颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后的多因素分析

目的探讨影响颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析本院2007年1月至12月收治的119例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床资料,井进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的年龄、Fisher分级和Hunt—Hess分级与预后具有显著相关性（P〈0．01）,其OR值分别是0．921、0．153和0．228,其95％可信区间分别是（0．864-0．981）、（0．063-0．374）和（0．116-0．449）。结论动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的年龄、Fisher分级和Hunt—Hess分级是影响患者预后的危险因素,且随着年龄的增长,Fisher分级和Hunt—Hess分级的增加,患者的预后明显愈差。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血导致症状性脑血管痉挛的危险因素分析

目的 探讨导致动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后患者症状性脑血管痉挛的主要危险因素。方法 选取华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院2011～2013年收治的421例经头颅CT检查和/或腰穿确诊的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者,观察并记录患者每天的病情变化、年龄、性别、出血次数、血压、动脉瘤部位、动脉瘤大小、Hunt-Hess分级和Fisher分级及患者症状性血管痉挛的发生情况。对所有患者症状性血管痉挛的发生情况按年龄、性别、出血次数、血压、动脉瘤部位、动脉瘤大小,Hunt-Hess分级和Fisher分级等进行Logistic多因素逐步回归分析。结果 单因素分析表明FisherⅢ级者与Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者相比症状性血管痉挛发生率明显较高(P<0.05)、入院时临床状态不良组症状性血管痉挛发生率与良好组相比明显较高(P<0.05),反复SAH发作组症状性血管痉挛发生率与单次SAH发作者相比明显较高(P<0.05); 不同性别、不同年龄组患者、不同动脉瘤治疗方式组(手术夹闭或栓塞)患者症状性血管痉挛发生率的差异均不明显(P均>0.05)。结论 可根据蛛网膜下腔积血量、入院时临床状态和SAH发生次数预测症状性血管痉挛的发生。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后并发脑血管痉挛的影响因素

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后并发脑血管痉挛(CVS)的影响因素。方法回顾性分析237例aSAH患者的临床资料,对比并发CVS和无CVS患者的年龄、性别、Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher分级、血压、血脂、白细胞计数等资料,并将有统计学意义的影响因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,确定独立危险因素和保护因素。结果 237例aSAH患者中65例并发CVS,发生率27.43%;并发CVS和无CVS患者嗜烟、高血脂、高血压、白细胞计数升高、Hunt-Hess分级≥Ⅲ级、Fisher分级≥Ⅲ级、使用小剂量尼莫地平差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,嗜烟、高血脂、高血压、白细胞计数升高、Hunt-Hess分级≥Ⅲ级、Fisher分级≥Ⅲ级是aSAH患者出血后并发CVS的独立危险因素(P0.05),而使用小剂量尼莫地平是其保护因素(P0.05)。结论临床对于嗜烟、高血脂、高血压、白细胞计数升高、Hunt-Hess分级和Fisher分级较高的aSAH患者应加强早期监测,积极防治CVS的发生。     

107例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后的多因素分析

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)患者的临床特点及其与预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析大连医科大学附属第二医院神经外科2012年1月至2015年10月收治的107例SAH患者,根据GOS评分将病例分为预后良好组及不良组,采用单因素分析及对多因素Logistic回归分析,探讨上述各因素对预后的影响。结果全部107例患者经单因素分析显示,诱因、动脉瘤大小、Hunt-Hess评分、脑血管痉挛与患者预后明显相关(均P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,诱因(P=0.026)、动脉瘤大小(P=0.002)、Hunt-Hess评分(P=0.016)及脑血管痉挛(P=0.003)为影响a SAH患者预后的独立危险因素。结论 a SAH患者的发病诱因、动脉瘤大小、Hunt-Hess分级和脑血管痉挛是影响患者预后的危险因素。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血并发慢性脑积水的危险因素研究

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)并发慢性脑积水的危险因素。方法 选取2013年1月～2016年1月于本院接受治疗的210例aSAH患者,其中并发慢性脑积水者30例,设为观察组,其余180例未并发脑积水者设为对照组; 分析可能影响患者形成慢性脑积水的相关因素,并通过多因素回归分析确定危险因素。结果 2组性别、饮酒史、吸烟史、多发动脉瘤比较无显著差异(P>0.05); 观察组的年龄大于对照组,观察组有高血压病史者占76.7%,首诊CT显示脑室扩大者占43.3%,出血破入脑室者占66.7%,Hunt-Hess分级评分为(2.59±0.66)分,均高于对照组(P<0.05); 预后分级低于对照组(P<0.05),出血次数较对照组多(P<0.05); 多因素Logistic回归分析显示,aSAH并发慢性脑积水的危险因素有高龄、多次出血、高血压病史、出血破入脑室与发病后Hunt-Hess分级高。结论 aSAH出血并发慢性脑积水具有多项危险因素,临床上应注意高危患者的治疗与护理,改善其预后与生存质量。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑血管痉挛的危险因素分析

目的分析动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的危险因素。方法选择郑州市第一人民医院2012-01—2018-03住院治疗的301例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血者为研究对象。分析患者入院时的基本资料、动脉瘤大小和数量、Hunt-Hess分级、改良Fisher分级、动脉瘤治疗方法、实验室检查结果与血管造影血管痉挛(AV)、有症状的血管痉挛(SV)、脑梗死的相关性,并分析SV、AV、脑梗死独立危险因素。结果入院时年龄≥53岁、改良Fisher分级3～4级、Hunt-Hess分级4～5级、白细胞计数水平≥11×10~9个/L、血糖水平≥7.0 mmol/L是AV、SV、脑梗死的危险因素(P0.05)。此外,高血压史和吸烟是SV或脑梗死的危险因素;动脉瘤直径≥1 cm是AV或SV的危险因素(P0.05)。多因素分析显示,入院时改良Fisher分级3～4级、Hunt-Hess分级4～5级、白细胞计数水平≥11×10~9个/L、高血压史是SV、AV、脑梗死的独立危险因素(P0.05)。此外,血糖水平≥7.0 mmol/L也是AV的独立危险因素(P0.05);动脉瘤直径≥1 cm也是SV的独立危险因素(P0.05);年龄≥53岁、吸烟史也是脑梗死的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛不同类型危险因素存在差异。     

动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血患者死亡原因分析

目的 探讨动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血患者住院期间死亡的原因并提出相应的对策. 方法 回顾性分析江苏大学附属人民医院神经外科自2003年1月至2010年12月收治且住院期间死亡的24例颅内动脉瘤破裂致自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床资料和死亡原因.结果 死亡原因分别为:颅内再出血11例,其中术前再出血5例,介入栓塞术中出血3例,栓塞术后颅内再次出血3例;术后脑血管痉挛或脑梗死8例,其中早期(术后3d内)CT表现为脑梗死3例,晚期(术后3d后)脑血管痉挛或脑梗死5例;椎动脉瘤栓塞术后呼吸骤停1例;肺部感染3例;肾功能衰竭1例. 结论 颅内再次出血、脑梗死或脑血管痉挛、非神经系统并发症是动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者住院期间主要的死亡原因.     

颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者介入术后抑郁的危险因素

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)患者介入术后出现抑郁的危险因素。方法纳入2017年1月~2021年3月104例aSAH患者,均采用介入手术治疗,记录术后住院期间抑郁发生率,设为抑郁组与正常组,比较两组患者美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NHISS)、家庭经济、文化程度、Hunt&Hess分级、手术时机、年龄、术后睡眠障碍等病历资料。采用单因素及多因素分析确定术后抑郁的危险因素。结果104例aSAH患者介入术后48例发生抑郁;抑郁组与正常组NHISS评分、家庭经济、文化程度、Hunt&Hess分级、手术时机、年龄、术后睡眠障碍、医疗支付方式差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组性别、婚姻情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素分析显示,NHISS评分>15分、Hunt&Hess分级Ⅲ级、手术时机>48h、年龄>70岁、术后睡眠障碍、家庭经济情况差、小学及以下文化程度是aSAH介入术后抑郁的危险因素。结论aSAH介入术后早期抑郁发生率较高,受到NHISS评分、家庭经济、文化程度、年龄等因素的影响,应对高危患者重点关注,采取积极措施降低抑郁发生率。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血介入治疗后慢性意识障碍的危险因素

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)患者经介入治疗后出现慢性意识障碍(pDoC)的术前影响因素。方法 分析2019-05—2022-03阜阳师范大学附属第二医院治疗的102例动脉瘤破裂蛛网膜下腔出血患者的术前临床资料。根据aSAH患者介入治疗后28 d意识情况分为pDoC组和非pDoC组,通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析介入术后SAH患者pDoC形成的危险因素。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析影响因素预测pDoC的能力。结果 单因素分析提示,术前血清葡萄糖和钾的比值、白细胞计数、血糖、Hunt-Hess分级、急性脑积水、颅内血肿、脑出血破入脑室等是pDoC形成的可能影响因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Hunt-Hess分级、急性脑积水、颅内血肿等为pDoC的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。以Hunt-Hess分级等危险因素为检验变量,以pDoC为状态变量绘制aSAH受试者特征工作曲线,术前Hunt-Hess分级的AUC为0.895(95%CI:0.818～0.947,P<0.001),约登指数为0.4893,敏感度76.2...     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后的脑积水

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后的脑积水杨俊，苏亦兵，赵继宗我院从１９８２年至１９９２年，收治了因颅内动脉瘤破裂出血所致急性脑室扩张、脑积水病人２３例，约占同期颅内动脉瘤的０．４％，现报告如下。临床资料１．一般资料：男１２例，女１１例，年龄２４～６７岁，平均...     

动脉瘤性SAH继发重度脑血管痉挛相关因素研究

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血继发重度脑血管痉挛的相关因素。方法回顾本院近5年收治的118例动脉瘤性SAH病人临床及影像学资料;评估入院时临床因素,判定脑血管痉挛程度;统计分析其相关因素。结果重度痉挛组年龄为(44.0±10.9)岁,明显小于无痉挛组的(52.1±11.4)岁和轻中度痉挛组的(50.7±10.7)岁(P=0.007);重度痉挛组的脑内血肿量为(24.87±3.72)m l、白细胞计数为(17.40±4.1)×109,大于轻中度痉挛组的(18±3.26)m l、(12.14±2.91)×109和无痉挛组的(9±1.41)m l、(9.08±2.16)×109(P均<0.001);年龄与血管痉挛程度呈负相关r=-0.241(P=0.008);脑内血肿量和白细胞计数峰值均与血管痉挛程度呈正相关r=0.753(P<0.01)和r=0.694(P=0.001)。结论低年龄、较大的脑内血肿量和白细胞计数峰值是重度脑血管痉挛相关因素。     

颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下隙出血并发Takotsubo心肌病

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下隙出血并发Takotsubo心肌病临床特点。方法回顾分析14例颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下隙出血并发Takotsubo心肌病患者的临床资料、血清心肌酶谱[包括肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、氨基末端B型利尿钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)]水平、心电图和超声心动图表现。结果 14例患者入院时(初次检查)血清心肌酶谱[CK(591.93±248.78)IU/L、CK-MB(27.07±7.66)IU/L、NT-pro BNP(8685.36±3963.44)IU/L]水平即升高,2周复查时下降[CK(137.79±29.93)IU/L、CK-MB(14.36±5.58)IU/L、NT-pro BNP(577.14±203.37)IU/L],治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(t=7.090,P=0.000;t=4.897,P=0.000;t=7.778,P=0.000)。入院时心电图表现为ST段抬高或压低、T波倒置、QT间期延长,超声心动图呈节段性左室壁运动异常,左心室射血分数(36.07±6.15)%,2周复查时升至(56.43±3.18)%(t=13.381,P=0.000),1个月后恢复正常。结论颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下隙出血可诱发Takotsubo心肌病,患病率约4.58%,患者预后良好。超声心动图对早期筛查至关重要,急性期可通过冠状动脉造影术明确诊断。     

Neuropsychiatric disturbance after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Although aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) accounts for only 3–5% of all strokes, a high degree of morbidity has been reported in this relatively young subset of patients. Neuropsychiatric disturbance has often been neglected in these reports. We aimed to investigate the pattern and pathological factors of chronic neuropsychiatric disturbance in aSAH patients. This cross-sectional observational four-center study was carried out in Hong Kong. Neuropsychiatric outcome (Neuropsychiatric Inventory Chinese Version [CNPI]) assessments were conducted cross-sectionally 1–4 years after ictus. Pathological factors considered were early brain injury as assessed by admission World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade, aneurysm treatment (clipping versus coiling), delayed cerebral infarction, and chronic hydrocephalus. One hundred and three aSAH patients’ spouses or caregivers completed the CNPI. Forty-two (41%) patients were reported to have one or more domain(s) of neuropsychiatric disturbance. Common neuropsychiatric disturbance domains included agitation/aggression, depression, apathy/indifference, irritability/lability, and appetite/eating disturbance. Chronic neuropsychiatric disturbance was associated with presence of chronic hydrocephalus. A subscore consisting of the five commonly affected domains seems to be a suitable tool for aSAH patients and should be further validated and replicated in future studies.     

脑池及脑池积血在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后急性脑积水发生中的作用

目的 探讨脑池及脑池积血在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后急性脑积水发生中的作用.方法 对南方医科大学南方医院神经外科201 1年5月至2014年1月经手术治疗且资料完整的306例aSAH患者的临床数据进行回顾性分析,其临床变量进行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析,并对各个脑池的血量进行定量分析.结果 306例患者中有112例发生了急性脑积水,发生率为36.6％.单因素分析表明Fisher分级、脑室积血、动脉瘤的位置、动脉瘤侧别、再出血、治疗方式6项因素比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示动脉瘤位置与脑室积血为其独立发生因素.在无脑室积血的患者中,急性脑积水的发生率为22.4％,其中脑积水组中的脚间池、右侧侧裂池血量最多,与非脑积水组相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.000;P=0.005).结论 aSAH急性脑积水是多因素共同作用的结果,动脉瘤位置与脑室积血是其独立危险因素;aSAH急性脑积水是梗阻性脑积水,脑池的位置及脑池积血的分布在aSAH急性脑积水发生中有着重要的影响作用;在无脑室积血的aSAH患者中,脚间池、右侧侧裂池的积血血量越大,越容易发生急性脑积水.     

Risk factors for re-bleeding of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Meta-analysis of observational studies

ObjectiveThe mortality of re-bleeding following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is high, and surviving patients often have poor clinical condition and worse outcome than patients with a single bleed. In this study, we performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the most common risk factors for re-bleeding in this patient population, with the goal of providing neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuro-interventionalists with a simple and fast method to evaluate the re-bleeding risk for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.MethodWe conducted a thorough meta-analysis of the risk factors associated with re-bleeding or re-rupture of intracranial aneurysms in cases published between 2000 and 2013. Pooled mean difference was calculated for the continuous variables (age), and pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated for categorical factors. If heterogeneity was significant (p < 0.05), a random effect model was applied; otherwise, a fixed model was used. Testing for pooled effects and statistical significance for each potential risk factor were analyzed using Review Manager software.ResultsOur literature search identified 174 articles. Of these, only seven retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria. These seven studies consisted of 2470 patients, 283 of which had aneurysmal re-bleeding, resulting in a weighted average rate of re-bleeding of 11.3% with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.1–12.6. In this population, sex (OR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.11–1.92), high systolic blood pressure [SBP] (OR 2.52; 95% CI: 1.40–4.53), aneurysm size (OR 3.00; 95% CI: 2.06–4.37), clinical condition (Hunt & Hess) (OR 4.94; 95% CI: 2.29,10.68), and Fisher grade (OR 2.29; 95% CI: 1.45, 3.61) were statistically significant risk factors for re-bleeding.ConclusionSex, high SBP, high Fisher grade, aneurysm size larger than 10 mm, and poor clinical condition were independent risk factors for aneurysmal re-bleeding. The importance of early aneurysm intervention and careful consideration of patient risk factors should be emphasized to eliminate the risk of re-bleeding and poor outcome.     

TCD观察动脉瘤性SAH后脑血管痉挛的血流动力学改变

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑血管痉挛的血流动力学改变。方法经CT、DSA证实为动脉瘤性SAH患者179例,床旁经颅超声多谱勒(TCD)在术前、术后1~3d、5~7d、9~11d、12~14d记录并分析大脑中动脉(M CA)的血流参数及频谱改变。结果M CA平均血流速度(Vm)于SAH后1~3d开始升高,5~7d、9~11d达到高峰;L I(血管痉挛指数)为3~6时预后良好;>6时可以出现神经系统功能损害,颅内压增高且有脑血管痉挛(CV S)者预后较差。结论TCD能无创、实时评价SAH后CV S的动态变化,可以推断SAH后CV S的严重程度及临床转归。     

蛛网膜下腔出血患者迟发性脑血管痉挛相关因素的临床分析

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者迟发性脑血管痉挛(DCVs)的临床影响因素. 方法 回顾性分析南方医科大学珠江医院神经外科自2005年1月至2008年12月收治的74例动脉瘤性SAH患者的临床资料,判定DCVS,统计分析其影响因素. 结果年龄、出血次数、吸烟史、Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher分级、白细胞计数峰值与DCVS的发生具有明显相关性,其中年龄、出血次数、Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher分级是DCVS发生的独立影响因素. 结论 低年龄、出血2次以上及Hunt-Hess分级或Fisher分级Ⅲ级以上患者更易发生DCVS,临床上对此类患者应加强监测、及早发现和处理.     

Prognostic factors varying with age in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

With the advent of an aging society, more elderly patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) have been treated. We investigated if prognostic factors differ with age in aSAH patients. In a prospectively maintained aSAH database at multiple institutions from 2013 to 2016, 238 patients who underwent clipping or coiling for a ruptured aneurysm within 48 h of onset were divided into elderly (≥75 years; 57 patients) and non-elderly groups, or categorized into 4-age groups (<54, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years). Prognostic factors and clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. The elderly group had a higher incidence of pre-morbidities, co-morbidities, poor admission World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grades, modified Fisher grade 4, and resultantly 90-day poor outcomes (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 3–6). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that independent determinants for poor outcomes were hypertension and modified Fisher grade 4 in the elderly group, and admission WFNS grades IV–V, systemic complications, non-procedural cerebral infarction and shunt-dependent chronic hydrocephalus in the non-elderly group. The 4-age group analyses showed that higher age group was more frequently associated with the prognostic factors. As higher age itself causes poor outcomes and more association of prognostic factors, prognostic factors in elderly patients may be rather limited.     

不同部位脑出血的危险因素临床研究

目的探究不用部位脑出血的危险因素。方法选择2012-01—2014-12在我院接受治疗的脑出血患者175例为观察组。依据CT检查结果分为基底节出血58例(A组)、丘脑出血62例(B组)和其他脑叶出血55例(C组)。再随机选择同期在我院接受体检的健康志愿者70例为对照组。对比2组基本资料,并分别进行Logistics回归分析得到相应的危险因素。结果通过Logistic回归性分析,发现不同部位脑出血危险因素为:基底节脑出血的危险因素是年龄、饮酒、吸烟、高血压、SBP、DBP、TC以及HDL;丘脑部位的危险因素是饮酒、吸烟、高血压、SBP、DBP以及HDL;脑叶部位的危险因素是饮酒、吸烟、SBP、DBP以及TC。结论不同部位脑出血危险因素有所不同,主要是吸烟、饮酒及血压偏高。临床上需根据危险因素进行相应的预防,减少脑出血给患者带来的伤害。     

Results of clipping surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the ninth and tenth decades of life

This study investigated the outcome of clipping surgery for ruptured aneurysms in patients older than 80 years of age. From 1988 to 2011 data were retrospectively reviewed, and 196 patients treated with clipping obliteration for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were identified. Patients were divided into two age groups of 80–84 and ⩾85 years old. The Glasgow Outcome Scale score was assessed at discharge and classified as favorable (good recovery or moderate recovery) or unfavorable (severe disability, vegetative state, or dead). Radiological and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. A favorable outcome was achieved in 106 (54.1%) of the 196 patients. Preoperative grade and Fisher grade were significantly associated with unfavorable outcome, but age was not. Based on logistic regression analysis, poor preoperative grade and ruptured anterior cerebral artery aneurysm were the predictors of unfavorable outcome, but advanced age (⩾85 years old) was not. Advanced age itself did not affect the outcome of the elderly patients who underwent clipping surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.