浅谈口腔解剖生理学教学

<正>口腔解剖生理学是一门以研究口腔、颅、面、颈部诸部位的正常形态结构、功能活动规律及其临床应用为主要内容的学科,也是一门实践性很强的口腔医学基础课程。充分掌握理论课知识和实验课技能,才能为临床专业课的学习奠定坚实的基础。口腔解剖生理学理论内容多,新专业名词多达百种,而且复杂、琐碎,学生难免会感到枯燥、难记忆。为了激发学生的学习热情,提高学习积极性和学习效率,增强学生的自主学习和团队协作能     

口腔内科临床教学实践中医患沟通能力的培养

医患沟通是口腔诊疗过程中一个重要的组成部分,口腔内科临床教学中应重视医患沟通能力的培养。通过提高医学生的临床专业技能、强化医患沟通技能培训、树立法制观念及完善教学管理等措施,可实现在临床实习期间对口腔医学生的医患沟通能力的培养,使之快速成长为一名合格的现代口腔医生。     

解剖医学知识应用于医学物理实验教学的体会

<正>医学物理学是医学院校中临床医学、医学影像、预防检验、药学、护理等专业必修的一门以实验为基础的自然科学,让学生进行系统的科学实验方法、实验技能训练,对培养他们细致、敏锐的观察能力和严谨的科学思维能力具有举足轻重的作用[1]。在医学院校的众多专业基础课程中,解剖医学是一个实践性非常强的学科,尽管该学科的知识点多、理解和记忆较为困难,但对于初次接触到解剖医学的学生来说,总是迫切希望在学习过程中了解人体生理解剖结构与临床疾病的关系,求知欲望强烈。     

口腔解剖生理学教学中对学生综合素质及动手能力的培养

口腔医学是临床医学的一个分支，所培养的学生在今后的临床实践中，承担的是创造性工作，培养学生的综合素质及动手操作能力，是口腔医学教育的重要任务。口腔解剖生理学是一门实践性很强的口腔医学基础课课程，以研究口腔、颅、面、颈部诸部位的正常形态结构，功能活动规律及其临床应用为主要内     

临床导师制在口腔医学实习生中的初步实践

目的探索临床导师制在口腔医学实习生本科实习阶段中的应用价值。方法将我校口腔医学2011级本科实习生作为研究对象,实施导师制后,采用一系列评价手段,评价导师制的应用效果。结果实施导师制以后,实习学生的理论知识和临床技能均得到显著提高。结论导师制提高了医学实习生的临床实习成绩,提高了分析和解决临床问题、医患沟通能力,是一种有效可行的教学手段。     

LBL教学模式下探讨PBL法对神经外科临床实习教学的作用

正以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based leaning,PBL)是以学生为中心,采取问题引导,自我学习为主的一种新的教学模式,最终培养学生的自主学习能力,是一种具有与传统教学方法无法比拟的先进教学法。神经外科是外科学的重要分支,是一门[1]理论性与实践性很强的专业学科。由于神经科学知识专科性强,神经解剖复杂的特点,学生的记忆和理解过程非常困难,知识的转化及应用更加力不从心。传统的模式(强调理论LBL lecture based learning)     

口腔解剖生理学CAI课件的开发

口腔解剖生理学是口腔医学重要的专业基础课程,是一门以研究口腔、颅、面、颈部的正常形态结构,功能活动规律及其临床应用为主要内容的应用解剖学[1].学好口腔解剖生理学可为口腔内科学、口腔修复学、口腔正畸学等后期临床学科打下坚实基础[2].口腔解剖生理学课程内容特点为结构细小、不易观察、难以理解、教师用语言不易描述,研究开发其计算机辅助教学( computer assisted instruction,CAD课件,积极推进其教学手段的优化改革,对建立多元化智能的最佳教学模式,具有重要意义.     

创新髓腔解剖实习模式,提高学生动手能力

<正>口腔解剖生理是口腔专业的一门重要的基础课,主要阐述口腔颌面诸结构形态及功能的学科,为其它专业基础课和专业临床课奠定了必要的形态[1]学基础,属于桥梁学科的范畴。其中牙齿解剖形态及功能是口腔解剖生理的主要组成部分,充分掌握牙体形态将为临床专业课的学习奠定坚实的基础。因髓腔位于牙体内部无法直视,解剖形态复杂多样,故讲解时比较抽象,一直是教学的重点和难点。而髓腔解剖形态始终贯穿于口腔医学生未来的     

《种植义齿》多媒体CAI简介

种植义齿是口腔医学重要的组成部分之一。它涉及口腔修复学、口腔颌面外科学、口腔生物力学、口腔材料学等方面内容。由于种植义齿的理论复杂 ,临床操作步骤多 ,治疗周期长 ,不同于一般的口腔修复学教学内容 ,因而历来都是口腔修复学教师认为烦杂难以备课 ,而口腔医学生认为深奥难以理解的部分。近年来随着计算机技术的迅速发展 ,多媒体计算机辅助教学课件 (computer aided instruction,CAI)被广泛应用于医学教育中。它具有直观、形象、可交互等的多方面优点 ,因而受到广大教师与学生的欢迎 ,成为教学改革的一个重要组成部分。选择种植义…     

如何加强口腔医学生医学美学的教育

口腔医学生对美学的认识是非常必要的。通过对美学知识的普及、师资队伍的建设以及专业知识与美学教育的方法,使口腔医学生的审美技能在口腔临床工作中得到更好的发挥和融会贯通。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964