雷公藤多苷对雌性幼鼠雌激素及其受体表达的影响

目的 研究雷公藤多苷(GTW)对雌性幼鼠血清雌激素(E2)含量和卵巢雌激素受体(ER)表达的影响以及对成年后生育力的影响.方法 采用4周龄SD雌鼠,据体重随机分为两组,分别为空白对照组、实验组(GTW),连续灌胃12周后,处死部分动物,检测指标.剩余部分大鼠停药,用健康雄性成年SD大鼠按雌∶雄＝1∶1合笼2周,继续观察实验雌鼠至分娩后1周.观察受孕率、产仔数、活产率、存活率.结果 GTW组的血清E2值高于空白组;ER表达低于空白组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组雌鼠的仔数、受孕率、活产率差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05),新产仔存活率组间差异有统计学意义(χ2＝10.303,P＝0.001).结论 雌性幼鼠服用雷公藤多苷可造成卵巢局部的组织病理改变,但对成年后的生育力无明显影响.     

不同产源雷公藤多苷对SD雄鼠生育力的影响

目的比较不同产源的雷公藤多苷对SD雄鼠生育力影响的差异性。方法 SD大鼠随机分为4组,给予不同产源的雷公藤多苷灌胃。8周后随机处死一半,取睾丸组织检测指标。化学发光法检测血清性激素,光镜观察睾丸组织形态学变化,免疫组织化学法检测睾丸雌激素β受体(ERβ)。剩余大鼠与雌鼠1∶1合笼2周,然后计算活产率、产仔率评价生育力。结果各组血清性激素比较无统计学意义。各组ERβ表达,空白组表达值最高,湖南组最低。组间差异比较,3组与空白组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);江苏组与湖北组间差异没有统计学意义,湖南组与另外两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。本实验计数产仔数,结果是空白组产仔最多,江苏组次之,湖南、湖北两组接近。组间比较发现,江苏组与空白组之间差异没有统计学意义,湖南、湖北两组与空白组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但是3组间比较差异没有统计学意义。产仔率结果显示,湖南组最低,该组中有3只雌鼠最终没有受孕。湖南组大鼠不仅产仔率低,并且同期合笼,其雌鼠最早分娩时间比其他组晚10d;其他3组分娩时间一致。各组均无畸形、死产。结论 3种不同产源的雷公藤多苷对雄性幼鼠的生育力影响存在差异性。     

菟丝子黄酮对雷公藤多苷损伤雄性幼鼠睾丸组织凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和蛋白Bax表达的影响

目的:研究菟丝子黄酮对雷公藤多苷(GTW)损伤雄性SD幼鼠睾丸组织凋亡相关蛋白蛋白Bcl-2和蛋白Bax的表达的影响.方法:健康3周龄SD雄性幼鼠36只,随机分为三组:空白组、雷公藤多苷组、菟丝子黄酮+雷公藤多苷组.免疫组化法测定Bcl-2/Bax表达.结果:各实验组Bcl-2蛋白表达:雷公藤多苷组表达最少,与其他各组...     

左归丸对少弱精子症模型大鼠睾丸组织干细胞因子及其mRNA表达的影响研究

目的　观察左归丸对雷公藤多苷（GTW）诱导的少弱精子症模型大鼠睾丸干细胞因子（SCF）及其mRNA表达的影响,初步探讨其改善模型大鼠生殖功能的机制。方法　2014年3—4月选取36只SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为正常组、雷公藤多苷模型组、左归丸治疗组,每组12只。正常组全程给予去离子水灌胃干预;实验前4周,雷公藤多苷模型组、左归丸治疗组均给予雷公藤多苷40 mg?kg-1?d-1造模;实验第5~8周,雷公藤多苷模型组给予去离子水灌胃干预,左归丸治疗组给予左归丸6 g?kg-1?d-1。8周后处死所有大鼠,无菌留取睾丸组织,并进行固定、包埋、切片。采用免疫组化法检测各组大鼠睾丸组织SCF表达水平,采用Real-time PCR法检测各组大鼠睾丸组织SCF mRNA表达水平。结果　左归丸治疗组大鼠睾丸组织SCF及其mRNA表达水平高于雷公藤多苷模型组（P<0.05）。结论　左归丸可通过上调SCF及其mRNA表达水平,促进精原干细胞的分裂和增殖,抑制生精细胞凋亡。     

双补丸干预雷公藤多苷致生殖损伤的作用及代谢组学分析

目的 观察双补丸(熟地黄、菟丝子等量)干预雷公藤多苷致生殖损伤大鼠的作用,并应用代谢组学方法探讨其调控机制。方法 采用随机数字表法,将21只SPF级4周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、雷公藤多苷组(12.5 mg/kg)和双补丸组(3.125 g/kg),每组7只,连续灌胃12周。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测大鼠血清睾酮(T)、卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E₂)水平;全自动精子质量分析仪检测大鼠附睾精子密度及精子活力;HE染色法观察大鼠睾丸、附睾组织病理改变;采用超高效液相色谱-串联飞行时间质谱联用技术结合多元统计方法进行睾丸组织代谢物检测及鉴定,并应用Metabo Analyst平台进行代谢通路分析。结果 与雷公藤多苷组比较,双补丸组大鼠血清T水平升高(P<0.01),精子密度及精子活力提高(P<0.01),睾丸组织生精细胞数量增加,生精细胞空洞化减少,附睾精子数量提高。代谢组学结果表明,双补丸干预后可显著回调19个与雷公藤多苷生殖损伤相关的差异代谢物,其主要涉及谷胱甘肽代谢及甘油磷脂代谢。结论 双补丸可减轻雷公藤多苷引起的雄性大...     

两种大鼠受孕方法及两种判断受孕方法比较

目的:探讨提高实验大鼠受孕率的方法及准确判断大鼠受孕的检测方法.方法:24只SD雌鼠随机分为性周期筛选合笼组(筛选组)和延长时间合笼组(延长时间组),筛选组雌鼠根据阴道涂片于发情前期与雄鼠合笼2d,延长时间组雌鼠直接与雄鼠合笼10 d,采用阴道精子检查法和阴道精子合并角化上皮检查法判断合笼后雌鼠是否受孕,以分娩作为受孕成功的标准,观察两组受孕率,并比较两种判断受孕的方法.结果:筛选组受孕率(91.67％)高于延长时间合笼组(50.00％),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);延长时间组第1～5天受孕率(41.67％)高于第6 ～ 10天(14.28％),差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05);阴道精子检查法和阴道精子合并角化上皮检查法的假阴性率分别为0和11.76％,假阳性率分别为14.29％和0.结论:性周期筛选合笼法对雌鼠受孕率高于延长时间合笼法,阴道涂片法判断雌鼠受孕需结合雌鼠性周期推算.     

繁殖实验评价肉苁蓉提取物苯乙醇苷类对衰老大鼠生殖能力的影响

目的 通过繁殖实验观察肉苁蓉提取物苯乙醇苷类对亲代老年雄性大鼠生殖及F1代仔鼠发育状况的影响.方法 选用12月龄Wistar雄鼠45只,随机分为3组:青年对照组、自然衰老组、肉苁蓉提取物组,每组15只,肉苁蓉提取物组和自然衰老组于16个月开始分别灌胃肉苁蓉提取物和等量生理盐水,连续灌胃60 d,每天1次.青年对照组于12月龄,其余2组于18月龄分别进行繁殖实验:3组雄鼠均与健康且未生育过的12月龄雌鼠1∶1交配,记录各组大鼠交配情况和仔鼠生长情况.结果 自然衰老组出生仔鼠个数较青年对照组明显降低,交配时间较青年对照组明显延长(P＜0.01);而肉苁蓉提取物组出生仔鼠个数较自然衰老组明显增加,交配时间较自然衰老组明显缩短(P＜0.01);各组仔鼠的生长发育情况差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 肉苁蓉提取物苯乙醇苷类能明显改善自然衰老雄性大鼠的生殖能力,而对F1代仔鼠生长发育未见显著影响.     

益气解毒方对1Gy 60Coγ射线致雄性小鼠生育功能损伤的防治效应

目的观察1Gy ~(60)Coγ射线一次性全身照射对雄性小鼠生育功能的影响,以及益气解毒方的防治效果。方法将24只雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和益气解毒方组,每组8只。除空白组外,其余小鼠均给予1Gy ~(60)Coγ射线一次性全身照射,益气解毒方组小鼠于照前连续给药7 d进行预防,并于照后4 d开始连续给药至照后35 d加以治疗,空白组及模型组小鼠同步灌胃去离子水。实验期间,每日称量小鼠体质量。在照后36 d,将各组雄性小鼠按照雄性1∶雌性2的比例与雌性Balb/c小鼠连续合笼4周,继而观察雌鼠的受孕率、窝仔数以及子代健康情况;并于照后第70天处死雄性小鼠,检测其睾丸指数、精子质量。结果与空白组比较,照后1～7 d,模型组小鼠体质量显著降低(P0.05),益气解毒方组小鼠无显著性差异;照后1、2～5、7、10周,模型组小鼠周平均体质量显著降低(P0.05、P0.001),益气解毒方组小鼠体质量仅在第4周显著降低(P0.001);在照后第1～5、7、8、10周,益气解毒方组小鼠周平均体质量比模型组体质量显著上升(P0.01、P0.001)。照后70 d,模型组和益气解毒方组小鼠睾丸指数、雌鼠受孕率、子代小鼠体质量均与空白组无显著变化;模型组小鼠精子浓度、精子活率以及精子活力、窝仔数比空白组显著降低(P0.05),而益气解毒方组小鼠精子浓度、精子活率以及精子活力均恢复至空白组水平,窝仔数与空白组比较亦无显著性差异。结论 1Gy ~(60)Coγ射线对雄性小鼠生育功能有一定损伤;益气解毒方对1Gy ~(60)Coγ射线对雄性小鼠生育功能损伤具有一定的防治作用。     

性周期筛选合笼与非筛选合笼制备大鼠妊娠模型的比较

目的比较制备大鼠妊娠模型时在合笼前进行阴道涂片性周期筛选与不筛选两种方法对大鼠受孕率、受孕速度(合笼次数)的影响。方法 26只SD雌性大鼠随机分为阴道涂片性周期筛选合笼组(涂片组)、不筛选合笼组(自由组),筛选组雌鼠在合笼前进行阴道涂片性周期筛选,筛选处于动情期或动情前期的雌鼠进行合笼;自由组不进行性周期筛选,直接合笼;实验中大鼠分组、合笼均采用单因素完全随机方法。结果两种合笼方法对大鼠受孕率和受孕速度差异不显著(P0.05)。结论鉴于两种合笼方法在制备大鼠妊娠模型的受孕率及受孕速度方面无差异,同时为了减少人为干预对雌鼠的刺激和影响,建议在制备大鼠妊娠模型时考虑采用自由合笼法。     

左归丸对生精障碍大鼠模型生殖激素水平及精子质量的影响

目的观察左归丸对雷公藤多苷诱导的生精障碍大鼠模型血清生殖激素水平和精子质量的影响。方法 36只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白对照组12只造模组24只。空白对照组采用去离子水造模组采用雷公藤多苷干预4周,每组随机抽取4只大鼠进行模型验证。造模成功后,空白对照组大鼠中随机选取6只做为空白对照组;造模组中随机选取12只,按随机数字表法分为生精障碍模型组和左归丸组,每组6只。空白对照组和生精障碍模型组采用去离子水灌胃左归丸组采用左归丸进行灌胃干预4周。称重大鼠睾丸、附睾质量,计算脏器指数,检测血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、泌乳素(PRL)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)的含量和精子参数。结果左归丸组大鼠FSH、LH、T、E2水平、精子浓度、精子总活率(PR+NP)、前向运动精子百分率(PR)显著高于生精障碍模型组差异有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05);除PRL水平外,空白对照组FSH、LH、PRL、T、E2水平低于左归丸组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论左归丸可以在一定程度上恢复下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴的作用,进而调控生殖内分泌激素分泌,使其恢复至正常水平这可能是其改善生精功能的重要途径之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.