2000-2004年辽宁省清原县克山病病情消长态势

目的掌握2000-2004年辽宁省清原县克山病(国家级监测点)病情及消长趋势,探索科学的病情监测方法。方法在清原县内按东、南、西、北、中自然方位共选择5个监测点,每年按《克山病监测标准》监测一个点,同时开展膳食营养状况等相关因素调查。最后一年再次对首年建立的监测点实施病情监测,并对前4年各点检出的克山病病人追踪访视。结果5年间,各监测点共检出潜在型和慢型克山病病人143例,新发潜在型克山病病人2例,平均年总检出率为5．1％。无急型、亚急型克山病新发病例。监测点居民膳食结构不合理,动物性食品和豆类食品蛋白质摄入量较少。结论以潜在型、慢型发病为主已成为辽宁省克山病流行的主要特征,且发病呈上升趋势。建议在病区县采取固定点与流动点相结合的监测方法,并进一步改善居民的膳食结构。     

辽宁省清原县2007年克山病病情监测分析

目的掌握我省克山病监测点区克山病病情及消长趋势,探讨其发病机理。方法扩大监测点检诊人数,采用更科学的抽样方法,了解急型、亚急型及慢型克山病(慢克)的发病情况。对监测点的流行病学人口资料进行调查。对克山病监测点全体居民户进行克山病普查(同步查体、描记心电图、心脏B超检查),必要的进行2m后前位X线胸片检查。结果监测点内检出慢克8例,潜克47例,总检出率6.56%。结论监测点区病情相对稳定,无急型、亚急型新发病例,但本年度监测仍然有慢型与潜在型病例检出。建议在病区进一步改善膳食模式的同时加强克山病知识的健康教育工作。     

2004年陕西省黄陵县克山病监测报告

目的监测陕西省黄陵县2004年克山病发病情况。方法将监测点区全体居民作为监测对象进行全面检查,并对监测点区的粮硒及儿童发硒进行检测。结果(1)无急型、亚急型克山病发生,潜、慢型克山病的检出率为11%;(2)新发潜在型克山病1例;(3)儿童发硒及大米含硒量病区明显低于非病区(P<0.05)。结论陕西省黄陵县监测点克山病的检出率呈缓慢上升态势,潜在型克山病仍有新发。     

陕西省黄陵县克山病病情15年连续观察

目的观察陕西省黄陵县1990-2004年克山病病情及相关因素的变化。方法对黄陵县的克山病重病村设立监测点,全体居民均为监测对象,对全县范围内的慢型克山病(慢克)进行监测,并对监测人群的发硒、粮硒水平进行监测。结果(1)监测点区15年共检出潜在型克山病(潜克)447例,检出率6．14％;新发潜克33例,年均新发生率34．34／万;(2)15年黄陵县慢克确诊72例,先后死亡31例,死亡率43．1％,其中20例死于慢性充血性心力衰竭,11例死于猝死;(3)监测人群发硒与非病区比较差异无统计学意义,粮硒仍低于非病区。结论陕西省黄陵县监测点区克山病的检出呈缓慢上升趋势,潜克仍有新发,慢克死亡率仍很高。     

2005年云南省克山病病情监测结果分析

目的为了全面掌握云南省克山病病情态势,科学指导和评价云南省克山病防制工作。方法按照《克山病监测》标准(W S/T78-1996)及《克山病诊断标准》(GB17021-1997)进行。监测内容包括临床检诊、心电图描记、可疑对象摄胸部后前位X线片。结果9个省级克山病监测点共检出克山病病例48例(1.03%),其中潜在型克山病(简称“潜克”)39例(0.84%),慢型克山病(简称“慢克”)9例(0.19%)。检出率与2004年相比,无显著性差异(χ2=1.362,P>0.05)。无急型克山病(简称“急克”)和亚急型克山病病例(简称“亚急克”)检出。全年累计新发慢克62例,发病率0.14/10万。结论目前云南省克山病病情处于平稳低发态势。克山病监测是了解克山病病情的一种科学手段,工作重点应放在病情监测、病情调查和对慢克病人的管理治疗,以及巩固和加强防治队伍建设等方面。     

2003年陕西省旬邑县克山病病情监测报告

目的准确掌握克山病病情消长趋势,科学的指导和评价防治工作.方法按<全国克山病病情监测方案>进行.结果 2003年全县未见急型、亚急型发病,慢型克山病现患42例,患病率为1.51/万.其中自然慢型克山病21例,患病率为0.82/万.监测点潜在型克山病50例,患病率3.57%,慢型克山病2例,患病率0.14 %.结论监测点区病情稳定,潜慢型是目前患病主要形式和存在类型.     

1998年度黑龙江省富裕县克山病病情监测分析

目的 探讨国家有克山病监测点区潜、慢型克山病发病的消长趋势。方法 对监测点区（繁荣乡）成人３４３人，在校学生及学龄前儿童１００８人，监测点区以外的１３个村在册的各型病人进行查体、描心电图、部分人摄胸片并投予药物治疗。结果 点区马人及学童年内无急型、亚急型、潜在型及慢型发病。潜在型及慢型患病率分别为１．４３％、及０．１４％，全乡年内新发潜在型１例及怛列克山病，发病率分别为０．００５３％和０．０６１％     

2002年陕西省克山病监测报告

为准确掌握克山病消长趋势，科学地指导和评价防治工作，按照《全国克山病监测方案》开展监测工作，未见急型、亚急型克山病发病，监测点受检率84．54％，潜在型克山病检出率2．99％，患病率为2．53％，慢型克山病检出率0．66％。患病率为0．56％，说明病情稳定，潜慢克仍是目前克山病患病主要形式和存在类型。     

2004年河北省沽源县克山病病情监测报告

目的观察河北省沽源县2004年克山病病情,评价和指导防治工作。方法在河北省沽源县长梁乡的2个克山病历史重病村设立监测点,全部常住人口均为监测对象,进行常规临床体检,描记12导联心电图,重点人群摄X线胸片,依据《克山病诊断标准》(GB17021-1997)诊断。结果①监测点年内无急型、亚急型克山病发生,检出潜在型克山病(潜克)32人,慢型克山病(慢克)6人,克山病检出率为7.47%,患病率为4.11%。45岁以上克山病病人占总数的84.21%。②2004年度,潜克治愈率10.53%,潜转慢率5.26%,慢转潜率36.36%。③监测点人群异常心电图检出率为28.09%;35￣74岁成年人高血压检出率为36.48%。结论河北省沽源县监测点克山病病情相对稳定。加强对克山病病人的生活指导及对慢型克山病病人的治疗是今后防治工作的重点。     

2003年全国克山病病情监测汇总分析

目的查明克山病在全国范围内患病及发病的消长趋势。方法根据《克山病监测》标准(WS/T78-1996)及《克山病诊断标准》(GB17021-1997)对监测点区居民进行普查,随访2002年在册的克山病病例,对克山病发病相关因素进行调查。结果全国年内无急、亚急型发病,潜在型、慢型检出率为2.19%、0.60%,全国年内新发潜在型12例、慢型6例,发病率分别为1.23‰,0.61‰。人均发硒(0.2557±0.0320)mg/kg。结论克山病在全国各病区处于稳定态势,在继续逐步完善监测工作的同时,应对病人进行生活及就医指导。     

Oxprenolol in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly

Controversy continues to surround the value of drug treatment of hypertension in the elderly. Epidemiologic evidence implicates hypertension as a major risk factor in the precocious development of stroke and coronary heart disease in the elderly subject as clearly as it is implicated in the younger person. The hemodynamic and neuroendocrine profiles of the older patient with essential hypertension are similar to those of younger patients in the stable phase of the disease. However, the arterial ravages induced by many years of sustained hypertension render the circulation of the elderly subject more sensitive to pharmacologic intervention. The benefit-risk ratio of most antihypertensive drugs appears to be inversely related to age. Diuretics reduce the blood pressure at rest but have no influence on the increases in systolic pressure during normal activity; in addition, they carry potentially serious metabolic hazards in the elderly hypertensive patient. Centrally acting drugs likewise lower the blood pressure at rest without influencing the high systolic pressures induced by exercise. They also enhance the tendency to endogenous depression. Adrenergic-neurone blocking drugs and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists are contraindicated because of the frequency of impaired cardiovascular reflexes in the elderly. The beta-blocking drugs can reduce the risk of coronary and cerebrovascular disease in the older patient with hypertension. They appear to be well tolerated, but because of their impaired metabolic handling in many elderly patients they should probably be used in smaller doses than those prescribed in younger patients. The influence of antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the elderly hypertensive patient is not known.     

Changes in the liver weight in the elderly

To elucidate the effect of aging on liver weight in the elderly, 582 elderly cases (male 291, female 291), were selected from 2000 elderly autopsied cases on the basis of being free from pathological findings affecting liver weight. Both liver weight and its ratio to body weight decreased with age, and influenced by obesity; the former increased and the latter decreased in obese cases. Analysis according to the degree of obesity also showed decrease of liver weight and is ratio to body weight with age. Comparison between males and females of the same decade revealed the tendency that in females the liver weight was low, while liver weight.body weight ratio was high. The same results were obtained by analysis based on the degree of obesity.