训练结合用中药补剂强力宝对小鼠游泳耐力与肌肉和肝脏Gn,LDH和MDH的影响

本研究利用流动水游泳水槽对小鼠进行了训练结合用中药补剂强力宝的实验,结果表明;1.训练使小鼠游泳耐力明显提高,训练结合用中药补剂强力宝小鼠游泳耐力能进一步提高。但短时间(2周)的用药,效果并不明显。2.强力宝能提高小鼠肝糖元含量,促进运动后肝糖元恢复,并通过肝糖元向肌糖元的转化,使运动后肌糖元的含量与恢复亦有所提高。3.耐力训练中用强力宝,不仅能促使肌肉有氧氧化能力进一步提高,而且还能防止无氧酵解能力降低。4.强力宝能使肝有氧氧化能力提高。     

枸杞多糖对运动训练小鼠耐力及体内自由基防御体系的影响

选择昆明种小鼠３０只，随机分成２组：运动组（游泳训练２０天）、运动＋枸杞多糖组。实验结果表明：运动＋枸杞多糖组小鼠耗竭游泳时间明显长于运动组（Ｐ＜０．０１）：二组ＭＤＡ含量无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；血乳酸指数（血乳酸含量ｍＭ／Ｌ／游泳时间ｍｉｎ）明显低于运动组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；小鼠全血、肝组织、肌组织ＳＯＤ活力、肝组织ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力明显高于运动组（Ｐ＜０．０５），提示枸杞多糖具有提高小鼠运动耐力及增强机体抗氧化酶活力的作用。     

鸡水解蛋白对运动能力的影响

观察了鸡水解蛋白对鼠运动能力的影响。实验结果表明，鸡水解蛋白具有显著增强小鼠游泳耐力、肌肉静力能力和耐缺氧能力的作用，提高小鼠血红蛋白含量，减少运动小鼠血乳酸的积累，促进运动大鼠肌糖元和肝糖元的分解，并有降低运动大鼠血尿素氮水平的趋势。提示鸡水解蛋白具有增强运动能力和抗疲劳的功效。     

猕猴桃复方口服液和/或运动对大鼠降脂效果的实验研究

为了解服用猕猴桃复方口服液对高脂血症的预防和治疗效果及其与抗脂质过氧化的关系、并观察其与运动训练两种措施同时使用时的降脂效果，我们以８０只雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠为实验动物，在喂饲高脂饲料建立高脂血症模型的同时及建成高脂血症模型后，给予猕猴桃复方口服液或／和运动训练措施，采用体重、体脂（肾周及辜周脂肪重量）、血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、氏密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）等指标，进行研究，主要结果如下：１．服用猕猴桃复方口服液或运动对喂饲高脂饲料大鼠均有抑制大鼠体重、体脂、血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平增加，提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）水平的良好作用。２．猕猴桃复方口服液结合运动两因素联合使用时，对喂饲高脂饲料大鼠降低体重、体脂、血清胆固醇、甘油酯、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）水平和提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）水平的效果比单独服用猕猴桃复方口服液或单独运动更好。３．在建立高脂血症大鼠模型同时，服用猕猴桃复方口服液或单一运动的预防性降脂效果优于在建成高脂血症模型后再使用这两种降脂措施的治疗效果。４．在大?     

力竭性游泳对小鼠脑、肝、肌组织自由基代谢和血清CK、LDH活性的影响

本文研究力竭性游泳对小鼠脑、肝、肌组织过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）水平以及血清肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性的影响。结果表明：力竭性游泳后小鼠肌组织自由基生成增多，ＬＰＯ水平显著增加，导致肌细胞膜通透性改变，血清ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ活性明显升高，同一运动负荷对小鼠不同组织器官自由基代谢的影响不尽相同，以骨骼肌变化最为明显，肝脏次之，脑组织变化相对稳定。     

针刺足三里穴对运动小鼠体内自由基代谢的影响

为探讨针刺足三里穴对小鼠运动能力和自由基代谢的影响,采用小鼠游泳训练模型,观察体重等一般状况,游泳耐力,血浆、肝脏及肌肉组织中SOD、GSH-Pxx活力和MDA含量.结果表明,针刺足三里穴能改善训练小鼠整体健康状况,提高小鼠游泳耐力和血浆、肝脏、肌肉中SOD、GsH-Px活力,降低MDA含量.提示针刺足三里穴能提高小鼠运动能力,其机理与纠正运动小鼠自由基代谢失衡有关,为运动性疲劳的防治提供了有效的方法.     

复方红景天片抗疲劳作用研究

目的研究复方红景天片对小鼠的抗疲劳作用。方法将小鼠随机分为5组：空白对照组,生力胶囊组（0.5g.kg-1.d-1）,复方红景天片低、中、高剂量组（0.5、1.0、2.0 g.kg-1.d-1）。灌胃给药,连续给药30 d后对负重游泳时间、爬杆时间、血清尿素氮（BUN）含量、肝/肌糖原含量、全血乳酸（BLA）等指标测定,观察长时间游泳对小鼠心肌超微结构的影响,评价其抗疲劳作用。结果复方红景天片能明显延长小鼠负重游泳及爬杆时间,提高小鼠肝/肌糖原储量,减少BUN的产生,加速BLA清除,心肌超微结构显示,复方红景天片可减轻长时间运动所导致的心肌损伤。结论复方红景天片具有一定的抗疲劳作用。     

针灸足三里穴对小鼠运动能力及部分免疫指标的影响

为探讨针灸足三里穴对小鼠运动能力和神经 -内分泌 -免疫系统的影响 ,采用小鼠游泳训练模型 ,观察体重等一般情况 ,测试游泳耐力和血红蛋白 (Hb)、红细胞压积 (Hct) ,血清睾酮(T)、皮质醇 (C)及其比值 (T/C)和补体C3、C4 含量 ,脾脏系数、胸腺系数等指标。结果表明 ,针灸足三里穴能改善训练小鼠整体健康状况 ,提高小鼠游泳耐力和Hb、Hct以及血清T、T/C ,补体C3、C4含量 ,降低运动小鼠血清C水平。提示针灸足三里穴能提高小鼠运动能力 ,其机理可能与纠正运动小鼠神经 -内分泌 -免疫调节紊乱有关     

军用固体运动饮料对兔热环境下心肌酶活性的影响

军用固体运动饮料是主要由人参、黄芪、红景天、多抗甲素等组成的中西药复方制剂。本实验观察日本大耳白兔在高温环境下喂饲该饮料后，其心肌酶（ＡＳＴ、ＬＤＨ、ＣＫ、α ＨＢＤ）活性的变化，以期为部队在热环境下施工、训练及劳动时战士饮用该饮料提供具有参考价值的...     

银杏叶提取物对小鼠骨骼肌过氧化损伤的保护作用

通过建立灌服银杏叶提取物小鼠的适量游泳和力竭游泳实验模型，测定了小鼠骨骼肌的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的活力和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的水平。结果显示，灌服银杏叶提取物小鼠的ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ的活力均显著高于各自的对照组，ＭＤＡ的含量低于各自的对照组，说明服用银杏叶提取物可减轻运动所产生的内源性自由基对小鼠的伤害，表明银杏叶提取物具有较强的抗自由基损伤和抗脂质过氧化损伤的作用。     

运动不同阶段中医辨证论治提高运动能力的实验研究

通过小鼠游泳试验,在训练４周后紧接成绩测试的过程中,分别采用单纯益气养阴法和前３周益气养阴后１周益气温阳序贯的方法调节机体功能,提高运动能力,并比较序贯法和单纯益气养阴法对小鼠运动应激能力和体能恢复的促进作用。实验结果提示：两种方法均能提高小鼠运动能力。序贯法提高运动应激能力的作用超过益气养阴法,而益气养阴法促进体能恢复的作用优于序贯法。     

耐力训练和一次性力竭运动对大鼠心肌和骨骼肌硫氧还蛋白还原酶的影响

目的:观察运动对大鼠心肌、骨骼肌硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TR)的影响.方法:SD大鼠30只,随机分成安静对照组、耐力训练组和力竭组.训练组进行6周渐增游泳训练,5次/周.最后1次训练后24小时,断头处死安静对照组和训练组大鼠,力竭组大鼠在一次性力竭运动后即刻处死.DTNB法检测心肌、骨骼肌TR活性,RT-PCR法观察TR mRNA水平变化.结果:6周耐力训练大鼠心肌TR活性显著高于安静对照组,一次性力竭组大鼠心肌TR活性显著低于安静对照组.各组大鼠心肌TR mRNA均无显著性差异.结论:6周耐力训练显著提高大鼠心肌TR活性,而在mRNA水平上无显著性差异.     

Specific inspiratory muscle training in well-trained endurance athletes

PURPOSE: It has been reported that arterial O2 desaturation occurs during maximal aerobic exercise in elite endurance athletes and that it might be associated with respiratory muscle fatigue and relative hypoventilation. We hypothesized that specific inspiratory muscle training (SIMT) will result in improvement in respiratory muscle function and thereupon in aerobic capacity in well-trained endurance athletes. METHODS: Twenty well-trained endurance athletes volunteered to the study and were randomized into two groups: 10 athletes comprised the training group and received SIMT, and 10 athletes were assigned to a control group and received sham training. Inspiratory training was performed using a threshold inspiratory muscle trainer, for 0.5 h x d(-1) six times a week for 10 wk. Subjects in the control group received sham training with the same device, but with no resistance. RESULTS: Inspiratory muscle strength (PImax) increased significantly from 142.2 +/- 24.8 to 177.2 +/- 32.9 cm H2O (P < 0.005) in the training but remained unchanged in the control group. Inspiratory muscle endurance (PmPeak) also increased significantly, from 121.6 +/- 13.7 to 154.4 +/- 22.1 cm H2O (P < 0.005), in the training group, but not in the control group. The improvement in the inspiratory muscle performance in the training group was not associated with improvement in peak VEmax, VO2max breathing reserve (BR). or arterial O2 saturation (%SaO2), measured during or at the peak of the exercise test. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that 10 wk of SIMT can increase the inspiratory muscle performance in well-trained athletes. However, this increase was not associated with improvement in aerobic capacity, as determined by VO2max, or in arterial O2 desaturation during maximal graded exercise challenge. The significance of such results is uncertain and further studies are needed to elucidate the role of respiratory muscle training in the improvement of aerobic-type exercise capacity.     

Influence of intermittent anaerobic exercise on mouse physical endurance and antioxidant components

Objective

To determine the effect of intermittent anaerobic exercise on physical endurance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation of brain, heart, and skeletal muscles in mice.

Methods

Mice were made to perform intermittent (with short or long rest intervals) anaerobic swimming on six consecutive days. Body weight was monitored. Tissue total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) were determined on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th day. Physical endurance was determined on day 7 by using an exhaustive swimming test and a static grasping test.

Results

The intermittent anaerobic exercise resulted in decreased growth rate and physical endurance capacity, as indicated by less weight gain and shorter time to exhaustion during the exhaustive swimming and static grasping test (p<0.05). It also led to a higher T‐AOC in muscle, heart, and brain, higher SOD activity in muscle and heart, and higher TBARS content in muscle (p<0.05). This type of exercise had no effect on brain SOD and TBARS. The changes in T‐AOC in brain, muscle, and heart were all more pronounced the longer the experiment continued (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Intermittent anaerobic exercise reduced growth and physical endurance and increased tissue antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation.     

Effect of creatine on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle in swimmers.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of a relatively low dose of creatine on skeletal muscle metabolism and oxygen supply in a group of training athletes. METHODS: 31P magnetic resonance and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to study calf muscle metabolism in a group of 10 female members of a university swimming team. Studies were performed before and after a six week period of training during which they took either 2 g creatine daily or placebo. Calf muscle metabolism and creatine/choline ratios were studied in resting muscle, during plantar flexion exercise (10-15 min), and during recovery from exercise. RESULTS: There was no effect of creatine on metabolite ratios at rest or on metabolism during exercise and recovery from exercise. Muscle oxygen supply and exercise performance were not improved by creatine if compared to placebo treated subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Oral creatine supplementation at 2 g daily has no effect on muscle creatine concentration, muscle oxygen supply or muscle aerobic or anaerobic metabolism during endurance exercise.     

Divergent physiological characteristics and responses to endurance training among inbred mouse strains

Both baseline values and adaptive changes in mice can vary depending on the genetic background. We aimed to assess variation in a battery of variables and their adaptations to endurance training in six inbred mouse strains. Males, n = 184, from A/J, BALB/cByJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and PWD/PhJ strains were assigned to a control or an endurance group (5 weeks swimming exercise). Enzyme activity, histology of soleus (SOL) muscle, swimming endurance, cardiac ventricular and hind limb muscle weight, and femur length were examined. Endurance capacity, morphological and histological variables, and enzyme activity substantially differed among strains. For example, SOL weight was twofold higher and cross‐sectional area (CSA) of fibers was ～30% greater in C57BL/6J than in PWD/PhJ strain. The CSA of type 1 fibers were larger than type 2A in PWD/PhJ (P < 0.01); however, the reverse was true in DBA/2J and BALB/cByJ strains (P < 0.05). Swimming endurance in DBA/2J strain was ～9 times better than in BALB/cByJ. Endurance training increased the activity of citrate synthase in gastrocnemius across strains (P < 0.01), however, changes in endurance were strain‐specific; the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains improved substantially, whereas A/J and BALB/cByJ strains did not. In conclusion, genetic background is a potent determinant of the physiological characteristics and adaptations to training in mice.     

运动训练和补充肌酸增强大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运能力

目的 :探讨运动训练和营养补剂对骨骼肌糖代谢能力的影响。方法 :以成年雄性SD大鼠为研究对象 ,采用正交设计法安排实验 ,研究耐力游泳训练、间歇高强度训练、肌酸、谷氨酰胺四因素对大鼠安静状态下或耗竭运动后恢复期骨骼肌葡萄糖转运能力的影响 ,实验为期 2周。结果 :糖原耗竭运动后 1小时 ,间歇高强度训练大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运显著增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;耗竭运动后6～ 2 4小时 ,耐力训练大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运呈持续增强的趋势 ;补充肌酸或谷氨酰胺对耗竭运动后恢复期大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运未见明显影响 ,但耐力训练或补肌酸均能使安静状态下胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖转运显著增强 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :( 1)耐力训练和间歇高强度训练均能增强大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运能力。 ( 2 )补充肌酸或谷氨酰胺对大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运无影响。 ( 3)耐力训练和补肌酸可增强胰岛素敏感性 ,使胰岛素刺激的肌肉葡萄糖转运增加     

Resistive respiratory muscle training improves and maintains endurance swimming performance in divers.

Respiratory work is increased during exercise under water and may lead to respiratory muscle fatigue, which in turn can compromise swimming endurance. Previous studies have shown that respiratory muscle training, conducted five days per week for four weeks, improved both respiratory and fin swimming endurance. This training (RRMT-5) consisted of intermittent vital capacity breaths (twice/minute) against spring loaded breathing valves imposing static and resistive loads generating average inspiratory pressures of approximately 40 cmH2O and expiratory pressures of approximately 47 cmH2O. The purpose of the present study (n = 20) was to determine if RRMT 3 days per week (RRMT-3) would give similar improvements, and if continuing RRMT 2 days per week (RRMT-M) would maintain the benefits of RRMT-3 in fit SCUBA divers. Pulmonary function, maximal inspiratory (P(insp)) and expiratory pressures (P(exp)), respiratory endurance (RET), and surface and underwater (4 fsw) fin swimming endurance were determined prior to and after RRMT, and monthly for 3 months. Pulmonary function did not significantly improve after either RRMT-3 or RMMT-5; while P(insp) (20 and 15%) and P(exp) (25 and 11%), RET (73 and 217%), surface (50 and 33%) and underwater (88 and 66%) swim times improved. VO2, VE and breathing frequency decreased during the underwater endurance swims after both RRMT-3 and RRMT-5. During RRMT-M P(insp) and P(exp) and RET and swimming times were maintained at post RRMT-3 levels. RRMT 3 or 5 days per week can be recommended to divers to improve both respiratory and fin swimming endurance, effects which can be maintained with RRMT twice weekly.