浙江省桐乡市曼氏裂头蚴感染情况及人群知识、态度、行为调查

目的 调查浙江省桐乡市裂头蚴感染情况及人群知晓情况,为其感染和防控提供依据。方法 2016-2017年以浙江省桐乡市10个乡（镇）为调查点,在各调查点捕获野生青蛙和蛇及养殖场的牛蛙,逐只（条）解剖并鉴定曼氏裂头蚴感染情况。结果 共捕获野生青蛙521只,曼氏裂头蚴平均感染率为11.71%;各乡（镇）曼氏裂头蚴感染率差异无统计学意义（2=9.840,P0.05）;各体质量组青蛙的感染率差异有统计学意义（2=16.570,P0.01）;共捕获6条野生蛇,自然感染率为83.33%,以濮院镇感染度最高,为143条/只;未发现养殖场牛蛙感染。人群预防知识知晓率仅为33.47%。结论 桐乡市野生蛙和蛇的曼氏裂头蚴感染率较高,人群预防知识知晓率普遍较低,应采取健康教育等有效措施,做好防控工作。     

无锡地区农贸市场青蛙曼氏裂头蚴感染情况调查

目的了解无锡地区农贸市场青蛙曼氏裂头蚴感染情况,评估感染风险。方法于2016-2017年在无锡地区选取江阴市、宜兴市、滨湖区三个区县,在农贸市场购买青蛙共300只。把青蛙剥皮后,检查和分离寄生于青蛙体内的裂头蚴,同时记录虫体寄生部位和数量。结果市场出售青蛙其中感染裂头蚴的31只,阳性感染率10.33%;共检出裂头蚴52条,平均感染度1.68条/只;三县区青蛙曼氏裂头蚴感染率无明显差异;不同体重大小青蛙曼氏裂头蚴感染率无明显差异;曼氏裂头蚴寄生部位以青蛙肌肉内为主。结论无锡地区农贸市场销售的青蛙存在较为严重的裂头蚴感染,对人群有潜在致病威胁,应采取综合性防治措施加强对曼氏裂头蚴病的防控。     

口腔寄生裂头蚴手术护理体会

裂头蚴是曼氏迭宫绦虫的幼虫。曼氏迭宫绦虫（Spirometra mansoni Joyeux Houdemer, 1928）又称孟氏裂头绦虫，属于假叶目，裂头科的虫种。成虫寄生在猫、狗等体内。因此俗称猫裂头绦虫。     

生青蛙皮治疗皮肤病致曼氏裂头蚴病2例报告

1 引言 曼氏裂头蚴病,是曼氏裂头蚴侵入人体引起的疾病.本病感染途径通常是:①局部贴敷蛙肉、蛇皮(含有裂头蚴);②食用生的或半生的蛙肉、蛇肉.本院收治2例,均为用活青蛙肚皮摩擦疱疹状皮肤所致(广东潮汕民间常以此法"脱毒消炎"以治疗皮肤病).该病罕见,现报告如下.     

胸壁曼氏裂头蚴感染1例治疗与护理

曼氏裂头蚴病是人兽共患的寄生虫病,为由曼氏迭宫绦虫的幼虫在人体各组织脏器间不断移行所致的疾病。目前曼氏裂头蚴病在我国已有数千例报告,其中广东报道的病例数排在首位[1]。由于很多的感染和病例未被认识或报道,我国该病的实际感染数和发病     

尿路曼氏裂头蚴病1例

正曼氏裂头蚴病是由曼氏迭宫绦虫的幼虫寄生于人眼、四肢、皮下、面部、内脏等部位引起的一种人兽共患寄生虫病。目前,我国已有数千例报道,其中以眼部和皮下最为常见~([1-2])。但尿路曼氏裂头蚴病报道却极为罕见~([3])。本文将深圳市龙华新区人民医院尿路曼氏裂头蚴病1例报道如下。1临床资料患者,黄某,男,28岁,江西籍,来深圳打工多年,近来无诱     

曼氏迭宫绦虫裂头蚴活体供肾脂肪囊寄生1例

通过现有病例结合相关文献分析曼氏裂头蚴在供肾的寄生特征.49岁女性自愿捐献一肾脏给儿子,健康评估结果符合活体捐献肾脏标准.供肾切取后,修肾时发现供肾腹侧面脂肪囊内近肾门处有一长条形囊肿,切开囊肿,从中抽出一条乳白色活动的带状虫体,经鉴定为曼氏迭宫绦虫裂头蚴(活体).囊肿病理检查为肉芽肿性炎症,并中性粒细胞及嗜酸粒细胞浸润.术后供、受者均服用吡喹酮治疗,3个月内多次粪检均未见节片和虫卵排出,也无任何不适症状.供者感染的方式和途径可能是食用未熟的转续宿主肉类或误食受感染的剑水蚤.肾移植前供、受者应进行曼氏裂头蚴等寄生虫感染的检查.由于寄生于肾脏的裂头蚴由于无明显症状,很少被发现,从粪便中查到本虫虫卵为诊断曼氏迭宫绦虫病的依据,询问病史有一定参考价值,血中嗜酸粒细胞增多常提示慢性寄生虫感染,必要时还可以进行动物感染实验,还可以用裂头蚴抗原进行各种免疫学试验可为该病提供免疫学辅助诊断依据.确诊主要靠手术或病理组织检查取得虫体即可确诊并治疗.综合采用CT检查和MRI检查等放射影像技术对供肾裂头蚴病有一定的鉴别诊断价值.     

曼氏裂头蚴致胸腔积液l例

曼氏裂头蚴病是由曼氏迭宫绦虫的幼虫一曼氏裂头蚴侵入人体引起的疾病。文献报道多见由曼氏裂头蚴引起脑、眼、皮肤等病变,引起胸腔积液少见。本院2008年2月收治1例由曼氏裂头蚴所致胸腔积液,报道如下。     

曼氏裂头蚴致胸腔积液1例

曼氏裂头蚴病是由曼氏迭宫绦虫的幼虫-曼氏裂头蚴侵入人体引起的疾病.文献报道多见由曼氏裂头蚴引起脑、眼、皮肤等病变,引起胸腔积液少见.本院2008年2月收治1例由曼氏裂头蚴所致胸腔积液,报道如下.     

曼氏裂头蚴病12例临床特点分析

目的：分析12例曼氏裂头蚴病患者的临床特点，以提高临床医师对该病的认识。方法：收集我院1996年1月至2008年3月曼氏裂头蚴病患者12例，总结其临床表现、流行病学特点及诊断要点等，并结合文献进行分析。结果：12例曼氏裂头蚴病患者临床表现各不相同．分别表现为中枢神经系统症状．头痛、视物旋转等5例；皮下肿块4例；胸痛、咳嗽1例；全身蚁行感1例；局部敷贴青蛙皮肉处溃烂、肿胀1例。所有患者外周血曼氏裂头蚴抗体检查均呈阳性，所有诊断均经病理活检和虫体鉴定证实。12例患者中7例男性，5例女性．男女比例1．4：1，其中9例有常食用蛙肉、蛇肉史。结论：曼氏裂头蚴病1临床表现各不相同，为减少误诊、漏诊及延迟诊断，1临床实践中要注意掌握该病流行病学资料和行寄生虫抗体检查，必要时作脑部CT、MRI检查，并可进一步作病理活检及虫体鉴定确诊。     

Endothelium activation related increase of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human schistosomiasis. Lack of correlation with serology

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) level was measured in sera from 41 patients with Schistosoma mansoni schistosomiasis and compared with the sICAM-1 level in 41 healthy subjects. A significant increase in serum sICAM-1 was observed in patients with schistosomiasis compared with control subjects. As they were inhabitants of the French Antilles, the patients were, however, not settled in a malaria endemic zone, allowing this cause of sICAM-1 enhancement to be eliminated. No correlation was found between the level of sICAM-1 and the schistosomiasis serological titre. Such results favour the hypothesis of an activation of vascular endothelial cells due to egg deposition.     

Antiidiotypic antibody vaccine in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni comprising the internal image of antigen.

This study presents the characterization of an experimental immunotherapeutic approach for schistosomiasis utilizing antiidiotypic antibodies. Antiidiotype (31-3B6) was generated in rabbits using a protective murine monoclonal antibody 31-3B6 which recognizes a 68,000-D molecular mass glycoprotein present in extracts of Schistosomiasis mansoni adult worm homogenetics. Immunization of mice with antiidiotype (31-3B6) before S. mansoni cercariae infection resulted in protection levels ranging from 16 to 41% depending on the route of administration of antiidiotypic antibody and the use of adjuvant. Levels of protection as high as 25% could be obtained with a single injection of antiidiotype (31-3B6) without the use of adjuvant. Animals noted to be resistant to infection with S. mansoni cercariae were also noted to exhibit a humoral immune response that bound components of S. mansoni adult worm homogenetics. This induced antiantigen immune response was shown to bind to the surface of S. mansoni schistosoma by indirect immunofluorescence. Further characterization of the induced antiantigen response showed that a portion (3-32%) of the induced humoral immune response portrayed the binding specificities of the murine monoclonal antibody 31-3B6. The data indicate that antiidiotype antibodies generated utilizing defined monoclonal antibodies can act as surrogate antigens in the protection of infection in schistosomiasis.     

Immunological crossreactivity between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virion infectivity factor and a 170-kD surface antigen of Schistosoma mansoni

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against a synthetic peptide derived from the sequence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory protein virion infectivity factor (vif) labeled the surface of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula by indirect immunofluorescence. Western blotting showed that two S. mansoni proteins of 170 and 65 kD were recognized by the mAb. Sera from 20% of S. mansoni-infected HIV-seronegative individuals tested recognized the PS4 peptide in an ELISA as did sera from S. mansoni-infected rats. Sera from individuals seropositive for HIV-1, but without schistosomiasis, that reacted with the vif peptide also recognized a 170-kD S. mansoni protein. This crossreactive S. mansoni antigen appears to be a target of immunity in vivo since passive transfer of the mAb VIF-CD3 to naive rats had a protective effect against a challenge infection with S. mansoni cercariae.     

Assessment of multiple cardiocentesis in ball pythons (Python regius).

This study evaluated the gross and microscopic effects of serial blood collection from six ball pythons (Python regius) by using cardiocentesis. We collected 39 blood samples from each snake over a 120-day period. Cardiocentesis was performed on manually restrained snakes, with each sample requiring approximately 15 sec to collect. No clinically apparent complications were noted in any of the snakes after the cardiocentesis procedures, and all snakes survived until they were euthanized 73 days after the last blood sample. Minimal gross lesions were noted at necropsy; faint brown pigmentation of the pericardium was present in five of six snakes, and three snakes had approximately 0.5 ml dark pigmented fluid in the pericardial space. One snake had a small, organized hematoma in the pericardial space. Microscopic findings were limited to moderate and regularly arranged collagen fibrosis and focal thickening of the epicardium. The pericardial sac in all snakes had a mild infiltrate of hemosiderin-laden macrophages and small numbers of heterophils. The results suggest that serial cardiocentesis is well tolerated in ball pythons.     

Studies on Japanese encephalitis virus infection of reptiles. II. Role of lizards on hibernation of Japanese encephalitis virus

A series of experiments on the role of lizards as overwintering hosts of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was carried out. Two species of lizards, T. tachydromoides and E. latiscutatus, 2 species of mosquitoes, Cx. p. fatigans and Cx. p. pallens, and 2 strains of JEV, JaGAr#01 and JaGAr 19461, were used in this study. Firstly transmission of JEV from infected mosquitoes to uninfected lizards and from infected lizards to normal mice by the bite of mosquitoes was demonstrated successfully. Cx. pipiens group mosquitoes were found to feed readily on lizards as compared to Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, the primary vector of JEV in Japan. Secondly simulated hibernation of JEV in lizards was carried out under indoor and outdoor conditions. In the outdoor hibernation, lizards were injected with JEV on October 14, 1968, entered in hibernation on October 19 and were recovered from hibernation on April 10, 1969. Viremias were demonstrated in the lizards for a few weeks in late April. Thirdly JEV isolation and HI antibody detection were attempted from blood samples of field-caught reptiles, 7 species of snakes and 3 species of lizards and among amphibians, 2 species of frogs. HI antibody against JEV was found at a rate of 14.3% from E. latiscutatus and 4.0% from T. tachydromoides, though JEV was not isolated from all the blood samples of these cold-blooded animals. The roles of lizards as overwintering hosts of JEV were discussed.     

杭州市男男性行为人群HIV和梅毒螺旋体血清抗体阳转情况队列研究

目的 了解杭州市男男性行为人群(MSM)的艾滋病病毒(HIV)和梅毒螺旋体血清抗体阳转情况。 方法 于2011年6月在杭州市上城区、下城区、江干区、拱墅区和西湖区5个主要城区的自愿咨询检测门诊招募80名MSM组建队列。在基线、3个月和6个月调查其高危行为情况,并采集血样检测HIV和梅毒螺旋体血清抗体。 结果 基线调查纳入80名HIV抗体阴性的调查对象,梅毒螺旋体阳性率为3.75%(3/80)。队列随访6个月,MSM队列保持率为92.5%(74/80),HIV 血清抗体阳转率为10.7/100人年,梅毒阳转率为13.9/100人年。 结论 杭州市MSM人群HIV和梅毒血清阳转情况十分严重。应加大该人群的艾滋病宣传干预力度,探索开展更为有效的干预措施。     

In vitro and in vivo studies of the effect of artemether on Schistosoma mansoni.

To determine whether artemether, a derivative of the antimalarial agent qinghaosu, is therapeutically active against Schistosoma mansoni, we determined the in vitro, in vivo, and histopathologic effects of the drug on S. mansoni worms. In vitro, toxic effects of artemether on S. mansoni were not seen at concentrations of less than 100 micrograms/ml. However, in vivo, 30 and 50% reductions in the lengths of male and female worms, respectively, were observed 14 days after treatment. By 56 days worm dimensions had returned to control values. Similar reversible effects on male testes and female ovaries were seen. In vivo, a single oral dose of artemether (300 mg/kg) induced a shift of worms towards the liver within 8 h after treatment. By 3 and 14 days after treatment, 99 and 76%, respectively, of worms were still in the liver. In vivo, the therapeutic effect of artemether on adult S. mansoni treated on day 56 after infection was modest. Doses as high as 1,200 mg (200 mg/kg per day, six doses) resulted in a worm reduction rate of only 39%. However, in infected mice treated on day 14 or 21 after infection, worm reduction rates of 83 to 98% were obtained. Thus, artemether exhibited modest in vitro and in vivo activities against adult S. mansoni but was twofold more active against 2- to 3-week-old liver-stage parasites.     

Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction as an additional tool for the diagnosis of low-intensity Schistosoma mansoni infection

The aim of the present study was to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as an alternative tool for diagnosing schistosomiasis in individuals with low-level parasite burden from areas of low endemicity or under occasional risk of infection by Schistosoma mansoni. A total of 102 samples were tested in this study using 2 PCR assays utilizing distinct primer pairs. One of the primer pairs was targeted to a highly repeated 121-base pair sequence of S. mansoni, and the other was targeted to Schistosoma 28S rDNA. The samples were divided into 4 groups according to parasite burden of the individual as follows: 16 individuals with schistosomiasis excreting less than 10 eggs per gram of feces (EPG), 18 individuals excreting higher than 10 EPG, 22 individuals with reactive IgG-ELISA against S. mansoni soluble membrane antigen and negative coproscopy, and 46 controls samples including 25 individuals with other intestinal parasites and 21 individuals with negative parasitologic examination. The results obtained with stool samples from individuals with schistosomiasis showed a high sensitivity for PCR as S. mansoni DNA was detected in 91% (31/34) of the samples analyzed. No amplification was observed in 3 stool samples from individuals excreting below 10 EPG. The specificity of the test for both pairs of primers was 100%. In the group of seropositive individuals, S. mansoni DNA was detected in 59% (13/22) of fecal samples, corroborating the serologic results. Overall, PCR can be an important tool for detecting S. mansoni infection in individuals excreting few eggs in feces. Moreover, the determination of the infection through the detection of S. mansoni DNA in stool samples from seropositive individuals represents a new means of confirming the results of IgG-ELISA for schistosomiasis. Therefore, studies in this direction should be encouraged and extended.