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1.
Objective To establish three types of bladder cancer models with MB49 cells and investigate the optimal opportunity for experimental treatment. Methods The subcutaneous model of bladder cancer was established with 2×106 cells/50 uX MB49 cells;orthotopic model with 5×105 cells/50 μlMB49 cells through catheter, and pulmonary metastatic model with 1×105 cells/200 μl MB49 cells via tail vein. The optimal opportunity for experimental treatment was chosen. Results It was at the 5th day after transplantation that palpable tumor could be detected in subcutaneous model, which was the optimal opportunity for experimental treatment. The steady orthotopic model could be established by cancer cell bladder perfusion. Fist to third day was the optimal opportunity for experimental treatment. The observation duration was 3 weeks. The pulmonary metastatic model could be established by trail intravenous injection. The optimal time for experimental treatment was within 7 days. The observation duration was also 3 weeks. Conclusion The subcutaneous model, orthotopic model and pulmonary metastatic model of bladder cancer could be established by MB49 cells. The quality of the models wap good, and the time of tumor development was steady. It was favorable for choosing the optimal time of e Derimental treatment.  相似文献   

2.
Objective To establish three types of bladder cancer models with MB49 cells and investigate the optimal opportunity for experimental treatment. Methods The subcutaneous model of bladder cancer was established with 2×106 cells/50 uX MB49 cells;orthotopic model with 5×105 cells/50 μlMB49 cells through catheter, and pulmonary metastatic model with 1×105 cells/200 μl MB49 cells via tail vein. The optimal opportunity for experimental treatment was chosen. Results It was at the 5th day after transplantation that palpable tumor could be detected in subcutaneous model, which was the optimal opportunity for experimental treatment. The steady orthotopic model could be established by cancer cell bladder perfusion. Fist to third day was the optimal opportunity for experimental treatment. The observation duration was 3 weeks. The pulmonary metastatic model could be established by trail intravenous injection. The optimal time for experimental treatment was within 7 days. The observation duration was also 3 weeks. Conclusion The subcutaneous model, orthotopic model and pulmonary metastatic model of bladder cancer could be established by MB49 cells. The quality of the models wap good, and the time of tumor development was steady. It was favorable for choosing the optimal time of e Derimental treatment.  相似文献   

3.
听觉诱发电位指数及其两种计算模式   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
听觉诱发电位指数在麻醉/镇静深度监测中的作用越来越受到重视。本文就其两种计算模式即MTA model与ARX model的有关原理及临床应用作一综述。  相似文献   

4.
We propose a multiple relaxation time entropic realization of a recent two-phase flow lattice Boltzmann model [S.A. Hosseini, B. Dorschner, and I. V. Karlin, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 953 (2022)]. While the original model with a single relaxation time allows us to reach large density ratios, it is limited in terms of stability with respect to non-dimensional viscosity and velocity. Here we show that the entropic multiple relaxation time model extends the stability limits of the model significantly, which allows us to reach larger Reynolds numbers for a given grid resolution. The thermodynamic properties of the solver, using the Peng–Robinson equation of state, are studied first using simple configurations. Co-existence densities and temperature scaling of both the interface thickness and the surface tension are shown to agree well with theory. The model is then used to simulate the impact of a drop onto a thin liquid film with density and viscosity ratios matching those of water and air both in two and three dimensions. The results are in very good agreement with theoretically predicted scaling laws and experimental data.视频.mp4  相似文献   

5.
Objective To develop and evaluate a porcine model for training the single needle running suture method of laparoscopie urethrovesical anastomosis(LUA). Methods Twenty minipigs with mean weight of 30kg were general anaesthetized with Sumianxin solution 0. 1 ml/kg intramuscularly. Pneumoperitoneum was created by insufflation of carbon dioxide by a veress needle inserted through the umbilicus. One 10mm port and two 5mm ports were positioned after the establishment of pneumoperitoneum. The intestine was used as "bladder". The procedures were completed with the single needle running suture method of laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis. Six trainees performed the LUA procedure based on the models during a laparoscopic training course, following the technique used in the operation room. The learning curve was analyzed by operative time. Results The porcine model for laparoscopic training was established successfully and 3 LUAs could be performed on each pig. Each trainee performed 10 LUAs based on the models during the training course of laparoscopic urology. The operative time declined from (55.3±10. 4)min initially to (22.4±4.8)min (P<0. 01) after the training course. At the end of training, all trainees could accomplish a watertight LUR procedure on the model. Conclusions The establishment of the training model is feasible. The trainees could acquire the skills necessary to perform LUA in vivo based on this model. The model provides a platform for training the basic techniques of LUA procedures.  相似文献   

6.
Objective To develop and evaluate a porcine model for training the single needle running suture method of laparoscopie urethrovesical anastomosis(LUA). Methods Twenty minipigs with mean weight of 30kg were general anaesthetized with Sumianxin solution 0. 1 ml/kg intramuscularly. Pneumoperitoneum was created by insufflation of carbon dioxide by a veress needle inserted through the umbilicus. One 10mm port and two 5mm ports were positioned after the establishment of pneumoperitoneum. The intestine was used as "bladder". The procedures were completed with the single needle running suture method of laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis. Six trainees performed the LUA procedure based on the models during a laparoscopic training course, following the technique used in the operation room. The learning curve was analyzed by operative time. Results The porcine model for laparoscopic training was established successfully and 3 LUAs could be performed on each pig. Each trainee performed 10 LUAs based on the models during the training course of laparoscopic urology. The operative time declined from (55.3±10. 4)min initially to (22.4±4.8)min (P<0. 01) after the training course. At the end of training, all trainees could accomplish a watertight LUR procedure on the model. Conclusions The establishment of the training model is feasible. The trainees could acquire the skills necessary to perform LUA in vivo based on this model. The model provides a platform for training the basic techniques of LUA procedures.  相似文献   

7.
Objective To analysis the biomechanical characteristics of the reconstructed pelvis with modular hemi-pelvie prosthesis by finite element (FE) method. Methods A subject-specific finite element model of pelvis was established. Th experiment was performed on the same cadaveric pelvis. Eight points on the surface of cortical bone was determined. Both the same load and boundary conditions were applied on the FE model and experiment. The stress by experiment (σ EXP) was calculated based on the data collected from the strain discs. Linear regression was performed with the stress predicted by FE model (σFEM) and experi-ment data to validate the FE model. A defect pelvic (with zone Ⅱ +Ⅲ in left hemi-pelvis) FE model was con-structed and assembled with the prosthesis. The stress distribution on the eontra lateral hemi-pelvis was cal-culated by the reconstructed pelvic FE model (σRS), and the results were compared with that of the normal pelvis (σNS). Also the comparison was clone at the resection level of the affected hemi-pelvis between normal pelvic FE model (σNR) and reconstructed model (σRR) both on medial and lateral cortical bone of the pelvis. Structural analysis was performed on the whole set of implant. Results FE predictions were strongly correlated with experimental results (R2=0.87). No significant difference was found between the σRS and σNS (t=1.81, P=0.08). Regarding to the stress distribution at lilac resection level, no difference was found between σNR and σRR on the medial side (t=0.47, P=0.65). However, on the lateral side, σRR were signifi-cantly higher than the σNR (t=2.78, P=0.02). The peak stress of the prosthesis was about 183 MPa located at the conjunction of the acetabulum and the iliac fixation part. The main load conduction path on the prosthe-sis was at the posterior side of column portion part of the iliac fixation. Conclusion Reconstruction with modular hemi-pelvic prosthesis could recover the pelvic biomechanics with rational mechanical design.  相似文献   

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10.
目的 利用三维有限元分析方法量化评价后方韧带复合体损伤(posterior ligament complex, PLC)对腰椎后路椎间融合术后邻近节段椎间盘和小关节的生物力学影响。方法 建立正常的腰骶椎(L1-S1)三维有限元模型(normal model, Nm),分别建立单纯融合模型(fusion model, Fm)、腰椎后路椎间融合模型(posterior lumbar interbody fusion model, PLIFm)、切除上邻近节段PLC的腰椎后路椎间融合模型(PLC resection and posterior lumbar interbody fusion model, PR&PLIFm),在相同的预载荷和力矩加载下进行前屈、后伸、侧弯和扭转运动,分析比较4组模型手术及邻近节段的活动度(range of motion, ROM)、椎间盘应力和小关节接触力变化。结果 成功建立了正常有效的腰骶椎有限元模型及3种融合模型。3种融合模型均出现邻近节段ROM和椎间盘应力的不同程度增加,PLIFm和PR&PLI...  相似文献   

11.
Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal injection of Akt inhibitor Ⅳ on pain behavior in rats model of injected radicular pain. Methods Eighteen male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with successful intrathecal intubation were randomly divided into three groups (n=6): Sham group (S), injected radicular pain group (C), and Akt inhibitor group (A). In C group and A group, the model of injected radicular pain were established by surgiflo injection. Akt inhibitorⅣ was injected 30 min before the model preparation in group A. Vehicle (10% ethanol) was intrathecally injected at the same time in group C and group S. Pain ethology indexes such as paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were assessed on 1 d before and 1, 4, 7, 10, 17 d and 28 d after operation. Results Compared to group S and preoperative level, PWMT and PWTL were decreased on the first postoperative day in group C (P<0.05). Intrathecal Akt inhibitorⅣ injection significantly decreased PWMT and PWTL (P<0.05) in groups A. Conclusion Intrathecal Akt inhibitorⅣ injection would intensify pain behavior in rat model of injected radicular pain. Akt may play an important role in the development of pain behavior in rat model of injected radicular pain.  相似文献   

12.
Objective To construct a mouse model of highly metastatic gastric lymphoma with orthotopic transplantation of human primary gastric lymphoma specimen. Methods A fresh surgical specimen of primary gastric lymphoma was obtained intraoperatively and implanted into the submucosa of stomach in nude mice. Tumor formation, invasion, metastasis, morphological characteristics under light microscopy and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry,and the karyotype of orthotopically transplanted tumor cells were studied. Results An orthotopic highly metastatic model of human primary gastric lymphoma in nude mice (HGBL-0305) was successfully established. Histopathology of transplanted tumors showed primary gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma. CD19, CD20, CD22 and CD79α were positive, while CD3 and CD7 were negative. The number of chromosome ranged from 56 to 69. DNA index(DI) was 1.47±0.12(i.e. heteroploid). Until now, HGBL-0305 model has been maintained for 45 generations by orthotopic passage for almost 4 years in nude mice. A total of 156 nude mice were used for transplantation. The growth rate and resuscitation rate of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation of transplanted tumor cells were both 100%. The autonomic growth of the transplanted tumor cells invaded and destructed all the layers of the nude mice stomach. The metastasis rates of liver, spleen, lymph node, and peritoneal seeding were 69.5%, 55.6%, 45.7%, and 30.5%, respectively. Conclusions An orthotopic highly metastatic model of human primary gastric lymphoma in nude mice is successfully established. HGBL-0305 model may simulate the natural course of primary gastric lymphoma in human and provides an ideal animal model for studies on pathogenesis, metastasis biology and anti-metastatic therapies of primary gastric lymphoma.  相似文献   

13.
Objective To construct a mouse model of highly metastatic gastric lymphoma with orthotopic transplantation of human primary gastric lymphoma specimen. Methods A fresh surgical specimen of primary gastric lymphoma was obtained intraoperatively and implanted into the submucosa of stomach in nude mice. Tumor formation, invasion, metastasis, morphological characteristics under light microscopy and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry,and the karyotype of orthotopically transplanted tumor cells were studied. Results An orthotopic highly metastatic model of human primary gastric lymphoma in nude mice (HGBL-0305) was successfully established. Histopathology of transplanted tumors showed primary gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma. CD19, CD20, CD22 and CD79α were positive, while CD3 and CD7 were negative. The number of chromosome ranged from 56 to 69. DNA index(DI) was 1.47±0.12(i.e. heteroploid). Until now, HGBL-0305 model has been maintained for 45 generations by orthotopic passage for almost 4 years in nude mice. A total of 156 nude mice were used for transplantation. The growth rate and resuscitation rate of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation of transplanted tumor cells were both 100%. The autonomic growth of the transplanted tumor cells invaded and destructed all the layers of the nude mice stomach. The metastasis rates of liver, spleen, lymph node, and peritoneal seeding were 69.5%, 55.6%, 45.7%, and 30.5%, respectively. Conclusions An orthotopic highly metastatic model of human primary gastric lymphoma in nude mice is successfully established. HGBL-0305 model may simulate the natural course of primary gastric lymphoma in human and provides an ideal animal model for studies on pathogenesis, metastasis biology and anti-metastatic therapies of primary gastric lymphoma.  相似文献   

14.
Objective To determine the plasma proteomic profiling by using surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) combined with bioinformatics for screening biomarkers of endometriosis and primarily setting up a diagnostic model of endometriosis.Method.Thirty-six patients with endometriosis diagnosed laparoscopically and thirty-five healthy controls were included in the study.Their serum were analyzed by SELDI and protein chip to generate protein profiling spectra.Student t test was used to compare the peak intensifies of the protein profiling results from the different groups.Biomarker Pattern Software was used to analyze the data between two groups and set up a diagnostic model for endometriosis.Protein profiling spectra from sixteen endometriosis patients and fifteen healthy controls were used double-blindedly to test the efficiency of the diagnostic model and generate the sensitivity and specificity of the model.Result Fourteen abnormally expressed protein peaks were detected in the plasma of patients with endometriosis (P<0.01).The endometriosis diagnostic model was composed of three protein peaks.It correctly identified 33 of 36 patients with endometriosis and 29 of 35 controls in the training test.In the masked set 14 of 16 patients with endometriosis and 12 of 15 normal controls were correctly identified with sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 8o%.Conclusion Patients with endometriosis have a unique cluster of proteins in plasma detected by SELDI.SELDI provides a new approach for screening novel biomarkers of endometriosis.Its utility in clinical practice need further study.  相似文献   

15.
SinoSCORE对老年心血管外科病人的手术风险预测作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 评价中国冠状动脉旁路移植手术评分系统(SinoSCORE)对冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)院内病死率和术后并发症的预测效果.方法 中国心血管外科注册登记研究收集来自全国43家心脏外科中心2007年至2008年接受CABG的9564例病人的临床资料.应用logistic回归的统计学方法建立中国冠状动脉旁路移植术风险评分系统(SinoSCORE).本模型确定了包括年龄大于65岁、术前NYHA心功能分级、慢性肾功能衰竭史、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等11个危险因素.根据SinoSCORE评分将病人分为:低危组(≤1分)、中危组(2~5分)与高危组(≥6分).评价SinoSCORE对CABG院内病死率和术后并发症的预测效果,应用Homser-Lemeshow(HL)拟合优度检验考察SinoSCORE的校准度,应用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)评价SinoSCORE的区分度,并与EuroSCORE进行比较.通过比较观察病死率与预测病死率95%置信区间的差异,评估SinoSCORE对不同危险组病人院内病死率的预测功能.结果 SinoSCORE对CABG手术病死率与术后主要并发症表现出较好的预测效果:手术病死率HL拟合优度检验为P=0.70,AUC=0.80,术后主要并发症:卒中为HL P=0.43,AUC=0.76;肾衰为HL P=0.70,AUC=0.72;通气时间延长(>24 h)为HL P=0.18,AUC=0.70;多系统衰竭为HL P=0.49,AUC=0.79,效果优于EuroSCORE.在3组不同危险程度的病人中,观察病死率与预测病死率95%置信区间均有较好的重合.结论 SinoSCORE是建立在中国最新的冠脉旁路移植手术临床数据的基础上风险评分系统,预测中国病人的院内死亡与术后并发症的能力优于EuroSCORE,更加适合我国心脏外科领域临床医师应用.
Abstract:
Objective Our study aims to evaluate the performance of Chinese risk stratification system for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the prediction of in-hospital mortality and major postoperative complications after CABG. Methods Clinical information of 9564 consecutive CABG patients was collected in Chinese Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Registry which recruited 43 centers over China between 2007 and 2008. Sino System for Coronary Operative Risk Evaluation ( SinoSCORE) was developed using the logistic regression model. The SinoSCORE model was designed to predict in-hospital mortality among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The scoring system finally identified 11 risk factors including age over 65, preoperative NYHA stage, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. Cut-off point was defined for SinoSCORE model to distinguish low( SinoSCORE: ≤ 1 ), moderate( SinoSCORE :2 -5 ) and high risk groups(≥6).AUC statistic (receiver operating characteristic curve) was used to test discrimination of SinoSCORE model and we assessed calibration of this model by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic. The above-mentioned results were compared with the European Risk System in Cardiac Operations (EuroSCORE). And we also assessed the applicability of SinoSCORE model in the prediction of in-hospital mortality among the three different risk groups by comparing the 95% confidence interval (CI) between the morbidity observed with that expected. Results SinoSCORE model showed good performance ( HL P > 0. 05, AUC > 0. 70 ) in the prediction of in-hospital mortality and postoperative complications. Of our study population, calibration by Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test for in-hospital mortality was P=0.70, discrimination by area under ROC (AUC) was 0.80. And for major postoperative complications, the risk model SinoSCORE model still turned out good including the following: stroke ( HL P = 0. 43, AUC = 0. 76, renal failure ( HL P = 0. 70, AUC = 0. 72 ), prolonged ventilation ( HL P = 0. 18, AUC = 0.70 ),multiple organ failure( HL P =0.49 ,AUC =0.79). By comparison with EuroSCORE model, SinoSCORE model proved better prediction ability in both the discrimination and calibration based on our research crowd. And during the different danger degree of patients, mortality observations 95% CI and estimated values of 95% CI were very good overlap, which indicated that this model for the three different risk groups are applicable. Conclusion SinoSCORE model is based on the newest clinical date of Chinese patients undergoing CABG. SinoSCORE can be used to predict not only in-hospital mortality, for which it was originally designed, but also postoperative complications. SinoSCORE proved better performance than the EuroSCORE model in Chinese CABG patients and is more suitable for? application? among? domestic cardiac surgery? physicians.  相似文献   

16.
Objective: To investigate the biomechanical effect of different volume, distribution and leakage to adjacent disc of bone cement on the adjacent vertebral body by three-dimensional osteoporosis finite element model of lumbar. Methods: L4 -L5 motion segment data of the cadaver of an old man who bad no abnormal findings on roentgenograms were obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans. Three-dimensional model of L4-L5 was established with Mimics software, and finite element model of L4-L5 functional spinal unit (FSU) was established by Ansys 7. 0 software. The effect of different loading conditions and distribution of bone cement after vertebroplasty on the adjacent vertebral body was investigated. Results: This study presented a validated finite element model of L4-L5 FSU with a simulated vertebroplasty augmentation to predict stresses and strains of adjacent untreated vertebral bodies. The findings from this FSU study suggested the endplate and disc stress of the adjacent vertebral body was not influenced by filling volume of bone cement but unipedicle injection and leakage to the disc of bone cement could concentrate the stress of adjacent endplate. Conclusions: Asymmetric distributions and leakage of cement into intervertebral disc can improve the stress of endplate in adjacent vertebral body. These results suggest that optimal biomechanical configuration should have symmetric placement and avoid leakage of cement in operation.  相似文献   

17.
Objective: To investigate the biomechanical effect of different volume, distribution and leakage to adjacent disc of bone cement on the adjacent vertebral body by threedimensional osteoporosis finite element model of lumbar. Methods : L4-L5 motion segment data of the cadaver of an old man who had no abnormal findings on roentgenogrmns were obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans. Three-dimensional model of L4-L5 established with Mimics software, and finite element model of L4-L5 functional spinal unit (FSU) was established by Ansys 7. 0 software. The effect of different loading conditions and distribution of bone cement after vertebroplasty on the adjacent vertebral body was investigated. Results: This study presented a validated finite element model of L4-L5 FSU with a simulated vertebroplasty augmentation to predict stresses and strains of adjacent untreated vertebral bodies. The findings from this FSU study suggested the endplate and disc stress of the adjacent vertebral body was not influenced by filling volume of bone cement but unipedicle injection and leakage to the disc of bone cement could concentrate the stress of adjacent endplate. Conclusions: Asymmetric distributions and leakage of cement into intervertebral disc can improve the stress of endplate in adjacent vertebral body. These results suggest that optimal biomechaulcal configuration should have symmetric placement and avoid leakage of cement in operation.  相似文献   

18.
To observe the changes of metabotropicglutamate receptor la in rat brain in a rodent model ofdiffuse head injury with secondary insults and the effects of2-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG).  相似文献   

19.
Objective To compare biomechanical stabilities between screw-plate fixation and non-cannulated screw fixation for Lisfranc ligament injury by a 3-D finite element analysis. Methods A 3-D model of a healthy foot was developed from computed tomography images. The 1st and the 2nd dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments and Lisfranc ligament were cut in the 3-D model of a healthy foot to establish a Lisfranc ligament injury model, in which screw-plate fixation (with 2 locking plates and 8 standard screws and one non-cannulated screw) and non-cannulated screw fixation (with 3 non-cannulated screws) for Lisfranc ligament injury were simulated respectively. Finite element analyses were carried out by Abaqus 6.14 software after loads were added in the 3-D models of screw-plate fixation and non-cannulated screw fixation for Lisfranc ligament injury. The overall stress-strain nephogram, the stress distribution and displacement of the foot bone, and the stress distribution on the internal fixation system were compared between the 2 kinds of models. Results Under the same load, the stress of the whole screw-plate fixation was concentrated on the fixators, and the stress of the non-cannulated screws was also greater than that of the bones. In both models, the strain of the whole foot led to arch collapse, especially in the medial column. The maximum stress on the screw holes in the medial and middle columns in the screw-plate fixation model was 39.91 MPa, smaller than that in the non-cannulated screw fixation model (53.13 MPa). The relative displacement of the first metatarsal joint in the screw-plate fixation model was 8.515 × 10-1 mm, much greater than that in the non-cannulated screw fixation model (3.893 × 10-1 mm). Stress concentration was observed in both models. The stress of the screw-plate system was concentrated on the fibular side of the middle section of the plate used to fix the first tarsometatarsal joint, decreasing towards both ends. The maximum stress of the non-cannulated screws was located in the middle of the medial column screw for fixation of the first tarsometatarsal joint, significantly greater than those of the both ends. The maximum stress of the screw-plate system was 239.5 MPa, smaller than that of the non-cannulated screws (256.8 MPa). Conclusions Non-cannulated screw fixation demonstrates a greater biomechanical stability for Lisfranc ligament injury than screw-plate fixation. However, the former may have a higher risk of screw breakage because it bears a greater stress. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

20.
Objective: To determine how the sexual behavior changes in the stagnation of Liver Qi syndrome and whether the alterations of monoaminine system is involved. Furthermore, whether Chinse Herb Calming Liver to Disperse Qi decoction can recover these changes. Methods: Provoked male rats by clamping their tails to make animal model and overiectmized female rats as stimulus animals in sexual behavior test. Flurophotometry was applied to measure Norepinephrine(NE), Dopamine(DA) and 5-Hydroxy tryptmine(5-HT) and NE in isolated corpus cavernosum. Results: NE and 5-HT in brain stem of the model groups in creased comparing with the control group not only directly but also indirectly provoked groups, and NE in isolated corpus cavernosum increased too(P<0.02-0.001), coincidence with these changes, the latency of intromittions and ejaculations of model groups lengthened and the numbers decreased. But the latency of mounts shorterned and the numbers increased (P<0.01-0.005). In Chinese Herbal administration groups, a  相似文献   

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