髋臼骨折的X线及CT诊断分析

目的：总结123侧髋臼骨折的Judet-Letoumel分类表现。比较X线平片检查与CT检查在髋臼骨折诊断中的价值。方法：本组患者109例，其中14例为双侧髋臼骨折，共123侧髋臼骨折，全部经手术证实并行X线平片检查，CT检查，其中36例行CT三维重建。由有经验的医师分别单独依据X线资料，单独依据CT检查资料，或依据X线结合CT资料对骨折进行分析并依据Judet-Letoumel分类法分型，然后由2位手术医师共同根据手术中所见作出最终诊断，比较诊断符合情况。同时对髋臼内能否发现碎骨块进行记录比较。结果：单独依据X线平片诊断符合112例(91．1％)，依据CT资料诊断符合114例(92．6％)，依据X线平片与CT结合诊断符合120例(97．6％)。前两组比较无统计学差异，X线平片与CT结合组与前两组比较有显著性差异。对髋臼内骨折碎块判断：本组123例患者中有77例手术发现髋臼内合并有碎骨片，平片发现32例，显示率为41．5％。CT显示73例，显示率为93．6％，两者比较有显著性差异。结论：X线检查与CT检查对于髋臼骨折Judet-Letoumel分类诊断符合率无明显区别，两者结合可提高诊断准确率。CT检查对髋臼内骨折碎块的诊断价值优于X线平片。     

Computed tomography of Toxocara canis endophthalmitis

Many lesions, termed pseudogliomas, may mimic the appearance of retinoblastoma, both clinically and on computed tomography. The appearance of Toxocara canis endophthalmitis on computed tomography is presented. The role of computed tomography in the evaluation of patients presenting with leukokoria is discussed.     

Interobserver reliability for computed tomography findings of adnexal torsion

Pelvic pain is a common presenting symptom in the emergency room, and prompt diagnosis of adnexal torsion is essential to reduce the risk of irreversible ovarian ischemia. Although ultrasound has been the study of choice for the diagnosis of adnexal torsion, patients with pelvic pain may often be imaged first with computed tomography given the prevalent use of computed tomography in the emergency department. Therefore, it is essential to be familiar with the computed tomography signs of adnexal torsion. A retrospective study of 40 patients with adnexal torsion with and without an adnexal mass was conducted to evaluate interobserver reliability for the computed tomography signs of adnexal torsion. With the exception of deviation of the uterus to the twisted side, interobserver reliability was fair for all computed tomography signs of adnexal torsion. There was no difference in interobserver reliability for most signs between patients with a mass and those without. However, for a twisted vascular pedicle, there was moderate agreement in patients with a mass and no agreement for patients without a mass. Although many computed tomography signs of adnexal torsion have been described, interobserver reliability for most of these signs was found to be fair.     

Pre- and post-interventional follow-up of stent graphs with single and multi-slice spiral computerized tomography

PURPOSE: Could contrast enhanced computed tomography replace conventional catheter angiography in the preoperative evaluation of aortic aneurysms before stentgraft implantation? Does multi slice computed tomography have advantages comparing to single slice computed tomography? METHODS: We compared 15 single slice with 13 multi slice computed tomography studies and reconstructions according to there ability to replace conventional catheter angiography in the preoperative evaluation. In the postoperative follow-up 60 single slice computed tomography studies were compared to 60 multi slice studies. RESULTS: By using appropriate reconstructions the spiral computed tomography studies could deliver all information necessary for implantation. In our study no advantage of multi slice computed tomography could be detected. In the postoperative evaluation of stentgrafts our computed tomography scan protocol could detect all relevant complications in single and multi slice computed tomography. No significant advantage of multi slice computed tomography could be detected. CONCLUSION: Contrast enhanced computed tomography is equal to conventional catheter angiography in the pre- and postoperative evaluation of stengrafts. No significant advantage of multi slice versus single slice could be detected.     

Dyke Postmortem CT and Award. autopsy in perinatal intracranial hemorrhage

To improve interpretation of intracranial computed tomographic findings in vivo, postmortem computed tomography was correlated directly with autopsy findings in 105 specimens of human stillborn and live-birth infants, ranging in age from gestational week 13 to postnatal month 18. This study identifies the typical computed tomographic appearance of intradural and other hemorrhages, attempts to correlate the type of hemorrhage with brain maturity, and documents that postmortem computed tomography is useful to the neuropathologist as a supplementary method complementing the traditional postmortem examination.     

Use of computed tomography in appendicitis: technique, findings, and pitfalls

Twelve patients with acute appendicitis were studied by computed tomography. Our technique of conducting the examination, the computed tomography signs, and the pitfalls encountered in studying these patients are presented. Use of computed tomography should be considered whenever the clinical presentation is atypical or confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is necessary.     

Computed tomography of juxtacardiac pheochromocytoma

The diagnosis of juxtacardiac pheochromocytoma was made with the help of three-dimensional computed tomography, angiography, and radionuclide scintigraphy, and was proved at surgery. If findings on adrenal computed tomography are normal and the clinical and laboratory findings support the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, the patient should be further investigated by computed tomography or radionuclide-guided computed tomography and angiography to determine the extraadrenal location of this tumor. If the abnormal area is in the mediastinum, it is essential to do either direct coronal computed tomography imaging of the suggestive area or to obtain coronal and sagittal reconstruction images to investigate the relationship of the lesion to the great vessels and cardiac chambers.     

Computed tomographic evaluation of the retroperitoneum in infants and children

With many retroperitoneal diseases in infancy and childhood, computed tomography will give information unavailable by any other single imaging technique. This maxim applies particularly to the adrenal, where the percolating nature of neuroblastoma with its propensity toward spinal involvement is exquisitely shown with computed tomography. Renal neoplasms and trauma can be illustrated effectively with computed tomography, as can pancreatic disease and spinal and paraspinal inflammatory and neoplastic disease. In addition to diagnostic studies, computed tomography may be used as guidance for invasive procedures.     

Excretory urography and computed tomography in the initial evaluation of patients with cervical cancer: are both examinations necessary?

One hundred ten patients with carcinoma of the cervix were studied to determine if both excretory urography and computed tomography are needed for routine evaluation. Computed tomography gave more information in 25 patients and the excretory urogram was more informative in 10 patients. Thirty-five hydroureters were detected by computed tomography, whereas excretory urography identified 21. The hydroureter in its entirety was seen more often using computed tomography, and the site of obstruction was identified in 29 of 35 cases. The superiority of computed tomography was particularly evident in patients with stage IIB or more advanced lesions. In stage I-IIA lesions, both techniques yielded the same information about the urinary tract. It was concluded that routine use of both examinations is not indicated. Excretory urography is currently sufficient in evaluation of stage I or IIA lesions, while computed tomography obviates excretory urography in patients with advanced cervical cancer (IIB-IVB).     

Validation of ultrafast computed tomographic left ventricular volume measurement

Left ventricular volume has been measured with ultrafast computed tomography. However, the accuracy with which this can be done is unknown. We therefore imaged with ultrafast computed tomography 11 rectangular phantoms, 20 to 225 ml, and 17 left ventricular casts, 15 to 112 ml. Two observers planimetered serial tomographic images and computed volume from sequential tomograms. There was no significant inter- or intraobserver difference in measurement of phantoms. Deviation of ultrafast computed tomographic volume from true phantom volume was -0.1 +/- 3.5% SD, range 9.0 to -7.6%. Correlation of true phantom volume with ultrafast computed tomographic volume was 0.99, SEE = 1.9 ml. No significant difference was observed between merged and single ultrafast computed tomographic scanning sequences. Left ventricular cast volume determined by ultrafast computed tomography deviated from true volume by 6% +/- 20%, range 54% to -45%. Correlation of true volume with ultrafast computed tomographic volume was 0.99, SEE = 5.1 ml. There was no interobserver significant difference in measurement of left ventricular cast volume. Correlation between ultrafast computed tomographic volume and cineradiographic volume of the same left ventricular casts was 0.99, SEE = 4.4 ml. Thus, phantom volumes can be measured accurately without significant intra- or interobserver variation. Merged scanning sequences did not influence volume determination. Left ventricular cast volume determination was comparable to that obtained with cineradiography.     

低剂量双期扫描在颅脑CTA中的应用价值

目的:探讨MSCT低剂量双期扫描在脑血管病变的成像质量与诊断价值。方法:41例临床怀疑有脑血管病变的患者行低剂量双期CT动脉及静脉成像检查,另收集41例对照组患者行常规减影CTA;评价2种方法在脑血管的成像质量,测量X线辐射剂量,并从脑血管显示率、病变检出、病变来源、病变定性及与周围组织毗邻情况方面评价低剂量双期CT动脉及静脉成像对脑血管病变的诊断意义。结果:低剂量双期CT动脉及静脉成像的辐射剂量明显低于常规减影CTA,图像质量无明显差异(P=0.975)。低剂量双期CT动脉及静脉成像与常规减影CTA对病变检出质量的比较,5分的病变分别占95.12%,26.83%,低剂量双期CT动脉及静脉成像质量明显高于常规减影CTA(P=0.000)。结论:低剂量双期CT动脉及静脉成像的图像质量无明显下降,辐射剂量明显降低,且能够清晰显示病变来源及与周围组织毗邻情况,病变检出率、病变定性水平均有提高;对脑血管病变有较高的诊断价值。     

Digital chest radiology.

With an increasing number of storage phosphor computed radiography units being installed worldwide, the evaluation of digital chest radiology is no longer being confined to experimental determinations of adequate imaging variables. There has been a substantial increase in the number of clinically based studies that have compared computed radiography with conventional film radiography. The applications of computed radiography are widening and further developments in dual-energy imaging and scanning equalization radiography have become possible through the use of phosphor storage computed radiography. Computer-assisted diagnosis applied to chest radiography may shortly be revolutionized by artificial intelligence, which is capable of assimilating both radiographic and clinical data.     

Clinical application of multidetector row computed tomography in patient with breast cancer

Although multidetector row computed tomography is not the primary method of evaluating breast cancer, it could be performed as an excellent alternative, especially in the presence of magnetic resonance contraindications. Moreover, computed tomography can still have an important role in evaluation of nodal status, thoracic invasion, and distant metastasis because of the large area covered in a single examination. Our experience together with literature indicates that multidetector row computed tomography is a powerful supplementary method for evaluation of patients with breast cancer.     

计算机乳腺X线摄影单面阅读和双面阅读系统影像质量与辐射剂量的比较研究

目的对比研究计算机乳腺X线摄影单面阅读系统和双面阅读系统影像质量和辐射剂量。资料与方法在相同的辐射剂量下用计算机乳腺X线摄影单面阅读系统和双面阅读系统对ALVIM统计学乳腺摄影模体TRM进行曝光,记录摄影条件为26 kV、55 mAs,模体表面入射剂量(ESD)和腺体平均剂量(AGD)分别为2.18 mGy和0.65mGy,然后固定此摄影条件kV值,选用不同mAs值(60 mAs、50 mAs、45 mAs、40 mAs、35 mAs)用计算机乳腺X线摄影双面阅读系统对模体进行曝光,记录ESD和AGD,并将所获取的影像在图像诊断工作站显示器上由三名放射学专家进行视读打分,按照5值判断法评判,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算出每种信号的判断概率值Pdet,对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果在ESD和AGD分别为2.18 mGy和0.65 mGy时,双面阅读系统所摄取模体影像内容物中不同直径钙化点和肿块灶的Pdet值分别是0.731～0.924和0.671～0.945,单面阅读系统所摄取模体影像内容物中不同直径钙化点和肿块灶的Pdet值分别是0.530～0.561和0.476～0.581。在相同的判断概率值Pdet下,计算机乳腺X线摄影单面阅读系统所用ESD和AGD分别为2.18 mGy和0.65 mGy,计算机乳腺X线摄影双面阅读系统所用的ESD和AGD分别为1.75 mGy和0.53 mGy,双面阅读系统较单面阅读系统ESD减少了19.6%,AGD减少18.4%。结论在相同曝光条件下,计算机乳腺X线摄影双面阅读系统对模体内容物的检出率高于计算机乳腺X线摄影单面阅读系统;在获得相似图像质量时,计算机乳腺X线摄影双面阅读系统的辐射剂量明显低于计算机乳腺X线摄影单面阅读系统。     

Giant cell tumor of the spine: computed tomography appearance and review of the literature

Giant cell tumor of the vertebral body is a rare but well-recognized entity with a reported incidence between 1.3% and 9.3% of all giant cell tumors. It has been suggested that computed tomography may be helpful in making the diagnosis, although computed tomography appearances have only been described on two occasions. A case of giant cell tumor of the thoracic spine and a review of the literature regarding this entity are presented. The computed tomography appearance of this lesion is described. However, a distinctive pattern, as previously suggested, is not demonstrated. Although we are not convinced that computed tomography provides a definitive diagnosis in cases of spinal giant cell tumor, it is a valuable asset in defining the extent of the tumor and in posttherapy evaluation and follow-up.     

Limited usefulness of routine head and neck CT angiogram in the imaging assessment of dizziness in the emergency department

ObjectiveTo assess the usefulness of head and neck computed tomography angiogram for the investigation of isolated dizziness in the emergency department in detecting significant acute findings leading to a change in management in comparison to non-contrast computed tomography scan of the head.MethodsPatients presenting with isolated dizziness in the emergency department investigated with non-contrast computed tomography and computed tomography angiogram over the span of 36 months were included. Findings on non-contrast computed tomography were classified as related to the emergency department presentation versus unrelated/no significant abnormality. Similarly, computed tomography angiogram scans were classified as positive or negative posterior circulation findings.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-three patients were imaged as a result of emergency department presentation with isolated dizziness. Fourteen cases were diagnosed clinically as of central aetiology. Non-contrast computed tomography was positive in three patients, all with central causes with sensitivity 21.4%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 92.6% and accuracy 92.8%. Computed tomography angiogram was positive for angiographic posterior circulation abnormalities in five cases, and only two of them had a central cause of dizziness, with sensitivity 14.3%, specificity 97.7%, positive predictive value 40%, negative predictive value 91.46% and accuracy 92.1%.ConclusionBoth non-contrast computed tomography and computed tomography angiogram of the head and neck have low diagnostic yield for the detection of central causes of dizziness, However, non-contrast computed tomography has higher sensitivity and positive predictive value than computed tomography angiogram, implying a lack of diagnostic advantage from the routine use of computed tomography angiogram in the emergency department for the investigation of isolated dizziness. Further studies are required to determine the role of computed tomography angiogram in the work-up of isolated dizziness in the emergency department.     

The Leriche syndrome. A comparative investigation using angiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography

Nine patients with Leriche syndrome were examined with angiography, computed tomography and routine abdominal ultrasonography. The diagnosis was readily obtained with angiography and computed tomography, while ultrasonography conducted with a linear array real time scanner failed to establish essential features of the disorder. This is mainly because the thrombosed portion of the aorta does not produce any striking alteration of the echo structure of the vessel. Contrast computed tomography defines the abnormalities of the aorta in great detail.     

Computed tomography of the brain stem with intrathecal metrizamide. Part II: lesions in and around the brain stem

The practical usefulness of computed tomography with intrathecal metrizamide in imaging the brain stem is illustrated in six examples where the lesions were misdiagnosed on intravenously enhanced computed tomography, angiography, or air study. Focal and diffuse atrophic changes of the brain stem were demonstrated in symptomatic patients where none of the other radiographic or clinical investigations were conclusive. Metrizamide computed tomography is probably the most sensitive method for imaging lesions in and around the brain stem and cerebellopontine angle.     

State of the art paper: Cardiac computed tomography of the left atrium in atrial fibrillation

The clinical spectrum of atrial fibrillation means that a patient-individualized approach is required to ensure optimal treatment. Cardiac computed tomography can accurately delineate atrial structure and function and could contribute to a personalized care pathway for atrial fibrillation patients. The imaging modality offers excellent spatial resolution and has been utilised in pre-, peri- and post-procedural care for patients with atrial fibrillation. Advances in temporal resolution, acquisition times and analysis techniques suggest potential expanding roles for cardiac computed tomography in the future management of patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of the current review is to discuss the use of cardiac computed tomography in atrial fibrillation in pre-, peri- and post-procedural settings. Potential future applications of cardiac computed tomography including atrial wall thickness assessment and epicardial fat volume quantification are discussed together with emerging analysis techniques including computational modelling and machine learning with attention paid to how these developments may contribute to a personalized approach to atrial fibrillation management.     

A comparative study of computed tomography and ERCP in pancreaticobiliary disease

Fifty-seven patients with suspected pancreaticobiliary pathology constituting a clinical subset in whom the diagnosis was problematic or nonspecific were evaluated with computed tomography and ERCP. The relative sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies of the two tests were compared. Computed tomography was successful in obtaining a diagnostic examination in 100% and ERCP was technically successful in 75%. Both tests were equally accurate in detecting an abnormality (computed tomography 95.7%; ERCP 95.3%) and offering a correct diagnosis (computed tomography 72%; ERCP 70%). Sensitivity and specificity of the two tests for detection of an abnormality was computed tomography 100% and 91.3%; ERCP 91.7% and 100%. Sensitivity and specificity for the correct diagnosis was computed tomography 59% and 91.3%; ERCP 46% and 100%. Computed tomography was also superior to ERCP in making a correct diagnosis in pancreatic carcinoma (80% versus 63%) and pancreatitis (75% versus 50%). Based on these results we conclude that computed tomography utilizing high doses of intravenous contrast material and thin collimation is the preferred screening examination for pancreaticobiliary disease. ERCP should be reserved for those cases where the pancreaticobiliary disease. ERCP should be reserved for those cases where the diagnosis on computed tomography is obscure or uncertain and/or the pancreatic or biliary ductal anatomy requires direct contrast imaging.