男7例,女12例,通过MRI检查:其中半月板撕裂合并半月板囊肿14例,单纯滑膜囊肿5例,最终关节镜下诊断半月板撕裂合并半月板囊肿15例,单纯滑膜囊肿4例,通过关节镜将囊肿切除后,利用肩关节镜缝合器械将损伤的半月板缝合,继而进行有效的康复计划.然后应用Lysholm评分系统对术前术后的关节功能进行比较.[结果]平均随访20.5个月,所有病例恢复了正常的运动,没有发现关节内或关节外的术后并发症的产生.Lysholm scores 术前平均(64±5)分,术后平均(94±3)分.应用Studeng-t检验术前和术后的关节功能评分有显著的差异(P＜0.001).其中13例镜下随访发现11例完全愈合,2例不完全愈合.[结论]关节镜下半月板囊肿切除后联合半月板撕裂全关节内缝合技术(all-inside)无论在操作方面还是半月板的愈合方面都是一种简单有效的方法,是关节镜技术的一项创新和发展.     

部分切除和边缘缝合术治疗外侧盘状半月板损伤

[目的]观察关节镜下部分切除和边缘缝合术治疗外侧盘状半月板损伤的必要性及临床疗效。[方法]2006年1月～2009年6月,共收治32例外侧盘状软骨损伤,男13例,女19例;平均年龄27岁(15～51岁);术前均主诉膝外侧疼痛或活动受限,McMurray试验阳性,经MRI证实外侧盘状半月板损伤。所有病例均经关节镜检查证实,关节镜下切除盘状半月板中央部的白区部分,修整呈正常的半月板形状后,采用由外向内法或全内缝合法缝合撕裂的半月板边缘部分。27例患者得到随访,平均随访17个月(13～22个月),以最后一次随访的Lysholm膝关节评分评价手术前后膝关节功能。[结果](1)32例均有盘状半月板中央部白区的撕裂,前角边缘撕裂23例,体部边缘撕裂19例,后角边缘撕裂8例;(2)本组单纯部分切除成形术者仅4例,其余28例均同时进行了边缘缝合;(3)随访的27例患者术后关节疼痛及活动受限的症状均得到缓解,McMurray试验阴性;(4)术后最后一次随访的Lysholm评分从术前平均47分(32～65分)提高到平均88分(75～98分),根据改良的Lysholm膝关节分级标准,优19例,良5例,可3例,优良率达88.9%。[结论]外侧盘状半月板损伤常存在边缘撕裂,成形后应注意辨别,缝合撕裂的盘状半月板边缘有利于术后外侧半月板结构的稳定。     

桶柄样撕裂半月板缝合的临床及影像效果

[目的]分析半月板桶柄样撕裂行关节镜下半月板缝合患者临床及MRI表现,评估术后效果。[方法]回顾性分析本院2012年8月～2015年8月关节镜下桶柄样撕裂半月板行复位缝合,伴前交叉韧带断裂者同时行前交叉韧带重建手术的25例患者,男21例,女4例,平均年龄(28.07±7.08)岁。采用Lysholm、IKDC评分和MRI检查评价治疗效果。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,镜下证实内侧半月板损伤21例,外侧半月板损伤4例;撕裂部位位于红区17例,位于红白区8例;合并前交叉韧带断裂18例,未合并前交叉韧带断裂7例。所有患者随访13～24个月,平均(17.04±2.23)个月。随访过程中,2例单纯半月板缝合患者术后再次出现症状,再次行关节镜下部分切除未愈合的撕裂部分半月板。其余23例患者Lysholm评分由术前的(21.32±5.09)分提高到末次随访时(91.52±4.05)分(P0.05),IKDC膝关节功能主观评分由术前(25.00±4.59)分提高到末次随访时(91.32±4.26)分。MRI复查见半月板撕裂处T2质子相信号较术前明显降低,半月板形态恢复,未见明显新发撕裂,半月板愈合良好。[结论]半月板桶柄样撕裂经关节镜下缝合修复术临床效果满意,合并前交叉韧带损伤者同时进行前交叉韧带重建的效果优于单纯半月板缝合。     

关节镜下修复外侧半月板体部完全撕裂疗效观察

目的观察关节镜下修复外侧半月板体部完全撕裂的临床疗效。方法笔者自2010-01—2014-12采用关节镜下缝合修复治疗外侧半月板横断或斜行完全撕裂19例。术中先部分切除撕裂处无血供区半月板,保留红-白区和红区。联合采用施乐辉公司的缝合钩进行全关节内缝合、腰椎穿刺针进行自外向内缝合及林弗泰克公司的自内向外的双针缝合系统进行半月板修复,一般需3或4针。结果 19例均得到随访6~24个月,平均13个月。术后1个月均无关节肿胀,交锁,Mc Murray试验阴性,无一例感染。2例皮下出现线结反应,未予特殊处理。末次随访疗效按改良Lysholm评分标准评定:优15例,良3例,可1例,优良率94.7%。结论外侧半月板体部横断或斜行完全撕裂采用关节镜下缝合修复临床疗效满意。     

关节镜下治疗半月板桶柄状撕裂的近期疗效观察

目的探讨半月板桶柄状撕裂（BHT）治疗方法的选择以及临床效果。方法2007年5月至2009年5月收治的26例膝关节BHT患者纳入本次研究,在关节镜下根据损伤的不同部位进行相应的处理,对红区和红白区损伤的半月板行半月板缝合,对白区损伤患者进行半月板部分切除成形术,术后进行相应个体化的功能康复训练。结果对15例患者进行了半月板缝合术,其中12例体部及后角损伤行全关节缝合,3例前角损伤行由内向外缝合;11例行半月板部分切除成形术;25例患者获得随访（随访率为96．2％）,平均随访16-30个月,术后采用Lysholm关节功能评分标准进行疗效评定,术前功能评分（71．2±3．5）分,关节活动度（98．2±8．1）。;随访结束时关节功能评分（93．0±3．0）分,关节活动度（131．8±5．5）。,手术前后差别有统计学意义（t1=23．64,P1=0．00;t2：=17．28,P2=0．00）,修补与部分切除患者关节功能及关节活动度间的差别无统计学意义（t1=0．26,P1=0．80;t2=0．42,P2=0．68）。有2例半月板部分切除患者剧烈活动时有关节疼痛。结论关节镜下根据BHT的部位分别采用缝合或者部分切除术,均可取得较为满意的关节活动度和关节功能,并取得较为满意的近期疗效,但在避免关节疼痛方面缝合术优于部分切除术。     

盘状半月板的关节镜下治疗18例

目的探讨关节镜下盘状半月板的治疗方法与疗效。方法首先经膝关节前外侧入路置入关节镜,对患膝进行系统检查后,依据盘状半月板分型及损伤程度决定手术方式和半月板切除范围。18例盘状半月板,15例行关节镜下成形术,3例肌腱部自关节囊缘较广泛撕裂因无法成形而行全切术。1例自R区纵向撕裂在成形后行缝合修补术。结果按Ikeuchi氏膝关节评价等级:优10例(55.6%),好5例(27.8%),良3例(16.7%)。结论关节镜下盘状半月板成形术可获得优良疗效。     

膝关节镜下半月板缝合术18例临床分析

目的　评价膝关节镜下半月板缝合术的效果。　方法　 18例半月板损伤行关节镜下半月板损伤缝合手术 ,应用关节内 -外技术 ,对 16例红区损伤、2例红 -白区损伤病人行缝合术。　结果　随访 2年～ 6年 (平均 4年 ) ,病人疼痛缓解 ,16例交锁症状消失 ,根据JOA半月板损伤治疗成绩判断标准 ,手术前JOA为 (6 5 .0± 11.3)分 ,手术后JOA为 (87.0± 13.9)分 ,术前、术后比较有统计学差异 (t=5 .2 1,P <0 .0 1)。　结论　关节镜下半月板缝合手术具有损伤小 ,愈合率高等优点。     

关节镜下半月板损伤修复的治疗方法

目的探讨关节镜下半月板损伤缝合修复术的治疗方法和效果。方法1998年6月~2003年5月,收治110例膝半月板损伤患者。其中男78例,女32例。年龄14~66岁,平均27.5岁。半月板滑膜缘纵裂93例,横裂12例,潜行撕裂5例。半月板损伤部位侧缘损伤78例,近前角部损伤23例,近后角部损伤9例。术前Lysholm评分为57±12分。均在关节镜下应用可吸收缝线缝合修复损伤的半月板,其中2针91例,4针13例,6针4例,8针2例。术后行康复训练及随访观察效果。结果术后关节无血肿、伤口期愈合。全部获随访12~67个月,平均26个月。3例患者劳累后出现膝关节胀痛,1例半月板损伤症状再出现,再手术探查见半月板缝合处未完全愈合,行半月板部分切除,术后痊愈。其余患者症状消失,关节功能良好。术后Lysholm评分为92±7分。结论关节镜下半月板损伤缝合修复术安全、可靠、操作简便。缝线吸收后,避免对半月板的制约,使愈合的半月板更好地发挥其生理和生物力学功能。     

关节镜下1310例(侧)半月板损伤治疗效果分析

目的　分析关节镜下半月板损伤不同修复方法的效果 ,提出半月板损伤修复较适用的方法。方法　随访 1 31 0例 (侧 )半月板损伤镜下修复的病人 ,从发病年龄、受伤机理、镜下修复方法效果进行分析。结果　镜下半月板缝合优良率达 91 5 % ,半月板部分切除成形术优良率为 85 3 % ,半月板全切除优良率为 65 1 % ,6例少年儿童半月板损伤镜检术后未予缝合而用石膏外固定优良率为 1 0 0 %。结论　少年儿童半月板 (盘状半月板损伤需部分切除成形 )损伤采用非手术治疗 ;距结合部 5mm以内的半月板损伤采用缝合 ;应尽量避免切除半月板 ,完好部份应予保留修整成形     

Repeat tears of repaired menisci after arthroscopic confirmation of healing

We undertook 114 arthroscopic meniscal repairs in 111 patients and subsequently carried out second-look arthroscopy to confirm meniscal healing at a mean of 13 months after repair. Stable healing at the repaired site was seen in 90. Of these, however, 13 had another arthroscopy later for a further tear. The mean period between the repair and the observation of a repeat tear was 48 months. Of the 13 patients, 11 had returned to high activity levels (International Knee Documentation Committee level I or II) after the repair. An attempt should be made to preserve meniscal function by repairing tears, but even after arthroscopic confirmation of stable healing repaired menisci may tear again. The long-term rate of healing may not be as high as is currently reported. Second-look arthroscopy cannot predict late meniscal failure and may not be justified as a method of assessment for meniscal healing. Young patients engaged in arduous sporting activities should be reviewed regularly even after arthroscopic confirmation of healing.     

Arthroscopic meniscal repair with fibrin glue

Since 1984 we have arthroscopically repaired 40 meniscal tears in 32 patients using fibrin glue in our operative technique. This technique was reported initially in 1985 (Ishimura M, Samma M, Habata T, Fujisawa Y. The use of fibrin glue for fresh knee injury. Cent Jpn Orthop Traumat 1985; 28:1404-8), with a more detailed study published in 1987 [Ishimura M, Samma M, Fujisawa Y, et al. Arthroscopic repair of the meniscus tears with fibrin glue. Arthroscopy (Jpn) 1987;12:31-6]. During the follow-up period, which ranged from 10 months to 6 years and 7 months (mean: 3 years and 8 months), only two patients complained of meniscal symptoms and underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Twenty patients with 25 repairs underwent repeat arthroscopy at an average of 5.7 months (range: 2 months-1 year and 2 months) after the initial repair. Twenty repairs were rated as good, four as fair, and one as poor by arthroscopic evaluation criteria. At present, the most appropriate use of this arthroscopic meniscal gluing technique is in tears in the posterior segment, which are difficult to suture without arthrotomy. Even a long tear with a stable reduced position can be expected to show good healing. When reduction of the tear is not stable, additional sutures should be used.     

Techniques for meniscal refixation

Surgical Principles Midline approach for arthroscopy [7]. Palpation of the joint line of the involved compartment from outside. A needle armed with a suture is passed through skin, fat tissue, capsule, peripheral, and central meniscal fragment. A second armed needle is placed 1 cm beside the first in identical fashion. With the probe which is introduced by an anteromedial or lateral portal, the suture of the first needle is brought back outside the joint. Depending on needle location sutures can be placed in horizontal or vertical fashion. After preparation of the necessary number of sutures, the sutures are tightened one by one under direct arthroscopic vision of the meniscal tear. A far posteriorly located part of a rupture is thereafter treated via a short posteromedial or -lateral arthrotomy with the knee flexed at 90°. The capsular ring is transected vertically to get access to the central meniscal fragment. Vertical sutures are placed starting from the most posterior aspect of the tear, and then one by one the sutures are tightened. The capsular ring is sutured. The vertical sutures with the open technique usually show a better initial fixation strength than the arthroscopic sutures [17]. The work was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (Nr. 10396) and the Swedish Centre for Research in Sports.     

关节镜手术治疗半月板损伤的临床疗效

目的探讨应用关节镜手术治疗膝关节半月板损伤的临床疗效。方法应用关节镜微创技术治疗68例膝关节半月板损伤患者,采用Lysholm膝关节评分表进行疗效评价。结果 68例均获随访,时间6~24个月。Lysholm评分:术前44.3分±3.8分,术后6个月81.2分±5.1分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。按Molster对Lysholm评分的分级方法评价疗效:优49膝(72.1%),良8膝(11.8%),可9膝(13.2%),差2膝(2.9%),优良率为83.8%。结论应用关节镜微创手术诊治膝关节半月板损伤成功率高、创伤小;术后关节功能恢复快、并发症少。关节镜下根据半月板损伤的类型程度采取相应的治疗方案,并配合正规的术后康复训练可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Cysts of the lateral meniscus: arthroscopy versus arthroscopy plus open cystectomy

A retrospective analysis was performed on 32 knees in 31 patients with the diagnosis of cyst of the lateral meniscus. Average follow-up was 41 months, with a range of 16-72 months. Surgical and histological examination demonstrated pathology varying from large meniscal tears with minimal cyst formation to large cysts with no demonstrable meniscal tear. Two theories of etiology emerged: (a) The tear begins in the meniscus and spreads through the periphery. (b) The lesion begins as a compression injury to the vascular periphery and spreads centrally, producing a meniscus tear, or peripherally, producing a cyst, or both. In our series, 20 patients managed by arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and open cystectomy had 80% excellent-good results versus 50% excellent-good results in 12 patients treated with arthroscopy and partial meniscectomy without extraarticular cystectomy. We recommend the following treatment: arthroscopy with a diligent search for a lateral meniscal tear, especially peripherally. If none is found, proceed to extraarticular cystectomy. If a tear is found, remove all unstable meniscal fragments, leaving a rim, if possible, especially adjacent to the popliteus recess, and then proceed to open cystectomy.     

Coronary ligament rupture as a cause of medial knee pain

Three cases of a meniscal injury variant are presented, the signs and symptoms of which imitate meniscal tear, but that required no definitive intervention and resolved with conservative management. We include a review of the literature on these injuries. Three patients attended clinic giving a history and exhibiting symptoms suggestive of medial meniscal injury. Symptoms were severe and of long enough duration to warrant arthroscopic examination of the knees. These patients were found to have coronary ligament ruptures. All the patients were treated conservatively. The pain resolved in all cases over a few months. No patient required a second arthroscopy. The patients were followed up for 9 months in 2 cases and 2 years in 1 case. By final follow-up examination, all patients were symptom free. Meniscal cartilage tear is the most common injury to the knee requiring surgery. Standard practice is to diagnose meniscal tear based on history and clinical evaluation, and to proceed to arthroscopy if severity of symptoms warrants intervention. Although coronary ligament rupture is reported in the literature, these reports have been, in the main, arthrographic diagnoses. Three case reports with arthroscopic illustration are presented.     

Die arthroskopische Meniskusnaht

OBJECTIVE: Restoration of the function of the meniscus by suturing a tear to prevent long-term degeneration. INDICATIONS: Unstable longitudinal meniscal tear in the red and red-white zones with an intact central fragment. Dislocated bucket-handle tear near the base in the presence of good-quality tissue. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Lesion of the central meniscal fragment. Meniscal tears in the white, avascular zone. Degenerative meniscal lesions. Complex meniscal lesions. Untreated knee ligament instability. Uncooperative patient. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Standard anterior arthroscopy approach. Revitalization of the tear margins and the perimeniscal synovial membrane, trephination of the base of the meniscus to promote healing. Fixation of the tear with a resorbable or nonresorbable suture size 2-0 to 0 USP by means of different suture techniques. "Outside-in technique": the suture is introduced from outside the joint through the base of the meniscus using a cannulated needle and is then pulled back out using a suture loop inserted with another cannulated needle. The U-suture is knotted over the joint capsule through a stab incision. "Inside-out technique": the suture is introduced using a needle through a guide cannula from outside the joint through the meniscus and joint capsule and then brought out of the joint. The U-suture is knotted over the capsule through a short skin incision. "All-inside technique": the suture loop is passed through the meniscal tear and knotted within the joint using a posterior arthroscopy approach. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Full weight bearing without a brace for short tears with one suture. For tears with two sutures, partial weight bearing for 4 weeks without a brace. For large tears with three to four sutures, partial weight bearing up to 20 kp for 6 weeks and restricted knee motion in a brace up to 0/0/60 degrees . RESULTS: The healing rate for knee joints with stable ligaments and an isolated meniscal tear is between 50% and 75%. In cases with simultaneous ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) plasty, the healing rate is > 75%; for unstable knee joints it is < 50%.     

Die arthroskopische Meniskusrefixation mit einem All-inside-Nahtsystem

OBJECTIVE: Application of an arthroscopic suture system to restore the form and function of the meniscus by adaptation of a longitudinal tear close to the base. INDICATIONS: Unstable longitudinal tears near the base of the meniscus, mainly in the posterior horn of the medial or lateral of the meniscus. Dislocated bucket-handle tears of the medial and lateral meniscus close to the base. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Poor tissue quality with fibrillated meniscal tissue. Meniscal tears in the avascular zone (zone I). Insufficient blood supply from the joint capsule and the base of the meniscus. Degenerative meniscal lesions. Anterior or posterior knee joint instability. Allergic reactions to nonresorbable suture material. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Standard anterior arthroscopic portals. Arthroscopic assessment of the meniscal tear using the probe. Revitalization of the tear margins and perforation of the meniscal base to induce bleeding. Adaptation of the tear margins and fixation with a suture-anchor system using an ipsilateral standard portal for tears in the posterior horn or by way of a contralateral standard portal for tears in the lateral horn. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Full weight bearing with the knee in extension in a knee immobilizer, relative to the pain threshold in the 1st postoperative week. Range of motion exercises without weight bearing from full extension to 90 degrees knee flexion (0/0/90). If simultaneous reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is being performed, rehabilitation protocols follow the principles for ACL reconstruction. RESULTS: Since the year 2000, meniscal tears in more than 300 patients have been repaired with the all-inside suture system. In the context of a multicenter study by ESSKA (European Society for Sports Medicine, Surgery and Arthroscopy) involving 20 patients, the result was evaluated by direct MRI arthrography (gadolinium). The suture bar anchors were generally not detectable, the incision channels produced a hypodense signal in the meniscus tissue. If re-rupture occurred, it was because the meniscus had pulled out of the suture loop. Cartilaginous lesions were not found. There were no complications related to the nonresorbable suture bar anchors.     

Meniscal repair: Outcomes and clinical follow-up

A retrospective study of arthroscopic meniscal repair in 101 consecutive patients was conducted. Sixty-three patients constituted our study group. The arthroscopic technique used for meniscal repair was the inside-out method using malleable cannulas. Forty-five patients were available for clinical examination, with a mean follow-up of 27 months. Tegner and Lysholm scores were comparable to those previously reported for arthroscopic meniscal repair. The HSQ (similar to the SF-36) scores were equal to those from an age- and sex-matched normal population, indicating that individuals with repaired menisci do not have any residual negative effects on global health at mean 26.9 months' follow-up. The physical functioning subscale of the HSQ was found to be sensitive to patient perception of results. Complications included one case of restricted knee range of motion requiring arthroscopy and lysis of adhesions. Overall clinical results were 64% excellent, 27% good, and 9% failure. Age, sex, and length of the meniscal tear had no affect on clinical outcome.